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A general approach is proposed within which the phase structure of wave perturbations caused by a moving localized source can be described based on the wave dispersion law alone. Applying this approach, a simple analytical expression for the phase surfaces is obtained. It is used to study the details of phase patterns of gravity-capillary waves, the structure of wave trains in the ocean in the wake of a moving tropical hurricane, and the system of lee waves in Earth's atmosphere.

Convective motions in moist saturated air are accompanied by the release of latent heat of condensation. Taking this effect into account, we consider the problem of convective instability of a moist saturated air layer, generalizing the formulation of the classical Rayleigh problem. An analytic solution demonstrating the fundamental difference between moist convection and Rayleigh convection is obtained. Upon losing stability in the two-dimensional case, localized convective rolls or spatially periodic chains of rollers with localized areas of upward motion evolve. In the case of axial symmetry, the growth of localized convective vortices with circulation characteristic of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) is possible at the early stages of development and on the scale of tornados to tropical cyclones.

The article investigates the structural strength of the metastable austenitic steel 03Kh16N9M2 and of the steel of the transition class (martensite + residual austenite) 05Kh14N5DM in the temperature range from 293 to 77°K for the purpose of determining their suitability for large components in cryogenics. It is shown that for their characteristics of impact toughness and low-cycle fatigue steel 05Kh 14N5DM containing up to 15% residual austenite cannot be recommended as material of cryogenic structures operating at 77°K.

Conclusions 1.The AE method makes it possible to establish the onset of failure in metal structures reinforced with boron-plastic under the influence of shear stresses at the boundary between the boron-plastic and the aluminum tube. These stresses develop with a change in ambient temperature.2.The dependence of the constant component of the amplitude of continuous AE signals on the maximum shear stresses is clear enough to satisfy the goal of checking for fractures in a reinforced structure under the influence of thermal stresses. However, if necessary, the total AE count can also be used.3.For the given type of boron-plastic-reinforced structure, the critical shear stresses determined by the AE method lie within the range 30–35 MPa. This agrees well with the values obtained in [2].

A general approach is proposed within which the phase structure of wave perturbations caused by a moving localized source can be described based on the wave dispersion law alone. Applying this approach, a simple analytical expression for the phase surfaces is obtained. It is used to study the details of phase patterns of gravity-capillary waves, the structure of wave trains in the ocean in the wake of a moving tropical hurricane, and the system of lee waves in Earth's atmosphere.

Convective motions in moist saturated air are accompanied by the release of latent heat of condensation. Taking this effect into account, we consider the problem of convective instability of a moist saturated air layer, generalizing the formulation of the classical Rayleigh problem. An analytic solution demonstrating the fundamental difference between moist convection and Rayleigh convection is obtained. Upon losing stability in the two-dimensional case, localized convective rolls or spatially periodic chains of rollers with localized areas of upward motion evolve. In the case of axial symmetry, the growth of localized convective vortices with circulation characteristic of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) is possible at the early stages of development and on the scale of tornados to tropical cyclones.