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Background: Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of gastric cancer, yet the majority of infected individuals will not develop neoplasia. Previously, we developed and replicated serologic H. pylori biomarkers for gastric cancer risk among prospective cohorts in East Asia and now seek to validate the performance of these biomarkers in identifying individuals with premalignant lesions. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,402 individuals from Linqu County screened by upper endoscopy. H. pylori protein-specific antibody levels were assessed using multiplex serology. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalent intestinal metaplasia, indefinite dysplasia, or dysplasia, compared with superficial or mild atrophic gastritis. Results: Compared with individuals seronegative to Omp and HP0305, individuals seropositive to both were seven times more likely to have precancerous lesions (OR, 7.43; 95% CI, 5.59-9.88). A classification model for precancerous lesions that includes age, smoking, and seropositivity to H. pylori, Omp, and HP0305 resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.751 (95% CI, 0.725-0.777), which is significantly better than the same model, including the established gastric cancer risk factor CagA (AUC, 0.718; 95% CI, 0.691-0.746, Pdifference = 0.0002). Conclusions: The present study of prevalent precancerous gastric lesions provides support for two new serum biomarkers of gastric cancer risk, Omp and HP 0305. Impact: Our results support further research into the serological biomarkers Omp and HP0305 as possible improvements over the established virulence marker CagA for identifying individuals with precancerous lesions in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which evaluates the relationship between methylation of blood leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid and risk of gastric cancer among the population of Linqu County in China. Topics discussed include estimation of methylation levels of Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGFII) using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, need of identification of effective biomarkers to identify the cancer, and need of further examining IGFII to monitor gastric lesions.

The article discusses a research study on the association of gastric cancer (GC) risk and its precursors among the Chinese population with the genetic variants of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and 5 and Helicobacter pylori infection. Identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were genetic variants in 248 GC cases, 350 dysplasia and 496 intestinal dysplasia. Results showed that carriers of TLR2 have decreased risk of GC while TLR5 carriers have higher risks of GC.

The article discusses results of a study that investigated the association between manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphism and risk of advanced gastric lesions and its effects on chemoprevention on a group of subjects in Linqu, China. The study uncovered an increased risk of dysplasia in subjects with the Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Val/Val genotype. It concluded that Val16Ala polymorphism plays a crucial role in the development of advanced gastric lesions and modifying the vitamin supplementation effect.