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The article examines the case of a 42-year-old Chinese man with end-stage renal disease who underwent deceased donor kidney transplant two months following peritoneal dialysis therapy. Medications given included tacrolimus, prednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil. It discusses the causes of anemia in the posttransplant period, the findings on bone marrow examination, and treatment indicated for the patient. The final diagnosis for the man is pure red cell aplasia secondary to parvovirus B19 infection.