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Determine if a new teaching bundle targeting developmental dysplasia of the hip screening improved interns’ examination skills across multiple pediatric residency programs.This multicenter prospective cohort study included interns across 6 pediatric residency sites within the Academic Pediatric Association’s Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns Network in 2022. Participants underwent a baseline hip examination assessment on models using a checklist derived from textbook descriptions of Galeazzi, Ortolani, and Barlow maneuvers before receiving a teaching bundle. Repeat testing occurred after instruction. Data were analyzed using t-test for continuous and χ2 test for categorical variables. Semistructured focus groups provided qualitative feedback regarding the teaching bundle.We enrolled 117 of 155 interns across 6 sites (76%) for participation in the teaching bundle. Only 2% of participants (n = 2) identified a positive Galeazzi sign at baseline, whereas 88% (n = 103, P < .001) did so on the postinstructional assessment. Although 27% of participants (n = 32) correctly identified a positive Barlow sign at baseline, 69% (n = 81, P < .001) did so on the postinstructional assessment. The ability to correctly detect a positive Ortolani sign increased from 22% (n = 26) to 92% (n = 108, P < .001). Fifteen interns participated in the semistructured focus groups, with resultant themes reinforcing the limited experience of the infant hip examination before this intervention and the positive impact of the teaching bundle.Most participants in this study did not have strong infant hip examination skills at entry into residency. A standardized teaching bundle significantly improved skills in examination technique and identifying abnormalities.

The application of phyto-nanotechnology in horticulture is a sustainable tool for agriculture due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly properties. Essential micro-elements have been used as nano-fertilizer to enhance crop production. Fine-tuning of the nanoparticle dose is also recognized as the critical factor determining their impact on plant growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on potato plants physiological and biochemical changes under the hydroponic conditions. Observations revealed that the plant growing in the adapted hydroponics media (supplemented with 4.0 mg L− 1Fe3O4NPs and 1.0 mg L− 1MnO2NPs instead of original Fe and Mn salt respectively) improved various physiological and biochemical parameters, total biomass, and tuber yield compared to the untreated control. The growth-promoting impact of metal oxide NPs (hereafter refers as MONPs) simultaneously induced the activity of various antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) and contributed to the adequate reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content relative to the untreated control plants. This indicated that the application of MONPs could improve the potato yield per plant via modulating the plant antioxidant machinery. In addition, the application of MONPs as nano-nutrient appreciably improved the photosynthetic efficiency of plants via modulating the photosynthetic pigment content like Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, ratio Chl a/b, carotenoids as well as soluble sugar. The SEM-EDX elemental mapping also showed a slightly higher content of metals ions (Fe, Mn, and Ca) in the root and shoot tissues, however, the TEM analysis also confirmed absorption as well as transportation of MONPs in the root tissues growing in the presence of MONPs. This study opened the opportunity of utilizing MONPs as nano-nutrient in a hydroponic condition for development of pathogen-free potato tuber.

Previous research suggests increasing numbers of and variation in NICU admissions. We explored whether these trends were reflected in California by examining NICU admissions and birth data in aggregate and among patient and hospital subpopulations more susceptible to variations in care.In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated NICU utilization between 2008 and 2018 for all live births at hospitals that provide data to the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative. We compared hospital- and admission-level data across birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), and illness acuity categories. Trends were analyzed by using linear regression models.We identified 472 402 inborn NICU admissions and 3 960 441 live births across 144 hospitals. Yearly trends in NICU admissions remained stable among all births and higher acuity births (mean admission rates 11.9% and 4.1%, respectively). However, analysis of the higher acuity births revealed significant increases in NICU admission rates for neonates with higher BW and GA (BW ≥ 2500g: 1.8% in 2008, 2.1% in 2018; GA ≥ 37 weeks: 1.5% in 2010, 1.8% in 2018). Kaiser hospitals had a decreasing trend of NICU admissions compared to non-Kaiser hospitals (Kaiser: 13.9% in 2008, 10.1% in 2018; non-Kaiser: 11.3% in 2008, 12.3% in 2018).Overall NICU admission rates in California were stable from 2008–2018. However, trends similar to national patterns emerged when stratified by infant GA, BW, and illness acuity as well as Kaiser or non-Kaiser hospitals, with increasing admission rates for infants born at higher BW and GA and within non-Kaiser hospitals.

Late preterm and term infants comprise 97.3% of annual births in the United States. Admission criteria and the availability of medical interventions in well newborn nurseries are key determinants of these infants remaining within a mother–infant dyad or requiring a NICU admission and resultant separation of the dyad. The objective of this study was to identify national patterns for well newborn nursery care practices.We surveyed a physician representative from each nursery in the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns Network. We described the admission criteria and clinical management of common newborn morbidities and analyzed associations with nursery demographics.Of 96 eligible nursery representatives, 69 (72%) completed surveys. Among respondents, 59 (86%) used a minimal birth weight criterion for admission to their well newborn nursery. The most commonly used criteria were 2000 g (n = 29, 49%) and 1800 g (n = 19, 32%), with a range between 1750 and 2500 g. All nurseries used a minimal gestational age criterion for admission; the most commonly used criterion was 35 weeks (n = 55, 80%). Eleven percent of sites required transfer to the NICU for phototherapy. Common interventions in the mother’s room included dextrose gel (n = 56, 81%), intravenous antibiotics (n = 35, 51%), opiates for neonatal abstinence syndrome (n = 15, 22%), and an incubator for thermoregulation (n = 14, 20%).Wide variation in admission criteria and medical interventions exists in well newborn nurseries. Further studies may help identify evidence-based optimal admission criteria to maximize care within the mother–infant dyad.

AbstractOver the years, cancer research has focused on different strategies to discover drugs and therapies to treat the metastatic stage of cancer. This stage depends upon the type, and the cause of cancer. One of the central facts about any cancer invasion is the formation of new blood vessels that provide nutrients to these uncontrollably dividing cells. This phenomenon is called angiogenesis and is responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis is a sequential process wherein various angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells bind to receptors of endothelial cells. This stimulates the cytoskeletal protein, especially actin to reorganize themselves and undergo the process of canalization. The driving force for such membrane transformation is spatially and temporally-regulated by polymerization of submembrane actin filaments. So far, Colchicine has been studied for its effectiveness in controlling microtubule reorganization during cell division, but its role is far from understood on actin polymerization. In our current study, we report the effect of Colchicine on actin polymerization dynamics using biophysical analysis like Right light scattering (RLS), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Circular dichroism (CD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and kinetic measurements. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicates multiple site binding for colchicine with actin aggregates. We have checked the in vivoeffect of colchicine using end3cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also report the anti-angiogenesis activity of colchicine via ex-ovochicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. We predict the target site of binding for the drug by docking studies. Based on our findings, we suggest the ‘drug-repurposed’ function for colchicine as a potential anti-angiogenic candidate.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The global challenge of achieving sustainable agricultural productivity and ensuring food security is exacerbated by the threat of phytopathogens and pests, which cause substantial damage and result in annual production losses of approximately 20%–40%, amounting to around 40 billion US dollars worldwide. Current reliance on conventional pesticides for crop disease management not only poses risks to human, animal, and environmental health but also contributes to the development of resistant pathogens. In response to this pressing issue, innovative technologies utilizing nanomaterials offer a promising alternative. These nanomaterials including lipid based nanoparticles (LNPs) can encapsulate and deliver pesticidal active ingredients in a controlled and targeted manner, presenting opportunities to enhance efficacy and efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. This approach represents a crucial step towards sustainable agriculture, preserving agro-ecosystem resilience and ensuring global food security. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of LNPs in agriculture, with a focus on their applications for crop disease management.

This study reports the rapid and simple methodology for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extracts of Chia (Salvia hispanicaL.) seed (AECS). This aqueous extract acts as the reducing agent, and the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at room temperature resulted in the synthesis of the AgNPs. The active phytochemical present in the AECS served as a stabilizing agent and favored the transition of Ag+into the elemental silver. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of the reduced silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution showed an absorption band centered around 450 nm which confirmed the presence of NPs in the solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the successful AgNP biosynthesis, and scanning electron microscopy investigations depicted the cubic phase of the NPs having spherical morphology with the particle size in the range of 40–60 nm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of various organic groups viz –OH, C=O, C–N, and N–H in the AECS solution and referred that these organic groups actually participated in the reduction of AgNO3ultimately resulting in the development of the metallic NPs. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited the characteristics of enhanced free radical scavenging, reduction potential, and catalytic and antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacterial strains. A detailed mechanism of catalytic activity is discussed in this report. Furthermore, the AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity even at lower concentration (10 μg). Thus, we have developed a simple, rapid, one-step, and eco-friendly non-toxic method for the development of active AgNPs showing a higher antioxidant property, higher reduction potential, and enhanced catalytic and antibacterial activities.

AbstractThis study examines the resting-state functional-connectivity (RsFc) in young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) using state-of-the-art fMRI data acquisition and analysis techniques. High temporal resolution fMRI using simultaneous multi-slice acquisition aided unbiased whole-brain connectome-wide multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) techniques for assessing RsFc. MVPA revealed two clusters (Crus I/II and lobule IX) of abnormal connectivity in the cerebellum that are consistent with the notion of a triple representation of nonmotor processing in the cerebellum. Whole-brain seed-based RsFc analyses informed by these clusters showed significant under connectivity between the cerebellar and social, emotional, and language brain regions in the HF-ASD group compared to healthy controls. The results we report are coherent with existing structural, functional, and RsFc literature in autism, extend previous literature reporting cerebellar abnormalities in the neuropathology of autism, and highlight the cerebellum as a potential target for therapeutic, diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic developments in HF-ASD. The description of functional connectivity abnormalities reported in this study using whole-brain, data-driven analyses has the potential to crucially advance the development of ASD biomarkers, targets for therapeutic interventions, and neural predictors for measuring treatment response.

Background:The prognosis for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor, even if treated with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. CAR T cell therapy provides long-term remission in only 40% of patients. Epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody developed using the DuoBody ® platform, received accelerated FDA approval for adults with R/R DLBCL not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from indolent lymphoma, and high-grade B-cell lymphoma after ≥2 lines of systemic therapy. Single-agent epcoritamab has demonstrated deep and durable responses (overall response rate, 63%; complete responses, 40%) and a manageable safety profile in patients with R/R large B-cell lymphoma in the EPCORE NHL-1 trial (Karimi et al, ASCO 2023, abstract 7525). Combining epcoritamab with antineoplastic agents that have different mechanisms of action may offer enhanced clinical benefit to patients. Therefore, EPCORE NHL-5 (NCT05283720) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of epcoritamab, as well as defining its recommended dose when coadministered with other antineoplastic agents in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Here, we present results from arm 1 that evaluated epcoritamab combined with lenalidomide in patients with R/R DLBCL.

Regardless of numerous paleoseismological studies along the active front of the Himalayas, it still lacks precision with respect to earthquake recurrence, rupture, slip mechanism, etc. which hinders understanding of the region's seismic hazards. Considering the seismic hazard posed by the previous Himalayan earthquakes, for instance, from Kashmir, Chamba, Kumaun-Garhwal, Nepal, etc., it becomes vital to identify the seismogenic structures and length of rupture that might be affected in the near future. In the present study, the paleoseismological investigation is carried out along the ∼150 km long Back Thrust (BT) of Himalayan Frontal Thrust bounding the northern limb of Janauri Anticline (JA) in northwest frontal Himalaya. By taking advantage of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique, the present study reports three newly identified seismic events along the BT i.e. 535-1269 AD Event I, 1447–1636 AD Event II, and 1660–1929 AD Event III. Our findings at Palahta locality of Punjab state complement, i.e., 1447–1636 AD (Event II), the effectiveness of previously identified more recent earthquake (MRE) at Hajipur, which further suggest the rupture length of ∼97 km along BT. The other results on the timing of seismic events (Event I and Event III) are well thought out and considered here as independent. Such independent events tend to fill an important gap in the database and provide us an opportunity to explore the paleoseismic events in more detail along the seismogenic structures of the Himalayas. Such a well-established database would assist in better seismic hazard estimation and will directly influence the long-term planning for infrastructure development in the regions like the Himalayas.

The seeds of wheat variety UP 2565 were invigorated with static magnetic fields of 100- and 200-mT intensities for 1 h and hydropriming for 16 h. Seedling vigour and enzyme activities of all invigorated seeds along with untreated control were conducted in the laboratory. Seedling vigour parameters were significantly higher in invigorated seeds than that of untreated seeds. Among invigorated seeds, hydroprimed seeds took minimum time to emerge than magnetically treated seeds. Similarly root length, shoot length, seedling vigour index were also significantly higher in hydroprimed seeds than magnetically treated seeds. The magnetic treatments led to a significant increase in shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight, vigour index and enzyme activity in comparison with untreated seeds. Alpha amylase activity was also 2.7, 1.8 and 1.3 times higher in hydroprimed, 100- and 200-mT static magnetic field treatments, respectively, over untreated seeds. Electrical conductivity of seed leachate was significantly reduced by hydropriming and static magnetic field treatments. At higher magnetic field, seedling vigour and enzyme activity were reduced.

Cryptococcus neoformansis a common opportunistic infection in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but cryptococcal infection (CI) has also been recognized in HIV-negative patients. Despite the fact that many studies were conducted in adults, limited data exist for pediatric patients.

Application of geomorphology in understanding tectonic processes in the active belts like the Himalaya is a well understood concept from the past decades. Identification of tectono-morphic features in a climatically induced and tectonically driven Himalayan system is the main focus of the present study. The parameters used in morphometric analysis i.e., Stream length gradient index (SL), steepness index (ks), and hypsometric curves (HC) are suitable in bringing immediate data for considering the tectono-climatic coupling within Soan Dun. This analysis further identified the potential zone of Holocene deformation which was additionally supported by field study along Soan Thrust (ST) in the northern margin of Soan Dun. The field study exemplifies the presence of fault scarps, triangular facets, transverse faults, V-shaped valley, and folded Quaternary sediments. These tectono-morphic features suffice the sole purpose of this study and signifies the Holocene crustal deformation in the frontal sub-Himalayan zone of Himachal segment.