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Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of current interventions for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants. Methods: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies from their inception to May 5, 2022. Publications were eligible for our study if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving preterm infants at <37 weeks of gestational age and reported the incidence of any-stage ROP treated with the interventions of interest. The overall effect was pooled using the random effects model. Results: We identified 106 RCTs (involving 23894 participants). This NMA showed that vitamin A supplementation markedly reduced the incidence of ROP, in comparison with placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% credible interval [95% CrI] 0.33, 0.85), fish oil-based lipid emulsion (OR = 0.57, 95% CrI 0.24, 0.90), early erythropoietin (OR = 0.51, 95% CrI 0.34, 0.98), probiotics (OR = 0.48, 95% CrI 0.32, 0.97), and human milk (OR = 0.50, 95% CrI 0.21, 0.78). Vitamin A supplementation has the highest probability of being the best option for reducing the ROP risk compared with the other 20 interventions based on its surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value (SUCRA = 92.50%, 95% CrI 0.71, 1.00). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that among 21 interventions, vitamin A supplementation might be the best method of preventing ROP. This NMA offers an important resource for further efforts to develop preventive strategies for ROP.

Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM), based on the scattering of single molecules at the interface, is a highly efficient analytical platform widely used in the fields of biology and chemistry. Due to the interference scattering, the imaging pattern exhibits typical parabolic tail and phase transition features, providing a quantitative means of observing the changes in the physical and chemical properties of single molecules. In this work, we reported another unique asymmetric parabolic distribution pattern resulting from polarization conversion in the experiment based on SPRM. This microscopic-level feature is derived from the switching between SPR resonant and nonresonant states. Starting from energy flux theory, we constructed an analysis model and conducted full-wave numerical simulations to verify the experimental results. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical rotation induced by chiral thin films can be directly measured through imaging with asymmetric features, providing valuable insights into the field of chiral materials. The quantitative interpretation of asymmetric scattering not only advances the fundamental understanding of the imaging mechanism of SPRM, but also opens up possibilities for utilizing this polarization-sensitive characteristic for single-particle detection and sensing in the future.

•Orelabrutinib exhibited a favorable efficacy and safety profile in patients with r/r MCL.•Overall response rate was 81.1%, with 27.4% achieving complete response and 53.8% achieving partial response.

Objective: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency was reported to contribute to the progression of Crohn’s disease (CD) and affect the prognosis of CD patients. This study investigated the role of serum VD, body mass index (BMI), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Methods: CD patients (n=76) and healthy subjects (n=76) were enrolled between May 2019 and December 2020. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, BMI, and TNF-α levels, together with other biochemical parameters, were assessed before treatment. The diagnostic efficacy of the single and joint detection of serum 25(OH)D, BMI, and TNF-α was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The levels of 25(OH) D, BMI, and nutritional indicators, including hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were much lower, and the TNF-α levels were much higher in the CD patients than in the healthy subjects (P<0.05 for all). The areas under the ROC curve for the single detection of 25(OH)D, BMI, and TNF-α were 0.887, 0.896, and 0.838, respectively, with the optimal cutoff values being 20.64 ng/mL, 19.77 kg/m2, and 6.85 fmol/mL, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the joint detection of 25(OH)D, BMI, and TNF-α was the highest, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.988 (95%CI: 0.968–1.000). Conclusion: The joint detection of 25(OH)D, TNF-α, and BMI showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in CD diagnosis; thus, it would be effective for the diagnosis of CD in clinical practice.

A unique transition-metal-free radical thiolation of 2-azaallyl anions has been developed. Easily accessible thiosulfonates and 2-azaallyls undergo the tandem process of single-electron transfer and radical–radical coupling to construct C(sp3)–S bonds. This robust protocol enables a mild and chemoselective coupling between 2-azaallyl anions and thiosulfonates to access α-amino sulfides in 50–92% yields (25 examples). The scalability of this protocol was demonstrated by telescopic gram-scale experiments. Mechanistic studies provide significant evidence for this radical thiolation reaction.

Objective: The first objective is to study the synergistic inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) formation by Laminarinpolysaccharides (DLP and SDLP, before and after sulfation) and potassium citrate (K3cit) and determine the synergistic protection of renal epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) caused by CaOx crystal damage. The second objective is to explore new ways to prevent and treat kidney stones. Methods: The CaOx crystals regulated by five additives (K3cit group, DLP group, SDLP group, DLP–K3cit synergistic group and SDLP–K3cit synergistic group) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, zeta potential, ICP, and TGA. The protective effect of each additive group on HK-2 cells damaged by nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate (nano-COM) was compared by detecting cell viability, the cell reactive oxygen species level, the cell survival rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results: When DLP or SDLP acted synergically with K3cit, the synergistic group induced the same amount of COD at a lower concentration or more COD formation at the same concentration, highlighting the synergistic enhancement effect of 1 + 1 > 2. At 0.3 g L−1, the COD contents induced by DLP, SDLP, K3cit, DLP–K3cit, and SDLP–K3cit synergistic groups were 20.3%, 75.8%, 75.4%, 87.3%, and 100%, respectively. The synergistic group increased the concentration of soluble Ca2+ions in the supernatant, increased the absolute value of the zeta potential on the surface of CaOx crystals, and inhibited the aggregation among the crystals. TGA and DTG analyses established the adsorption of polysaccharides in the crystals. Cell experiments showed the ability of the synergistic group to significantly inhibit the damage of nano-COM crystals on HK-2 cells, reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and mortality, and improve cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions: The synergistic group can more effectively induce COD formation and cell protection than the standalone polysaccharide group or K3cit group. The synergistic groups, especially SDLP–K3cit, may be a potential drug for inhibiting the formation of CaOx kidney stones.

BackgroundThe role of bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains debatable. Atrial fibrillation (AF) associated strokes may be associated with reduced treatment effect from IVT. This study compares the effect of bridging IVT in AF and non-AF patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study comprised anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) AIS patients receiving EVT alone or bridging IVT plus EVT within 6 hours of symptom onset. Primary outcome was good functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were successful reperfusion defined as expanded Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) grading ≥2b flow, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and in-hospital mortality.ResultsWe included 705 patients (314 AF and 391 non-AF patients). The mean age was 68.6 years and 53.9% were male. The odds of good functional outcomes with bridging IVT was higher in the non-AF (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.28, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.91, P=0.035) compared with the AF subgroups (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 0.89 to 4.01, P=0.097). However, this did not constitute a significant effect modification by the presence of AF on bridging IVT (interaction aOR 0.12, 95% CI −1.94 to 2.18, P=0.455). The rate of successful reperfusion, sICH, and mortality were similar between bridging IVT and EVT for both AF and non-AF patients.ConclusionThe presence of AF did not modify the treatment effect of bridging IVT. Further individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials may shed light on the comparative efficacy of bridging IVT in AF versus non-AF LVO strokes.

While increasing studies confirmed the adverse effects of indoor air pollution (IAP) on cardiopulmonary systems, less is known about the impact of IAP on child’s brain.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the caxis (αc= +491 × 10–6K–1), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10−2S cm−1.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous disease with dismal outcomes. We conducted an open-label, phase 2 nonrandomised, externally controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeted agents plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) (CHOPX) for PTCL in the front-line setting.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, it is widely believed that R-TFA and I-TFA may cause different biological effects. In the present study, we aim to elucidate the effect of mixed R-TFA derived from butter on the development of AS in high-fat diet-fed ApoE–/–mice and find the possible mechanism. It was shown that butter-derived R-TFA promoted dyslipidemia, reduced thoracic and abdominal aorta diameters, and induced aortic lipid deposition and atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE–/–mice. Meanwhile, butter-derived R-TFA affected the serum lipid profile of high-fat diet-fed ApoE–/–mice and the lipid metabolism of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through lipidomic techniques, we found that butter-derived R-TFA had a significant effect on the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that butter-derived R-TFA does not alleviate but promotes atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE–/–mice and that the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway plays a major role in this pro-atherosclerotic effect.

Herein is introduced the application of “super-electron-donor”(SED) 2-azaallyl anions in a tandem reduction/radical cyclization/radical coupling/aromatization protocol that enables the rapid construction of isoquinolines. The value of this transition-metal-free method is highlighted by the wide range of isoquinoline ethyl amines prepared with good functional group tolerance and yields. An operationally simple gram scale synthesis is also conducted, confirming the scalability.

Separation of acetylene(C2H2) from carbon dioxide(CO2) by adsorbents is very challenging owing to their high similarity on molecular shape and dimension. Exploring inexpensive and easily available porous materials is of importance to facilitate the practical implementation of the challenging but energy-efficient separation. Herein, we utilize an easily available porous material [Zn3(HCOO)6] for the selective separation of C2H2over CO2. Because of the pore confinement in [Zn3(HCOO)6](pore size of 0.47 nm) and accessible oxygen sites for preferential binding of C2H2, this material exhibits high low-pressure uptake for C2H2(63 cm3/cm3at 10 kPa and 298 K) and high C2H2/CO2selectivity(7.4 under ambient conditions) that is comparable to those of out-performing porous materials. The efficient separation of [Zn3(HCOO)6] for C2H2/CO2mixture has also been confirmed by the breakthrough experiments.

Heterogeneous hydrogenation of esters is a promising chemical process to produce alcohols. However, the selective hydrogenation of dibasic esters is still a challenge for both academia and industry. In this work, taking dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation as an example, we have performed microkinetic analysis to explain the trend in the dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation activity and methyl glycolate (MG) selectivity across Ag, Cu, Ni, and Ru, using C and O adsorption energies as two descriptors. Ag is identified to be the best elemental metal catalyst for MG production. An unsupervised machine learning method based on the bisecting k-means hierarchical clustering algorithm is employed to determine the stable adsorption configurations over 1482 A3B1and 741 A1B1alloys. Ag3Zn1, Ag3Sn1, and Ag3Mg1catalysts are selected as promising bimetallic catalyst candidates due to their enhanced catalytic performance and relatively low cost.

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the most common comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The occurrence of respiratory failure in COPD is common and leads to the patient's death. The diaphragm is the most important muscle in the respiratory system and plays a key role in the onset of respiratory failure. This study explores the feasibility of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to measure diaphragmatic stiffness and evaluates its changes in COPD patients. In total, 77 participants (43 patients with stable COPD and 34 healthy controls) were enrolled. All subjects underwent complete diaphragmatic ultrasound SWE measurements and pulmonary function tests. The diaphragmatic stiffness was indicated via diaphragmatic shear wave velocity (SWV) at functional residual capacity (FRC). A trained operator performed the ultrasound SWE examinations of the first 15 healthy controls thrice to assess the reliability of diaphragmatic SWE. A good to excellent reliability was found in diaphragmatic SWV at FRC (ICC = 0.93, 95%CI 0.82–0.98). As compared to the control group, the diaphragmatic SWV at FRC was considerably high in the COPD group (median 2.5 m/s versus 2.1 m/s, P= .008). Diaphragmatic SWV at FRC was linked to forced expiratory volume in one second (r= −0.30, P= .009), forced vital capacity (r= −0.33, P= .003), modified Medical Research Council score (r= 0.30, P= .001), and COPD assessment test score (r= 0.48, P< .001). Ultrasound SWE may be employed as an effective tool for quantitative evaluation of diaphragm stiffness and can help in personalized management of COPD, such as treatment guidance and follow‐up monitoring.

The cyclic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the 55Ni−23Cr−13Co nickel-based superalloy were studied at 750 °C under the strain amplitudes from 0.35% to 0.6%. Coffin−Manson−Basquin and Smith−Watson−Topper relationships were employed, which satisfactorily predicted the fatigue life of the alloy under various strain amplitudes. The superalloy showed an initial cyclic hardening as a result of the interaction between the dislocations and the precipitates, and following cyclic softening behavior mainly due to the shearing of the γ′ phase by dislocations and dislocations recovery under all strain amplitudes. Microstructure analyses showed that the M23C6carbides exhibited a continuous-chain distribution at lower strain amplitudes, while they showed a discontinuous distribution at higher strain amplitudes. As the strain amplitude increased, the size of the γ′ phase decreased as the consequence of repeated shearing by dislocations. Fracture mechanisms were analyzed. Under higher strain amplitudes, cavities preferred to form around grain boundaries.

To explore the clinical value of real‐time shear wave ultrasonic elastography in diagnosing the depth of infiltrating muscularis of endometrial cancer. Seventy‐one patients with stage I endometrial cancer infiltrating the myometrium and 37 patients with normal physical examination were enrolled and divided into three groups: endometrial cancer superficial muscle infiltration group, endometrial cancer deep muscle infiltration group, and normal control group. After completing 2‐dimensional ultrasound examination, each patient switched to the real‐time shear wave elastography mode to measure the elasticity values Emax, Emean, and Esd. For control group, comparison of elastic modulus values between superficial muscular layer near the intimal surface and the deep muscular layer near the serosa surface showed no difference (P > 0.05). For endometrial cancer superficial muscular infiltration group, significant difference was found regarding the elastic modulus values of infiltrated muscular layer and uninfiltrated muscular layer (Emax and Emean) without difference for Esd (P > 0.05). A significant difference of elastic modulus was observed between control group and deep myometrial infiltration group (P < 0.05) without difference of Emean or Emax but with difference of Esd. The accuracy in diagnosing muscular layer infiltration was 78.9% for Emax cutoff and 82.5% for Emean cutoff. The rate of using Emax ≥32.22 kPa or Emean ≥27.54 kPa as the ultrasound standard for diagnosing myometrium infiltration was 92.9%. The accuracy for the diagnosis of muscular layer infiltration was 96.1% for Emax cutoff, 94.1% for Emean cutoff and 86.3% for Esd cutoff. Real‐time shear wave elastography is helpful to determine the depth of infiltrating myometrium of endometrial cancer. Access the CME test hereand search by article title.

To address the problem of floating and aggregation of Ag–GNSs in the molten pool during the traditional reflow soldering process, Cu/SAC/Ag–GNSs/Cu sandwich joints were prepared under an applied current density (1.0×104A/cm2) for a few hundred milliseconds to produce Ag-coated graphene-reinforced Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC/Ag– GNSs) solder joints. The experimental results showed that Ag–GNSs were homogenously dispersed in the solder joints, providing more Cu6Sn5grain nucleation sites, which refined these grains and reduced the thickness difference at the anode and cathode. In addition, the Cu6Sn5morphology changed from rod-like to plate-shaped because of the uniform distribution of Ag–GNSs and constitutional supercooling. The significantly increased shear strength of the transient current bonding and the change in the fracture mechanism were due to the uniformly distributed Ag–GNSs and the microstructural changes.

Industrial pure titanium (TA2) and Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) have been widely available for chemical equipment. However, the corrosion resistance changes during their post-fire performance. In this research, the electrochemical properties of industrial pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V after heat treatment and different cooling methods were analyzed by AC impedance technique and dynamic polarization method. The results support two conclusions. Firstly, when the temperature is approximate to the phase transition point, for pure titanium and its alloys, water-cooling can obtain better corrosion resistance than air-cooling. With regard to pure titanium, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained at 800°C under water-cooling. For Ti-6Al-4V, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained when the temperature reached 910 °C under water cooling condition. Secondly, the corrosion current density under acid corrosion condition has risen compared with neutral corrosion condition. These results can provide some experimental data and theoretical basis for post-fire anticorrosion performance of titanium materials, and also support the safety, risk evaluation of titanium equipment.

Helix is a sophisticated structure in nature and has many unique functions which makes it possible to store more information and energy, even receive more sensitive signals. Besides, as an effective method for preparing hydrogel fibers, microfluidic spinning has achieved unprecedented development in the past decade. However, hydrogel fiber with helical structure has began to be studied only in recent years. In this paper, the helical hydrogel fibers were prepared by the microfluidic spinning method. The microfluidic chip was assembled by PDMS connector, collection tube, inner and outer channels. Sodium alginate (SA) and calcium chloride were used as the core fluid and sheath fluid, respectively. By designing and adjusting the length of the chip, changing the concentration of SA and the ratio of two flow rates (inner flow rate/outer flow rate), a continuous and uniform helical hydrogel fiber was prepared. The relationships between the diameter of the fiber, the pitch of the helix and the concentration of SA, the ratio of two flow rates were discussed. The results showed that the diameter of the fiber was mainly affected by the core fluid. Within a certain range, as the concentration of SA increased, the diameter of the fiber increased. Besides, the pitch of the helix was greatly affected by the flow rate of sheath fluid. As the velocity of the sheath fluid increased, the pitch of the fiber increased. Such helical fiber could be used in micro sensors when added some conductive materials or crosslinked with some temperature responsive polymers such as N-isopropylacrylamide.

Dysregulation of the long intergenic noncoding RNA 01315 (LINC01315) has recently been demonstrated in cancer. However, the role of LINC01315 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been determined. We attempted to determine the function of LINC01315 in PTC. The levels of LINC01315 were higher in thyroid carcinoma tissues and cell lines compared with that in noncancerous tissues or normal cells, respectively. LINC01315 knockdown significantly inhibited the in vitro colony formation and invasion of PTC cells. Upregulation of LINC01315 produced opposite effects. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays indicated direct binding of miR‐497‐5p to LINC01315. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays indicated that miR‐497‐5p acts as a suppressive miRNA in PTC. Furthermore, LINC01315 facilitated the growth and invasion of PTC cells by sponging miR‐497‐5p. Our results demonstrated the critical role of the LINC01315‐miR‐497‐5p axis in the growth and invasion of PTC cells.

In contrast with the well-developed radical thiol-ene reaction to access anti-Markovnikov-type products, the research on the catalytic Markovnikov-selective hydrothiolation of alkenes is very restricted. Because of the catalyst poisoning of metal catalysts by organosulfur compounds, limited examples of transition-metal-catalyzed thiol-ene reactions have been reported. However, in this work, a directing-group-assisted hydrothiolation of styrenes with thiols by photoredox/cobalt catalysis is found to proceed smoothly to afford Markovnikov-type sulfides with excellent regioselectivity.

Here we report a unique transition-metal-free C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H coupling of cycloalkanes at room temperature. Unactivated cycloalkanes and 2-azaallyls underwent the combination process of single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to deliver a wide variety of cycloalkane-functionalized products. This expedient approach enables C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H coupling of cycloalkanes under mild conditions without transition metals, initiators, and oxidants.

The inactivation of molybdenum carbide catalysts by water oxidation is a significant problem in the steam reforming of dimethyl ether (SRD) reaction. In this work, the catalytic performance and stability of molybdenum carbide are greatly improved by ceria modification. Ceria leads to the transformation of methoxy to formate instead of methyl formate, which accelerates the reaction, as identified using in situdiffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Moreover, the reactant water is preferentially dissociated on ceria and generates hydroxyl groups instead of being directly dissociated on molybdenum carbide. This reduces the long-time intimate contact of the hydroxyl groups with the molybdenum carbide and protects it from being deactivated by water oxidation. This study not only contributes to the research into molybdenum carbide catalysts for the SRD, but also provides a conceptual approach for overcoming the deactivation of carbide catalysts through oxidation in other similar environments.

PurposeWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the geographic distribution of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications of early and late AMD before September 2019. Studies were included if they applied a standardised photographic assessment and classification system. The proportion of participants with AMD in each eligible study was combined to obtain a pooled incidence from all studies using a random effects model. We also assessed sources of potential heterogeneity in the incidence of AMD using meta-regression analyses for both late and early AMD.ResultsTwenty-four population-based studies (70 123 individuals aged 55 years or older) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled global annual incidences of early and late AMD were 1.59% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.10%) and 0.19% (95% CI: 0.13% to 0.28%), respectively. Individuals of European descent had the highest annual incidence of both early (2.73%, 95% CI 1.63% to 4.57%) and late (0.36%, 95% CI 0.17% to 0.75%) AMD than other ethnic groups. Average age (p=0.001) at baseline, ethnicity (p=0.001), region (p=0.043) and gender (p=0.011) were predictors for incident late AMD, while only average age (p=0.01) at baseline and ethnicity (p=0.025) was associated with incidence of early AMD.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis offers an up-to-date overview of AMD globally, which may provide scientific guidance for the design and implementation of public health strategies such as screening programmes for AMD in both specific geographic locations and ethnic groups, as well as worldwide.

The kinetics of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation over Cu(111) and Cu2O(111) has been studied to understand the role of Cu0and Cu+sites in ethyl glycol (EG) production over Cu-based catalysts by the combination of density functional theory calculations and microkinetic analysis. The calculated results suggest that the presence of the Cu+sites would strengthen the binding of the reactants, products, and reaction intermediates to the substrate and thus promote the dissociation of DMO and H2. The Cu0sites are found to be beneficial to the hydrogenation of the acyl species whereas the Cu+sites are primarily responsible for the CH3OH formation. Microkinetic analysis indicates that the existence of the Cu+sites would increase the turnover frequency for the EG formation on Cu(111) by a factor of 20, under typical operating conditions. Hence, the excellent catalytic performance of the Cu-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of DMO to EG is attributed to the synergistic effect between the Cu0and Cu+sites, and a proper Cu0/Cu+molar ratio can dramatically improve the catalytic activity.

For the intelligence of metamaterials, the -sensing mechanism and programmable reaction units are two important components for self-recognition and -determination. However, their realization still face great challenges. Here, we propose a smart sensing metasurface to achieve self-defined functions in the framework of digital coding metamaterials. A sensing unit that can simultaneously process the sensing channel and realize phase-programmable capability is designed by integrating radio frequency (RF) power detector and PIN diodes. Four sensing units distributed on the metasurface aperture can detect the microwave incidences in the x- and y-polarizations, while the other elements can modulate the reflected phase patterns under the control of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). To validate the performance, three schemes containing six coding patterns are presented and simulated, after which two of them are measured, showing good agreements with designs. We envision that this work may motivate studies on smart metamaterials with high-level recognition and manipulation.

In this paper, we used the density functional theory calculations for analyzing the effect of the size of Pt clusters supported by CeO2(111) on the carbon deposition resistance during methane direct conversion in the absence of oxygen. We have adopted Pt cluster models with different coordination numbers, which are Pt1/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111), Pt3/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111), and Pt10/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111). The reaction mechanism for the nonoxidative direct conversion of methane to C2hydrocarbons includes two major processes: methane decomposition without oxygen participation (CH4* → C* + 4H*) and C–C nonoxidative coupling reaction (CHx* + CHx* → C2Hx*). On the one hand, the activation energy of CH* → C* + H* was the highest (1.94 eV) on the Pt1/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) compared with 1.61 eV on Pt3/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) and 1.17 eV on Pt10/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) illustrating that the trend for carbon deposition resistance is Pt1/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) > Pt3/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) > Pt10/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111). On the other hand, microkinetics analysis is used for C2hydrocarbon selectivity at 1248 K, and ethylene is the most abundant species on Pt1/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111) with the selectivity measured to be 92.65% followed by 6.77% of acetylene. On Pt3/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111), ethylene is the dominant species (63.97%) followed by acetylene (20.01%) and ethane (16.02%), and 6.01% of carbon deposited on the surface. On Pt10/Ce1–xPtxO2−δ(111), however, the converted methane almost all became coke (99.5%) that was deposited on the catalyst surface. So, with the kinetics and thermodynamics analysis, our results show that the methane nonoxidative direct conversion to C2hydrocarbons strongly depended on the metal size effect (i.e., structure-sensitivity), and the atomically dispersed Pt catalyst had both carbon deposition resistance and high selectivity.

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is a new type of polyurethane system, which using water instead of organic solvent as dispersing medium. Because of its non-toxicity and environmental safety, WPU is considered as the development direction of coatings and adhesives. However, the mechanical properties of WPU are worse than that of solvent-based polyurethane, therefore, the modification of WPU has received increasingly attention. Meanwhile numerous evidences demonstrate the excellent properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) such as high aspect ratio, low weight and outstanding mechanical strength. Therefore, there is a high expectation for CNFs to be introduced into WPU as reinforcing filler. In this work, a series of CNFs/WPU nanocomposite films were prepared by solution blending. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. SEM results showed that CNFs were evenly dispersed in the WPU matrix. Tensile tests indicated that the modulus and tensile strength of CNFs/WPU nanocomposite films were improved compared with the neat film. While the break elongation of the nanocomposite films decreased with the increase of CNFs content. The synergistic interaction between CNFs and WPU matrix plays an important role in the enhancement of mechanical properties.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy technology has broad application prospects in food safety, environmental monitoring, surface science and material analysis because of the characteristics of ultra-high sensitivity and non-destructive testing. However, there are still some challenges in the preparation of SERS substrates. As SERS substrates, the common colloidal noble metal nanoparticles usually show low storage stability and poor repeatability of analytical results. In order to overcome these limitations, a coaxial microfluidic spinning device was designed to prepare flexible SERS substrates in this paper. Based on the microfluidic spinning and subsequent in-situ reduction reaction of AgNO3, novel gel fibers uniformly loaded with AgNPs were successfully prepared. The effects of the concentration of AgNO3 solution and UV irradiation duration on the formation of AgNPs were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the average particle size was about 2.7 nm. The gel fibers loaded with AgNPs were used as SERS substrates to detect 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), which showed obvious Raman enhancement effect and good repeatability. The relative standard deviation of 10 test results was 4.75%, and the detection line range was 10-14-10-5 mol·L-1.

Polyurethane (PU) superfine fiber leathers have been widely used in people's life. However, the flammability brings potential risks to their application. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the flame retardant modification of PU leathers. In the 1980s, researchers found that some brominated flame retardants produced dioxins during combustion. In 2007, the EU began implementing the REACH regulation, which restricted the use of certain halogenated flame retardants, so a majority of studies focused on halogen-free flame retardant modification. In addition, the halogen-free flame retardant PU should own a better alkali resistance, because alkali treatment is needed in the forming process of the superfine fiber leather. In this paper, two different halogen-free flame retardants were blended with solvent-based PU. The flame retardant properties and alkali resistance of the flame retardant PU were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning (UL-94) test, and thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). It was found that BY-90 system flame retardant could be uniformly dispersed in the PU matrix. And when its additive volume was 27%, the LOI value of the flame retardant PU was 27.1%, the vertical burning test could reach V-0 level. Moreover, it also had good alkali resistance. The LOI value remained at 26.1% after the alkali treatment at 90 °C for 40 min in the 30g/L NaOH solution.

Exohedral cuprofullerenes with 6-, 12-, or 24-nuclearity were obtained by utilizing fluorocarboxylic/dicarboxylic acid under solvothermal conditions. The 24-nuclear molecule presents a C60@Cu24core–shell structure with a rhombicuboctahedron Cu24coated on the C60core, representing the highest nuclearity in metallofullerene. The resultant complexes show an efficient absorption of visible light as opposed to the pristine C60. TD-DFT calculations revealed the charge transfer from Cu(I) and O atoms to the fullerene moiety dominates the photophysical process.