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This research aims to investigate the simulation of a pilot-scale photocatalytic reactor based on cobalt-doped ZnO films, where the photocatalyst films were initially assessed on a lab scale for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. ZnO and cobalt-doped ZnO catalyst films were firstly synthesized by means of the spray pyrolysis technique. The catalyst films were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and diffuse spectroscopy (EDS) (DRS). The lattice parameters of cobalt-doped ZnO films, as well as their bandgap values and structures, have been computed applying the density functional theory (DFT). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to assess the effect of the main operating parameters (contact time, RhB concentration, and cobalt doping percentage) on the photocatalytic activity that achieved 93% using 10% of cobalt doping ZnO within 120 min. Aspen Plus was used to model and design the photocatalysis process at the pilot scale based on the lab-scale results. The findings of this study suggest that cobalt-doped ZnO films could be effectively used for the photodegradation of organic pollutants and offer potential perspectives on their large-scale application for the treatment of real liquid effluents using solar light.

Batch reverse osmosis (RO) is a recent emerging configuration for membrane desalination, which has the potential to reduce specific energy consumption (SEC) compared to continuous RO. In our study, we seek to explore the impact of different pressure profiles and process parameters on the batch RO behavior, and optimize the pressure profile to minimize SEC. The modeling and optimization were conducted based on our previously developed model implemented with differential evolution optimization code on Python. Three pressure different pressure profiles were considered to investigate batch RO behavior. For each pressure profile, the impact of feed salinity, feed volume, energy recovery device efficiency and pump efficiency on the batch RO energetic performance was examined. Results show that the process energetics and behavior depend directly on the applied pressure profile, which can be optimized for minimal energy use. Consequently, the batch RO under time-dependent flux also holds promising energy-saving potential. Interestingly, it was revealed that process parameters also affect the batch RO process energetics differently depending on the applied pressure profile.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis may be isolated or associated with other midline anomalies. The aim of the study was to describe the measurements and features of the interorbital structure and midface in congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. The computed tomography scans of eight patients (two girls and six boys) were retrospectively reviewed. Several distances were obtained at the orbital and midface levels and compared with normative data. The average width of the pyriform aperture was 5.5 mm ± 1.6, and there was overgrowth of the pyriform aperture rim (nasal process of the maxilla). No skeletal anomalies were present other than the congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. It was associated with a single median maxillary central incisor in two cases. The anterior and lateral interorbital distances were normal (17.4 mm and 65.4 mm, respectively). The midface was not hypoplastic. There was no brain malformation. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis is a localized dysostosis of the pyriform aperture rim without interorbital or midface hypoplasia. It may be associated with a single median maxillary central incisor but cannot be viewed as a minor form of holoprosencephaly.

We consider a dual labor markets model in which the primary sector requires the presence of eMiciency wage, while the secondary sector is competitive. We show that the Solow condition does not hold in a Stackelberg equilibrium where the primary sector acts as a leader and the secondary one as a follower.[J41]

We consider a dual labor markets model in which the primary sector requires the presence of efficiency wage, while the secondary sector is competitive. We show that the Solow condition does not hold in a Stackelberg equilibrium where the primary sector acts as a leader and the secondary one as a follower. [J41]

We investigate the ground-state wave function for an explicit model of electronsin an external magnetic field with specific interparticle interactions. The excitationstates of this model are also given.

For a two-dimensional system of electronsdescribed by a Hamiltonian involving two- and three-bodyinteractions and an external transverse magnetic field,we construct the Uq[sl(2)] quantum algebra,where the deformation parameter q is related to thefilling factor υ. We show that the Laughlin statesform a representation of this algebra.

We show that the degree of degeneracy of aone-electron system on the surface of a sphere, in thelowest Landau level, can be obtained in a consistent wayusing the cyclic irreducible representation of the quantum group Uq(sl(2)). Theallowed degree of degeneracy arises naturally from theproperties of this representation when q is a root ofunity.

By investigating the gap equation defining thefull electron propagator in the framework of (2 +1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics, we derive thefractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factors υ = 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 1/9. In particular, thevalue υ = 1/2 emerges as the lowest order of thedevelopment of this gap equation.

Purpose:To assess the frequency of retinopathy and vision loss in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their relations to potentially modifiable risk factors.

The gap equation for the electron self-energyfunction is considered in the framework of (2 +1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. The fillingfactor upsilon for the quantum Hall effect is related to a free parameter λ by considering thedevelopment of the gap equation. The latter is shown tobe expandable in the power series ofm2/p2, with p being the modulus ofthe momentum of a single Hall electron and m its physical mass.