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Graphical Abstract: Nanoparticles targeting to the tumor site, pH-specific release of PTX and PD-L1 siRNA by dual-loaded fabricated nanoparticles within tumor cells for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy.

We have designed, synthesized, and characterized a donor–acceptor triad, SPS-PPY-C60, that consists of a π-interacting phenothiazine-linked porphyrin as a donor and sensitizer and fullerene as an acceptor to seek charge separation upon photoexcitation. The optical absorption spectrum revealed red-shifted Soret and Q-bands of porphyrin due to charge transfer-type interactions involving the two ethynyl bridges carrying electron-rich and electron-poor substituents. The redox properties suggested that the phenothiazine-porphyrin part of the molecule is easier to oxidize and the fullerene part is easier to reduce. DFT calculations supported the redox properties wherein the electron density of the highest molecular orbital (HOMO) was distributed over the donor phenothiazine-porphyrin entity while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was distributed over the fullerene acceptor. TD-DFT studies suggested the involvement of both the S2and S1states in the charge transfer process. The steady-state emission spectrum, when excited either at porphyrin Soret or visible band absorption maxima, revealed quenched emission both in nonpolar and polar solvents, suggesting the occurrence of excited state events. Finally, femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies were performed to witness the charge separation by utilizing solvents of different polarities. The transient data was further analyzed by GloTarAn by fitting the data with appropriate models to describe photochemical events. From this, the average lifetime of the charge-separated state calculated was found to be 169 ps in benzonitrile, 319 ps in dichlorobenzene, 1.7 ns in toluene for Soret band excitation, and ∼320 ps for Q-band excitation in benzonitrile.

Nanosized mesoporous silica has emerged as a promising flexible platform delivering siRNA for cancer treatment. This ordered mesoporous nanosized silica provides attractive features of well-defined and tunable porosity, structure, high payload, and multiple functionalizations for targeted delivery and increasing biocompatibility over other polymeric nanocarriers. Moreover, it also overcomes the lacunae associated with traditional administration of drugs. Chemically modified porous silica matrix efficiently entraps siRNA molecules and prevents their enzymatic degradation and premature release. This Review discusses the synthesis of silica using the sol–gel approach and the advantages with different silica mesostructure. Herein, the factors affecting the synthesis of silica at nanometer scale, shape, porosity and nanoparticle surface modification are also highlighted to attain the desired nanostructured silica carriers. Additional emphasis is given to chemically modified silica delivering siRNA, where the silica nanoparticle surface was modified with different chemical moieties such as amine modified with (3-aminoropyl) triethoxysilane, polyethylenimine, chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol), and cyclodextrin polymer modification to attain high therapeutic loading, improved dispersibility and biocompatibility. Upon systemic administration, ordered mesoporous nanosized silica encounters blood cells, immune cells, and organs mainly of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Thereby, biocompatibility and biodistribution of silica based nanocarriers are deliberated to design principles for smart and efficacious nanostructured silica-siRNA carriers and their clinical trial status. This Review further reports the future scopes and challenges for developing silica nanomaterial as a promising siRNA delivery vehicle demanding FDA approval.

Wireless connectivity may not be available in congested locations (such as concerts or conference-halls) or may be interrupted by infrastructure outages caused by earthquakes and tsunamis. They are the great boon when it comes to device-to-device communication based on technologies like Wi-Fi-Direct and Bluetooth. However, no existing research builds a fully functional communication system which is local in nature, nor does it consider how the user mobility can be supported. A fuzzy logic-based normalised quantitative decision (FNQD) approach was proposed by the recent researchers, but it is suffering with the distance coverage among the communicating devices. We put forward an intragroup communication solution for local setup without the interference of any external network support. We propose a Bluetooth and Wi-Fi-Direct (Wifi_BL) system that improves the distance coverage obtained from the existing fuzzy logic-based normalised quantitative decisions. The proposed Wifi_BL system attains better distance coverage over the existing FNQD.

Bullying victimization is a pervasive problem nationwide and is related to students’ psychological distress, including increased loneliness, anxiety, depression, helplessness, and suicidal behaviors. Importantly, not all students respond to peer victimization in the same way. This study examined the effectiveness of students’ coping strategies in response to bullying as a function of their grade level, gender, and form of victimization. Students in grades five through twelve (N= 2627) completed surveys assessing coping strategy effectiveness and associated emotional distress related to self-reported peer victimization. In general, findings indicated that the most effective coping strategies in response to bullying victimization were support-seeking strategies, use of humor, and cognitive restructuring. However, effectiveness for all strategies (with the exception of peer support) varied by grade level, gender, and form of victimization. Strategies were also more effective for relational victimization than they were for physical victimization. Moreover, although students identified several effective coping strategies, only the use of cognitive restructuring was related to lower levels of associated emotional distress, an important component of effective coping. As such, bullying prevention programs should target students’ psychological processes in developing effective interventions. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.

The injudicious use of synthetic agri-inputs has adversely influenced the soil fertility in tropical and subtropical agriculture with depleted reserves of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) Assessing dynamics of these nutrient elements and their impacts on crop productivity in irrigated semi-arid cropping systems are immensely influenced by the climate induced crop nutrient responses. Therefore, to comprehend the fundamental mechanisms that govern the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in diverse nutrient management systems is crucial for understanding the effects of climate-induced variations in nutrient availability on crop yield. In this study, surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were collected from four different sources: 100% organic sources (T1), 75% organic + 25% inorganic sources (T2), 50% organic + 50% inorganic sources (T3), and 100% inorganic sources (T4). The samples were then subjected to analysis for C and N dynamics, along with C sequestration potential. The data was collected from the following cropping systems; rice-wheat-sesbania (CS1) and rice-barley-green gram (CS2). The soil potential for C sequestration exhibited a range of 0.18 to 0.02 Mg C ha− 1yr− 1in CS1and 0.17 to 0.03 Mg C ha− 1yr− 1in CS2, respectively, across the soil nutrient treatments. The long-term addition of organic sources in organic ameliorations with or without inorganic fertilizers significantly enhanced active carbon and nitrogen pools compared to 100% inorganic nutrient treatment in both the cropping systems. The ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen extracted from inorganic nutrient treated soils were higher than that of organic treatments. Subsequently, soils amended with organics had superior biological quality in terms of higher MBC, PmOC and MBN than other treatments. The higher sustainability yield index (~ 0.79) was recorded in organically amended soil among the cropping systems. The research findings demonstrate that the continuous incorporation of organic amendments for long-term is a beneficial approach for improving the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen in tropical soils.

With the increase in population and running valuable time, the demand for cars has skyrocketed creating an unprecedented condition in spite of traffic risks and road collisions. The crashes are growing at an unprecedented pace; hence, they cause death. Since Machine Learning has taken over, previously complex problems have become feasible due to the promising real-life applications of these models. A learning model that learns over an image dataset, thereby classifying never-before-seen images and data based on the level of damage, has been proposed in this paper. The artificial neural network is used to train the model and to learn the similarities among images and accident data. The proposed solution is efficient as it was tried to improve the efficiency and accuracy of finding the polarity of images for the same order of dataset as compared to the existing work.

Nanotechnology deals with particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size called as nanoparticles. These nano particles exhibit unique properties which find an application in many industries and medical fields. A growing body of evidence points out the newer developing technologies adopted in the field of medicine in terms of target therapies, imaging systems, drug deliveries, etc. is through the incorporation of nanoparticles. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained attention in the last decade due to exceptional properties such as redox activity, biofilm inhibition, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. The method of synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles plays a pivotal role in its application. It exhibits redox properties and catalytic activity and thus has found its use in biomedical applications. Nanoparticles are incorporated into dental materials such as restorative cements/sealants, adhesives, and denture systems to improve their properties. Among the various metal oxide nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are known to exhibit lower toxicity to mammalian cells and possess unique antibacterial mechanism. In addition, they exhibit potent properties such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activities, and functions as an immunosensor. CeO2NPs have excellent scavenging properties for reactive oxygen species, which is why they are being considered for therapeutic purposes. In this review, various methods of synthesis of CeO2NPs are discussed. Several factors that determine the particle size and morphology of these materials are important for biomedical and dental applications. Emphasis is given to preparation methods and variables such as calcination temperature, which have a profound effect on particle size and morphology. This article also presents various applications of CeO2NPs in the biomedical and dental fields.

The appropriate duration of postoperative antibiotics for complex appendicitis is unclear. The increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance warrants restrictive antibiotic use, which could also reduce side-effects, length of hospital stay, and costs.

Scarce information is available on long-term organic nutrient management practices on soil sulphur (S) fractions, their relationship with various soil physico-chemical properties and crop yield, and sulphur availability indices. Hence, the leading objectives of the present investigation were to assess long-term (13 years) organic nutrient fertilization on: (i) different soil S fractions in surface soil and (ii) relationship of S fractions with different soil properties along with S availability index. Treatments were control (no organic manures applied), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), FYM + crop residue (CR), VC + CR, FYM + CR + biofertilizers (BF), and VC + CR + BF applied in rice–wheat-mungbean (RWMCS) and rice–wheat (RWCS) cropping systems. The experiment was executed in strip plot design with three replications. The available S, water soluble S, heat soluble S, adsorbed S, organic S, and total S fractions were analyzed in 0–15 cm soil layer. In addition, correlation and regression equations of soil S fractions with different soil properties and rice yield were developed. Results affirmed that treatments receiving vermicompost (VC) either alone or in combination with crop residues and biofertilizers (VC + CR and VC + CR + BF) recorded 44%, 70%, and 73% higher available S over the control in RWMCS, respectively. Further, integrated application of organic amendments in FYM + CR, VC + CR, FYM + CR + BF, and VC + CR + BF treatments found superior in respect of water soluble S (WSS), organic S (OS), total S (TS), and sulphur availability index (SAI) over the unfertilized control plots as well as FYM and VC alone treated plots in both the cropping systems. The adsorbed S (NaHCO3extractable S) ranged from 43.59 to 51.58 mg kg−1and 39.84 to 48.34 mg kg−1in RWMCS and RWCS, respectively. Plots treated with FYM + CR and VC + CR treatments recorded significant highest (153.6 and 155.7 mg pNPg−1soil h−1) arylsulfatase activity in RWMCS and RWCS, respectively. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay content had significant positive correlation with all the sulphur fractions and rice yield in both the cropping systems. Treatments with integrated application of organic nutrient sources had higher SOC: OS and SOC: TS ratio than control plots. Overall, the integrated application of organic nutrient sources in FYM + CR + BF and VC + CR + BF treatments not only had higher sulphur fractions and SAI in surface soil but also had better rice yield than manures alone treatments and hence should be adopted under organic farming.

Brain tumors are developed as a result of unregulated and fast cell proliferation. It may result in death if not treated in the early stages. The imaging technology used to diagnose brain tumors is known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Early detection of brain tumors is critical in medical practise in order to determine whether the tumor will progress to malignancy. For picture categorization, deep learning is a useful and effective method. Deep learning has been widely used in a variety of sectors, including medical imaging, because its application does not necessitate the expertise of a subject matter expert, but does necessitate a large amount of data and a variety of data in order to produce accurate classification results. The deep learning technique for image categorization is the convolutional neural network (CNN).In this research work , two different models are used to categorize brain tumors and their results were evaluated using performance metrics like accuracy and precision and the results were impressive

This is the first prospective multi-institutional study of PFUI. We found no difference in stricture rate between patients treated with primary realignment and SPT with delayed urethroplasty.

Background:Living in low-income neighbourhoods and being an immigrant are each independently associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, but it is unknown if disparities exist in the neonatal period for children of immigrant and nonimmigrant females living in low-income areas. We sought to compare the risk of severe neonatal morbidity and mortality (SNMM) between newborns of immigrant and nonimmigrant mothers who resided in low-income neighbourhoods.Methods:This population-based cohort study used administrative data for females residing in low-income urban neighbourhoods in Ontario, who had an in-hospital, singleton live birth at 20–42 weeks’ gestation, from 2002 to 2019. We defined immigrant status as nonrefugee immigrant or nonimmigrant, further detailed by country of birth and duration of residence in Ontario. The primary outcome was a SNMM composite (with 16 diagnoses, including neonatal death and 7 neonatal procedures as indicators), arising within 0–27 days after birth. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using modified Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations.Results:Our cohort included 148 050 and 266 191 live births among immigrant and nonimmigrant mothers, respectively. Compared with newborns of non-immigrant females, SNMM was less frequent among newborns of immigrant females (49.7 v. 65.6 per 1000 live births), with an adjusted RR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.79). The most frequent SNMM indicator was receipt of ventilatory support. Relative to neonates of nonimmigrant females, the risk of SNMM was highest among those of immigrants from Jamaica (adjusted RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.23) and Ghana (adjusted RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38), and lowest among those of immigrants from China (adjusted RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.48). Among immigrants, the risk of SNMM declined with shorter duration of residence before the index birth.Interpretation:Within low-income urban areas, newborns of immigrant females had an overall lower risk of SNMM than those of nonimmigrant females, with considerable variation by maternal birthplace and duration of residence. Initiatives should focus on improving preconception health and perinatal care within subgroups of females residing in low-income neighbourhoods.

Background and Objective: Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) approved for treatment of focal epilepsy in adults. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of cenobamate in adult and pre- and postnatal rats, including pregnant and lactating females and nursing pups. Methods: Distribution, metabolic, and excretion profiles were determined for 14C-labeled and unlabeled cenobamate using liquid scintillation counting, radiochromatography, LCMS, and LCMS/MS after oral or intravenous (IV) administration. Results: Distribution of 14C-cenobamate-related material in adult male rats was widespread throughout the body, with nearly 1:1 tissue-to-plasma ratios observed for most tissues, including brain. Cenobamate administered to pregnant females was also transferred across the placental barrier into amniotic fluid and fetal plasma. Following administration to lactating F0females, cenobamate was detected in breast milk and in plasma of nursing pups. 14C-cenobamate administered to adult male rats as a single oral dose was extensively metabolized with nine metabolites identified in urine and feces, including a principal dihydrodiol metabolite. Cenobamate was the principal drug-related material in rat plasma. Following a single dose of 14C-cenobamate to male and female rats, radioactivity was excreted equally into urine and feces, with mass balance achieved by 48 h postdose. Conclusions: Distribution of cenobamate was widespread into many rat tissues, including brain, amniotic fluid, fetal plasma, breast milk, and breastfeeding rat pups. These distribution findings, along with the results of the metabolism and excretion studies, may help inform treatment decisions for patients with epilepsy being treated with cenobamate, including pregnant or nursing mothers.

Crop disease in the agricultural is the main factor limiting yield and food quality. It requires timely diagnosis of crop illnesses for the better economy developing country. Manual crop illness assessment is limited due to lesser accuracy and restricted accessibility. It is very difficult to accurately identify and classify plant diseases due to corrupt in the data samples, lesser intensity of foreground and background, and the extreme similarity between unhealthy and healthy leaves in terms of colouring and size of crop leaves. Hence the employments of automated and computerised optimisations are needed. To identify plant leaf diseases, a DNSVM classification strategy fusing DenseNet-201 with support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this work. Plant-Village dataset that provides good-variations, colour-differences, differences in orientation and size-of-leaves. Sugarcane plants-leaves were used for performance analysis of proposed model and obtained 97.78% of classification accuracy over the existing DenseNet-121-based classifier model (94%).

Maintaining water quality in aquatic habitats is critical for the health of aquatic species, particularly fish. This study pioneers an innovative method to water quality classification, leveraging IoT-driven data acquisition and meticulous data labelling with the Aqua-Enviro Index (AEI) by considering the fish habitats. Existing mechanisms fail to capture complex temporal dynamics and depend largely on large amounts of labelled data, exposing fundamental limits. In response, we describe the Deep learning based Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit Tempo Fusion Network (CGTFN) model, which represents a considerable development in the evaluation of water quality. The model addresses these restrictions by seamlessly merging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for spatial pattern recognition and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) for temporal interactions. The Tempo Fusion mechanism combines spatial, temporal, and contextual data harmoniously, allowing for more sophisticated classifications by recognizing subtle interdependencies among environmental elements. The pioneering CGTFN model outperforms previous models, achieving 99.71 and 99.81% accuracy on both public-env and real-time-env datasets, respectively, exceeding established models at 98.2%. These remarkable findings highlight CGTFN’s disruptive potential in water quality evaluation, bridging the gap between technology and environmental management, with ramifications ranging from aquaculture to resource sustainability.

This is a study of long-term nutrient management and cropping systems on depth-wise distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, SOC sequestration and accumulation, and their appositeness with soil quality to figure out the present and future research approaches. Depth-wise soil samples from 0 to 60 cm soil profile (at 15 cm interval) were collected after 13 years of experiment to assess labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) pools, total organic carbon, SOC sequestration, and accumulation rates. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with 100% organic nutrient management, 100% inorganic, and integrated nutrient management practices in columns and four cropping systems, i.e., CS1(Basmati rice–wheat-sesbania), CS2(maize-potato-okra + sesbania), CS3(rice-barley-green gram), and CS4(maize-mustard-sesbania) in rows. The 100% organic treatment recorded 23.35% higher SOC over 100% inorganic treatment, irrespective of cropping systems. Addition of 100% organic nutrient treatment in CS3showed highest carbon accumulation (32.0 Mg C ha−1) and carbon sequestration rate (1.52 Mg C ha−1year−1). Furthermore, in terms of sensitivity index (SI), water-soluble C (WSC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were highly sensitive to different nutrient management practices. Similarly, carbon management index (CMI) was in the order of organic > integrated > inorganic. Overall, the rice-barley-green gram (CS3) cropping sequence with 100% organic nutrient management practices not only had higher C sequestration and accumulation in surface and deep soil layers, but also had better SOC pools and ~ 33% greater CMI than 100% inorganic treatment in surface soil. Therefore, inclusion of legume crops along with organic nutrient sources could be considered an effective system to maintain the future soil quality and productivity of the studied soil where intensive cultivation is predominated.

Development of efficient deep blue fluorophore with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE)y value <0.1 is of great importance for display technology. Herein, we designed and synthesized a thermally stable deep blue emissive material 3-(2-(4′′-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (MCNPIBI) by integrating moderate donor and acceptor, namely, phenanthroimidazole (PI) and benzimidazole with cyanophenyl (-CN) group at N1 position of the PI to tune the CT component in the excited states. The systematic theoretical and photophysical study reveals the MCNPIBI with hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited states. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation suggests that the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process in MCNPIBI occurs from high-lying triplet states to a singlet state. Furthermore, the synthesized deep blue emissive materials were employed as dopants in multilayer organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices, thus resulting in deep-blue electroluminescence (EL) with an emission wavelength of 447 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08), which are close to the standard values for blue emitters, as suggested by NTSC (0.14, 0.08). The OLED device displays a maximum current efficiency of 2.78 cd A−1, a maximum power efficiency of 1.94 lm W−1, and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.69%, respectively. In addition, the OLED device has a low turn in voltage of 3.8 V.

Background:Children in out-of-home care (OOHC) experience poor mental health. With the number of Australian children in OOHC rising, accessible and effective interventions are needed to address this escalating predicament. South Western Sydney Child & Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) collaborated with the local statutory child protection agency, developing a specialized assertive mental health team supporting children in OOHC (OOHC MHT). This study outlines the characteristics of the first cohort of children referred to the OOHC MHT and the impact of intervention in improving outcomes, warranting ongoing provision of this service. Methodology:A two-part study was used to compare the psychosocial and emotional wellbeing of children referred to the OOHC MHT (OOHC group) against CAMHS-referred children who had not experienced OOHC (Control group). Evaluation of the OOHC MHT’s intervention was conducted by measuring Health of the Nation Outcome Scale-Child and Adolescent (HoNOSCA) and Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) scores over the first year of treatment. Results:The OOHC group demonstrated significantly higher levels of emotional, behavioural and social problems compared to the control group through their HoNOSCA score on admission (OOHC Group: M = 24.9; SD= 5.3, Control Group: M = 16.7; SD= 5.7; p= .001) and CGAS (OOHC Group: M = 40.5; SD= 7.9, Control Group: M = 50.3; SD = 7.9; p= .001). Significant improvements in the OOHC group’s HoNOSCA (T1 = 24.9, T3 = 17.0) and CGAS (T1 = 40.5, T3 = 52.8) measures were observed over the first year of treatment. Conclusion:Children in OOHC referred to CAMHS present with poorer mental health and psychosocial functioning than referred children who have not experienced OOHC. Assertive intervention was associated with improvement in social, emotional and behavioural problems and reduction in psychosocial impairment, suggesting the benefit of such an intervention both state-wide, and nationally.

Young people in Out of Home Care (OoHC) have complex mental health and psychosocial needs due to a range of individual, systemic and intergenerational factors that may limit the effectiveness of usual clinic-based services. To address this, in 2017 an assertive-integrated service (AIS) model of care was adopted by the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Australia, through outreach to the young person in the community. This paper outlines the study protocol comparing AIS with clinic-based CAMHS usual care to meet the physical, mental health and wellbeing needs of young people in OoHC. Using routinely collected outcome data, the AIS model will be compared to clinic-based CAMHS treatment as usual care. Measures of overall functioning (e.g. Global Assessment Scale [CGAS]), psychological functioning (e.g. Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]), general health and social functioning (e.g. Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents [HoNOSCA]) and other relevant socio-demographic and clinical variables will be collected at intake and at 3-month intervals until discharge from the respective services. Semi-structured interviews will also be conducted with young people, their carers, and service providers, to examine qualitative themes about the suitability of service provision. It is expected that a better understanding of the key indicators of functioning for young people accessing AIS and clinic-based services will help inform what works for these young people so that they can receive targeted and tailored support from the start of service engagement.

Developing solution-processable deep-blue emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still a challenging task. In this context, two new solution-processable deep-blue emitters, N, N-diphenyl-4’-(1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-amine(4-PIMCFTPA) and 4’-(4,5-diphenyl-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-amine (4-BICFTPA), were successfully designed and synthesized by incorporating phenanthroimidazole (PI)/diphenylimidazole (BI)-triphenylamine (TPA), which is functional at the N1 position of the imidazole, with  Ph-mCF3. The thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of both fluorophores were systematically explored. These fluorophores showed a deep-blue emission in the solution as well as in the solid state. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) – lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the fluorophores was calculated using electrochemical studies and compared with the theoretical calculation [the density functional theory (DFT)]. The asymmetrically twisted conformation of 4-PIMCFTPA between PI-TPA efficiently showed a high photoluminescence quantum yield. OLED (undoped and doped) devices were fabricated with the newly synthesized emitters, and 4-PIMCFTPA demonstrated better electroluminescence (EL) performance than the BI-based emitter. Thus, the OLED based on 4-PIMCFTPA (1 wt% in the CBP host) had the best EL performance, with a maximum external quantum efficiency 1.7% and CIE coordinates of (0.17, 0.06).

The conventional method of taking attendance by calling names or signing is a very tedious and insecure process with loopholes, like missing records, paper consumption, etc. To overcome such difficulties, an echo-based attendance system is proposed in this paper, which provides an effective and efficient way of recording and maintaining the attendance of students on a daily basis. The attendance is recorded for an echo-receiving device (microphone) from an echo-sending device (speaker) and all the records are saved in a real-time cloud database. Data is encoded in unique frequency at the transmitter's end and sent over sound, which is then decoded at the receiver's end and attendance is marked in the database. The process is one-shot, where each receiver's attendance is marked simultaneously, unlike the existing autonomous attendance systems. The proposed system uses liquid software-defined radio digital signal processing (DSR) to transmit data from the transmitter's end and to process received data at the receiver's end. This abolishes capturing the specimen of students (like fingerprints, facial images), required for the dataset to train the model in case of other autonomous attendance systems and hence, saves time and effort by completely eliminating human intervention and ensures high reliability as well.

This paper presents a new intelligent controller by inspiring the mammalian brain connections with various internal parts. Cerebrum, Cerebellum and brain stem are modeled to develop a new intelligent control scheme. There is a modular connection between Cerebellum and Cerebrum with deep nuclei and red nuclei that passes through brain stem to send an action signal. A computational model is developed by inspiring connections and named as Multi Modular Joint-Brain controller (MMJ-BC). The proposed MMJ-BC controller effectiveness is validated by applying on nonlinear dynamical systems such as position control of Aircraft system and speed control of Brushless DC motor. MMJ-BC performance has been analyzed under various operating conditions and obtained results are verified by comparing with the performance of existing Cerebrum (BELBIC) and with Cerebellum based controllers. The results demonstrates excellent performance and capable to withstand under different operating conditions.

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) represents an insidious, autoimmune-mediated disease of the conjunctiva, initially presenting as chronic conjunctivitis and progressing to fibrosis, cicatrization, and eventually blindness secondary to corneal keratinization. This series reports 3 cases presenting with chronic conjunctivitis lasting an average of 10 years without cicatrix formation, ultimately diagnosed as OCP based on direct immunofluorescence of conjunctival biopsy samples. This chronic conjunctivitis without fibrosis suggests the possibility of an OCP subtype with a prolonged early stage or prodrome prior to cicatrization, which may benefit from early diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications of this disease.This series consists of 3 cases of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid diagnosed via direct immunofluorescence presenting as recalcitrant conjunctivitis for an average of 10 years without development of cicatrix.

Background: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) using national registries influences cancer clinical trial design, treatment guidelines, and patient management. However, the extent to which treatment selection bias (TSB) affects overall survival (OS) in cancer CER remains poorly defined. We sought to quantify the TSB effect on OS in the setting of low-risk prostate cancer, where 10-year prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) approaches 100% regardless of treatment modality. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients with low-risk prostate cancer (cT1-T2a, PSA &lt; 10, and Gleason 6) who received radical prostatectomy (RP), brachytherapy (BT), or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) from 2005 to 2015. The TSB effect was defined as the unadjusted 10-year OS difference between modalities that was not due to differences in PCSS. Propensity score matching was used to estimate the TSB effect on OS due to measured confounders (variables present in the database and associated with OS) and unmeasured confounders. Results: A total of 50,804 patients were included (8845 RP; 18,252 BT; 23,707 EBRT) with a median follow-up of 7.4 years. The 10-year PCSS for the entire cohort was 99%. The 10-year OS was 92.9% for RP, 83.6% for BT, and 76.9% for EBRT (p&lt; 0.001). OS differences persisted after propensity score matching of RP vs. EBRT (7.4%), RP vs. BT (4.6%), and BT vs. EBRT (3.7%) (all p&lt; 0.001). The TSB effect on 10-year OS was estimated to be 15.0% for RP vs. EBRT (8.6% measured, 6.4% unmeasured), 8.5% for RP vs. BT (4.8% measured, 3.7% unmeasured), and 6.5% for BT vs. EBRT (3.1% measured, 3.4% unmeasured). Conclusions: Patients with low-risk prostate cancer selected for RP exhibited large OS differences despite similar PCSS compared to radiotherapy, suggesting OS differences are almost entirely driven by TSB. The quantities of these effects are important to consider when interpreting prostate cancer CER using national registries.

Large amounts of food are wasted during the food supply chain. This loss is in part due to consumer confusion over dates on food packages that can indicate a variety of quality indicators in the product (e.g., expiration date, “best by” date, “sell by” dates, etc.). To reduce this food loss, much research has been focused on the films that offer simple and easily manipulated indication systems to detect food spoilage. However, these materials are usually hydrophilic biopolymers that can detect the food spoilage in a wide pH range but do not provide highly sensitive real-time measurements. In this work, a glycerol-based nanocomposite core–shell latex film was synthesized to create a responsive packaging material that can provide real-time pH detection of food with high sensitivity. First, the pH-responsive dendrimer comonomer was synthesized from glycerol and diamine. Then, the nanoencapsulation polymerization process via miniemulsion was conducted to form a core–shell structure with tunable nanoshell thickness for a sensible pH-responsive release (<0.5 pH change). Next, the flexible film encapsulated a color-indicative dye that provided highly sensitive and visible color changes as both the pH dropped and the time elapsed in the food. This film also provided a barrier to water and heat and resisted deformation. Ultimately, this nanocomposite flexible film pending a pH sensor has the potential as an intelligent food packaging material for a universal, accurate, easy-to-use, and real-time food spoilage monitoring system to reduce food waste.

Abnormal gas has various appearances on chest radiographs in multiple clinical scenarios, and radiologists can provide an accurate diagnosis by understanding the causes of abnormal gas; common imaging patterns; and detection with radiographic, CT, and three-dimensional correlates.