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Various garlic nutrients bring about several health benefits. Allicin, the major bioactive component of garlic, has anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardiovascularpreventive, and cholesterol-reducing effects. Using water as the solvent, the ultrasoundassisted extraction of garlic compounds was optimized through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The process was conducted at different times (10{30 min), temperatures (30{60ffiC), frequencies (37 and 80 Hz), and powers (40{100 W). The obtained extracts were assessed for 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and extraction efficiency. The optimal conditions were 10 min, 30°C, 37 Hz, and 40 W (R² = 0:93 for the DPPH assay, R² = 0:99 for the TPC, and R² = 0:94 for the extraction efficiency). Sonication time and temperature most affected the responses. In conclusion, ultrasound could be easily utilized for the extraction, because it accelerated the process and lowered the extraction time, which enhanced the extract quality with regard to antioxidant properties and the likelihood of extracting heat-sensitive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the performance of the vorticity confinement method has been improved by combining it with the vortex feature detection methods. In the conventional vorticity confinement method, the only parameter to apply or not to apply vorticity confinement is the non-zero value of vorticity. On the other hand, the presence of vorticity in some cases, like the boundary layer and the shear layer flows, does not imply the presence of vortices. Applying the vorticity confinement at these points can lead to errors, in addition to loss of solution time. In order to solve this problem, using the combination of vorticity confinement method and four methods of vortex feature detection (non-dimensional Q, non-dimensional λ2, non-dimensional modified Δ, and the S − Ω correlation) the vorticity confinement term is applied only in vortex regions. In order to investigate the effects of this combination, the compressible Euler equation has been investigated for the problem of two-dimensional stationary single vortex at Mach number 0.5. The results indicate significant positive effects in reducing the solving time, decreasing the sensitivity of the solution to the amount of confinement parameter and significant elimination of the oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]