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Effects of pretreatments and drying methods on physico-chemical, thermo-physical, energy values were investigated. The longest drying duration was seen in control samples dried in hybrid microwave dryer at 350 W + 50 °C and the shortest in citric acid-treated samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave dryer. Citric acid-treated samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave dryer at 70 °C had the closest color values to fresh ones. Effective diffusion values of dried Jerusalem artichoke samples varied between 4.66 x 10−8 − 1.33 x 10−7 m2 s−1 and activation energy values varied between 14.53 − 41.74 kJ mol−1. Drying date was estimated with the Midilli-Küçük model. The highest specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values were observed in control samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave oven at 60 °C and the highest density values were seen in citric acid-treated samples dried in hybrid microwave oven at 70 °C. The highest SMER value was observed in control samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave dryer at 60 °C. The lowest SEC value was seen in control samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave dryer at 60 °C. The lowest total energy consumption was encountered in citric acid-treated samples dried in temperature-controlled microwave dryer at 70 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feasible fermentation process for the production of lactic acid (LA), one of the most important food additives, from non-crop feedstocks would help alleviate the challenges of food safety. In this study, 215 g/L inulin-rich Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP) were directly converted into LA without exogenous nitrogen addition under non-sterile conditions via selected Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NJ. The LA concentration, yield, and average productivity reached 144.08 g/L, 0.67 g/g, and 4.37 g/L/h, respectively, which can be scalable from 5 L to 50 L bioreactors. The viable counts of Lacticaseibacillus reached to 142.30–301.50 × 108 CFU/mL, allowing the products a promising probiotic in food additives. Transcriptional analysis revealed that strain NJ utilized inulin mainly via extracellular β -fructosidase and fructose transporters encoded by the fosRABCDXE operon, and the gene expression within the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis was significantly altered. For strain NJ grown on JAP, the expressions of genes related to amino acid biosynthesis and peptide/amino acid relevant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system were upregulated to fit nitrogen limitation. We found the availability of L. paracasei NJ for high-yield lactic acid from raw JAP and explores the inner changes of gene expression by utilizing inulin, which provide both promising food additives and new perspectives on the understanding of inulin metabolism in Lacticaseibacillus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L .) (JA) produces ground artichokes, is resistant to most parasites, diseases and tough conditions such as frost and drought. It has many applications including biofuels or bio-chemicals that do not compete with food supply. Improving the genetic diversity would help meet food demand. Four clones of the JA were studied to determine sensory attributes, facilitate the characterization of each clone and promote a better use and consumption. The sensory attributes of raw and boiled JA tubers have been identified by a trained panel, in compliance with the UNI EN ISO13299: 2010 standard; the geometric mean (M) has been applied to reduce the number of descriptors in order to produce a sensory assessment sheet for tests. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the average values was applied to the data to evaluate the importance of each selected attribute in the samples identification. The results clearly showed that the 16 attributes selected for raw and 14 for cooked are useful for discriminating the 4 clones. Knowledge of the sensory characteristics of different clones of raw and cooked tubers of Jerusalem artichoke can be used to inform consumers about the right choice of Jerusalem artichoke tubers for their needs and therefore increase consumption of this vegetal, which has many beneficial effects on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperlipidemia is currently rising at an alarming rate in human populations around the world, and new innovative ways of alleviating hyperlipidemia are needed. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin on hyperlipidemia and the intestinal microflora in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated. Inulin-treated HFD-fed hyperlipidemic mice had decreased serum lipid hepatic triglyceride (TG), hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentrations and atherogenic index (AI). The inulin treatment increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Histological analysis of liver revealed a decrease in abundance of lipid droplets in inulin-treated HFD-fed hyperlipidemic mice. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community structure of the intestinal contents of mice. Analysis showed that the inulin treatment improved intestinal microflora; in particular, it significantly increased the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestine of HFD-fed mice. Inulin is therefore potentially potent functional food for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves, stems, tubers and roots of Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) were studied and characterized. The isolated endophytes were clustered by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) technique and identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing to demonstrate bacteria diversity, mainly in Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Stenotrophomonas , Microbacterium , Curtobacterium . The proportions of endophytes exhibited colonization (from most to least) in stems, leaves, roots and tubers. The more isolates had ACC (1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase and nitrogen fixation, the less they showed phosphate and potassium solubilization. Antifungal activity was exhibited only in Bacillus , while many isolates had stress tolerance in polyethylene glycol. Six endophytic bacteria were recolonized into 2 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke (HEL65 and JA102xJA89) and showed increases in height, root and stem weight, and tuber number. The potential local endophyte, Pantoea ananatis 4.14 responded to the tuber by increasing inulin content, which is a valued product of Jerusalem artichoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To improve ethanolic fermentation performance of self-flocculating yeast, difference between a flocculating yeast strain and a regular industrial yeast strain was analyzed by transcriptional and metabolic approaches. Results: The number of down-regulated (industrial yeast YIC10 vs. flocculating yeast GIM2.71) and up-regulated genes were 4503 and 228, respectively. It is the economic regulation for YIC10 that non-essential genes were down-regulated, and cells put more “energy” into growth and ethanol production. Hexose transport and phosphorylation were not the limiting-steps in ethanol fermentation for GIM2.71 compared to YIC10, whereas the reaction of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and its subsequent reduction to ethanol were the most limiting steps. GIM2.71 had stronger stress response than non-flocculating yeast and much more carbohydrate was distributed to other bypass, such as glycerol, acetate and trehalose synthesis. Conclusions: Differences between flocculating yeast and regular industrial yeast in transcription and metabolite profiling will provide clues for improving the fermentation performance of GIM2.71. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a herbaceous perennial plant rich in inulin and useful source of biomass. Due to its low agricultural requirements and high adaptability, it can provide a high amount of biomass yield even on low quality sites. The plant is used in food industry, bio-fuel production, forage, pharmacy and nutrition. Its tubers accumulate approx. 10-20% of inulin in fresh weight. Currently, the use of Helianthius tuberosus L. as a potential dietary strategy in patients affected by type 2 Diabetes is a real challenge. Moreover, deep understanding of the relationship between diet and composition of gut microbiota can bring the new insight in the treatment of inflammatory-dependent diseases. The main aim of this study was to examine the effects on plant growth of retardant Chlorocholine Chloride (CCC) -on the plants' height of H. tuberosus- and inulin content in the tubers. The plant material (528 tubers) for the experiment was bought from a Polish commercial company and planted in field in the middle of April 2014. After planting, half of them were sprayed with 0.75% retardant of CCC. Furthermore, in every week for 12 weeks, the plants' heights were measured. At the end of the vegetation period, 6 tubers from each treatment were dug out and chemically analyzed for inulin content using High Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography. After the first week of CCC use, 16% decrease of the plant's heights was observed. The heights of the plants sprayed with CCC were significantly different comparing to Control plants. Week after week the plant growth was significantly slower in plants sprayed with CCC already after the first three weeks of applying retardant. Differences in plants height sustain to the end of measurements. Used retardant and its concentration did not affect the inulin content of the tubers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke was optimised using simple technology according to tuber harvest date. The optimal treatment for winter juice was the addition of 0.25 mL L − 1 of a commercial inulinase (17 U g − 1 ) and a juice heating at 52.5 °C for 60 min before the beginning of the fermentation. For autumn juice, the optimal treatment was a previous heating at 80 °C for 15 min followed by the addition of 0.75 mL L − 1 of the inulinase at 60 °C kept for 120 min, prior to the fermentation. Ethanol yields of 0.458 and 0.454 g g − 1 were obtained with autumn juice and winter ones, respectively. Fermentation was conducted at 30 °C by Saccharomyces cerevisiae . These results could be useful for a staggered and decentralised ethanol production from a low-requirement crop which does not interfere with the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants best absorb heavy metals by exchange. Most heavy metals get into plant roots and tubers from soil and into leaves from the atmosphere. The aim of this research was to determine the accumulation levels of heavy metals in organically grown pumpkin peel and flesh and in the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke. The following pumpkin and Jerusalem artichoke cultivars were selected for the investigations: Cucurbita maxima cv 'Rouge vif d 'Etampes', Cucurbita moschata cv 'Muscade de Provence' and Helianthus tuberosus L. cvs 'Rubik', 'Albik', and 'Sauliai' and grown in a certified organic field. Heavy metal residues in all samples did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Tubers of the investigated Jerusalem artichoke cvs are more sensitive to the effect of heavy metals than the over ground pumpkin fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus clarum for suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in Thailand under greenhouse conditions. Experimental factors included two Jerusalem artichoke genotypes (HEL 246 and JA 37), two levels of T. harzianum and G. clarum (inoculated and blank). The biological control agents were added to the potting medium immediately before seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke were transplanted into it; 20 days later, seedlings were inoculated with S. rolfsii by placing infested sorghum seeds at the base of the stem. The combination of cv. HEL 246 with addition of both G. clarum and T. harzianum had the lowest disease incidence (30%) and required the longest time to permanent wilt (11 days after inoculation). Inoculation of cv. JA 37 and HEL 246 with G. clarum alone gave better control of the disease than did inoculation with T. harzianum alone. The results are the first published report of biological control of S. rolfsii on Jerusalem artichoke. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The species of Asteraceae family, sylph or cap plant, Silphium perfoliatum, cv.Vital and Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, cv. Solar from the collection of nontraditional fodder plants, Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, as study objects. The annual productivity of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital was 14.28 kg/m2 of fresh mass and 2.41 kg/m2 of dry matter, H. tuberosus, cv. Solar - 16.3 kg/ m2or 4.0 kg/ m2 respectively. Chemical composition absolutely dry substances of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital: 15.94% raw protein, 3.25% raw fats, 29.96% raw cellulose, 165.17 mg/kg carotene and H. tuberosus, cv. Solar 9.32% raw protein, 1.93% raw fats, 21.29% raw cellulose, 8.75% mineral substances, 58.71% non-nitrogenous extractive substances it was established in the first harvesting. Stems of these species in autumn-winter accelerated release the humidity, are resistant to lodging, does not demand sophisticated equipment at harvesting, and can be harnessed for solid biofuel production; caloric capacity of the plant of S. perfoliatum reach 18.3 MJ/kg, and at the H. tuberosus - 18.7 MJ/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Bioassay-directed phytochemical study of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) leaves led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone of 3-Hydroxy-8β-tigloyloxy-1,10-dehydroariglovin (1), ten known sesquiterpene lactones (2–11) and two known flavones (12–13). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activities of those compounds were subsequently tested against the MCF-7, A549 and HeLa cancer cells lines. The results indicated that sesquiterpene lactones 1–11 exhibited consistent cytotoxicity against all three cancer cell lines, while flavones 12 and 13 showed selective inhibitory activity against HeLa cell lines. Among them, compound 3 exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity against all three cell lines. The IC50 values of compound 3 against MCF-7, A549 and HeLa were 1.97±0.04, 7.79±0.44, 9.87±0.20μg/ml, respectively. In addition, some structure–activity relationships of these sesquiterpene lactones for cytotoxicity were explored and summarized in this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A promising protocol for achievement the accumulation rate of inulin compound in a suspension culture of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) was established. The effect of incorporated of cell cultures in combining with two type of biotic elicitors Aspergillus niger extract and Methyl-Jasmonate incorporation feeding medium on leaf cell growth patterns and production of inulin was investigated. The maximum value of cell growth parameters and highest content of inulinase activity (0.395u/ml) were resulted from elicitation of augmented MS-medium with A. niger extract at the level of 0.2% in combination with Methyl-Jasmonate (150μM) as compared with other concentrations after 2weeks of cultivation. The chemical analyses of the different cell lines were spectro-photometerically performed. This study clearly indicates that combining of A. niger and Methyl-Jasmonate elicitors plays a critical role on inulin process and its accumulation in Jerusalem artichoke cell cultures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) constitute the main part of dietary fiber (DF). There are two kinds of NSP - insoluble and soluble. Most plant foods contain both types although proportions vary. A good source of NSP/fiber is Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), vegetable - rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals. Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is used for managing cholesterol, lipids in the blood, can also help with weight control, not through better metabolism of fats but through better management of sugars. The addition of Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP) increases the fiber content of the pastry products, making it a healthier food. Several methods are available for the determination of total dietary fiber in products. The Uppsala method is the most appropriate when information of the DF components is required. Since different DF components have a range of beneficial effects on human health this approach of analyzing DF should become more widely used when characterizing foods. The aim of the study was to determine quantity changes in individual NSP of DF in raw material JAP and such pastry products as cakes, butter biscuits and honey biscuits where JAP was added. The study identified quantity and types of NSP in JAP and pastry products with JAP in concentration 30% and 50% of total amount of flour, but as control are samples without JAP. Results showed that the major NSP monomers of all pastry kinds are, in decreasing manner, glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, and fucose. Additionally, NSP content increases substantially with increasing concentration of JAP in cakes, honey biscuits and butter biscuits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Experimentally prepared Jerusalem artichoke inulins (JAI) were compared with two commercial chicory root inulins for their prebiotic potentials in media broth model and growth-sustaining ability in non-fat yoghurts. Experimental yoghurts were made with 12% reconstituted skim milk (RSM) supplemented with 4% inulin powders, inoculated with mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei LC-01, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (1:0.5:0.5 based on supplier’s recommendation) and incubated overnight at 37°C. Non-supplemented yoghurt was prepared from 16% RSM and used as control. The survival and acidifying activity of lactic and probiotic cultures in all yoghurts were investigated on weekly intervals during the shelf life of 28days at 4°C. Incorporation of JAI resulted in improved viability of LC-01, maintaining >7.0logCFU/g during cold storage but did not affect the viability of yoghurt bacteria in comparison with the control. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) is a perennial herbaceous species which is cultivated for human and animal consumption and sometimes reported as a dangerous weed in several summer crops. Few reports indicate that this species shows allelopathic behaviour. This study, carried out in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, investigated the effects of aqueous extracts from leaf tissues and powdered dried leaves on total seed germination, speed of germination and shoot and radicle elongation of several annual population species. Aqueous extracts were applied at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, to seeds in Petri dishes, and powdered dried leaves were applied at 2 t ha-1 to seeds planted in pots. The crops included in the experiments were maize (Zea mays L.), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. ). Weed species were Amaranthus retloflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Portulaca oleracea L. and Solanum nigrum L. According to their sensitivity, tested species were grouped into negligibly or poorly sensitive, sensitive to high concentrations and sensitive. Species belonging to the first group were maize, green bean, pea, C. album and P. oleracea. Species sensitive to the highest concentrations were rice, winter wheat, D. sanguinalis and S. nigrum. In the last group, which included tomato, zucchini, A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli, total germination of the last three species was reduced by about 49%, on average. S. nigrum showed no germination at 20% extract concentration. In general, speed of germination was affected more than total germination. In some cases, in particular at low concentrations, a stimulatory effect was recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important source of functional active food components - during storage Jerusalem artichoke tubers inulin transform into fructose, which is easily absorbed without insulin application. Therefore it is highly recommended for diabetes mellitus patients. The surface of the Jerusalem artichoke tuber is very rough with protuberances which makes it difficult to clean the tubers and to process them. It is necessary evaluate several genotypes to final genetically smooth and inulin rich tubers. Tubers quality and yield are strongly influenced by soil cultivation and planting system. The investigation was carried out in Pure Horticultural Research Centre, in 2005 and 2006 with the aim to find most effective growing technology and to detect the content and percentage of carbohydrates in different genotypes. The investigation was carried out for two vegetation seasons with different meteorological conditions. As the summer of 2006 was extremely dry, the obtained yield was 20 % less than in the vegetation period of 2005. The local clone Lāču was found was found to produce the most yield in both years. The yield of Western Europe cv. `Dag Neutral` was insignificantly lower, but cv. `Red French` yielded significantly less. Stable, qualitative and higher yields were obtained from the ridged field without previous rototilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that when plasma membranes were prepared from tubers of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) frozen at a sublethal temperature, the levels of some plasma membrane proteins (FSPs) decreased. Response of FSP120 to freezing treatment; Indication that FSP120 might be released from plasma membranes during freezing treatment of the tubers of Jerusalem artichokes.

Chemical fungicides are effective tools in controlling plant pathogens; however, these chemicals can, on the other hand, distress the ecosystem. Accordingly, the current research investigates the potentiality of substituting traditional chemical fungicides by inducing plant resistance against infection with soil-born pathogens i.e. Sclerotium rolfsii in the presence of mycorrhizae (AMF) as plant inoculants and one of the following amendments: humic acid, sulphex (a mixture of canola oil and diluted sulphuric acid) and paclobutrazol (ABZ). To attain the abovementioned objective, a field (mildly infected with S. rolfsii) was cultivated with Helianthus tuberosus (a perennial plant belongs to the Asteraceae family) for two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) and the above-mentioned treatments were tested for their feasibilities in controlling S. rolfsii infection against the chemical fungicide "Vitavax-200" either solely or in combinations in a complete randomized block design. Inoculating plants with AMF or amending soils with either humic acid, Sulphex or ABZ solely increased significantly the activities of plant defense enzymes by approximately 1.5–2.1 folds higher than the control treatment. These treatments also improved NPK availability in soil and; hence, increased their contents within plant tubers. Consequently, these treatments decreased the disease incidence and severity caused by S. rolfsii while improved shoot biomass and tuber yield. In spite of that, these results stood below the prospective of the fungicide treatment. The integrated treatments i.e. "humic acid + AMF", "Sulphex + AMF" and "ABZ + AMF" caused further significant improvements in both NPK availabilities in soil and plant areal bio-masses. This probably induced further plant resistance against the investigated soil-borne pathogen while recorded insignificant variations in disease incidence and severity when compared with the fungicide treatment. Moreover, the integrated treatments increased the tuber yields beyond those attained for the fungicide treatment. Accordingly, such integrated strategies can completely substitute the chemical fungicides; thus, minimize their negative impacts on the ecosystem. • Biochemicals and/or AMF increased significantly activities of plant defense enzymes. • They also increased NPK availability in soil and raised their contents within tubers. • Moreover, they decreased the disease incidence and severity caused by S. rolfsii. • Integrated treatments recorded higher tuber yields than the fungicide treatment did. • They recorded as well comparable disease incidence and severity as the fungicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the expression of a mannose-specific lectin (HTA) by callus from Helianthus tuberosus. Increase in the level of HTA messenger RNA an hour after treatment with methyl jasmonate; Observation of a fragmentation of the callus DNA at regular intervals together with strong self-fluorescence emission in the callus cells.

It is not known precisely the introduction of this species in our country, most research indicates XVI century but there are opinions that consider that this species is present in our country since the Dacian times. The research started in 1996, aimed to obtain biological stabilized and genetically distinct varieties with reduced variability of the main characters, developing specific technology culture in accordance with DUS and rehabilitation of species through the promotion and expansion as vegetable crops in order to revaluate its many uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]