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Apoptosis is an orchestrated phenomenon that regulates cell populations in physiological and pathological conditions. Carcinogenesis involves a state of disequilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death. The resistance to conventional therapeutic modalities of cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, can be explained by the compensatory repair and regeneration that occurs in the tumor microenvironment following apoptosis through the apoptotic compensatory proliferation signaling microvesicles (ACPSVs) or apoptotic extracellular microvesicles (ApoEVs). These microvesicles provide proliferative signals and act as mutagens, triggering cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and invasion. This review discusses the phenomenon of apoptosis-induced proliferation and the role of ApoEVs in establishing an oncoregenerative niche, resulting in therapeutic resistance and recurrence of malignancies.

ABSTRACTBackground: To assess the prevalence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii complex [Acb complex]and non-Acbstrains from the urine samples of elderly population with urinary tract infection (UTI) by both phenotypic and genotypic (PCR) characterisation methods from India.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study on 1000 elderly population with UTI was performed for a period of 1 year. Using standard microbiological guidelines, the urine samples were cultured and the Acband non-Acbcomplex were identified by standard biochemical characterisation tests. DNA was extracted from all the phenons of the complex for further confirmation by PCR. The amplicons were sequenced for the phylogenetic analysis and clonal identification by comparative genomic assessments.Results and conclusions: Study population yielded 8.5% of Acband non-Acb-complex with other gram-negative pathogens ranging from 1 to 49.3%. Males were highly affected with the complex under the age group of 70–90. Statistics of the demographic data within the groups showed significant results of the prevalence of Acband non-Acbcomplex towards the age group selected and with other associated co-morbidities recorded (at p < 0.05). Chi2statistics for the goodness of fit was significance for genotypic confirmation of the complex.Conclusions: The present investigation documents the prevalence of the Acband non-Acbcomplex among the elderly population and suggests the implementation of phenotypic and molecular strategies to assess the correct prevalence rate of the same for surveillance which will also aid in the effective clinical management of UTI by Acband non-Acb-complexin elderly population.

•The virtual screening identified several novel variants in antioxidant genes with putative association with HNSCC.•Ceruloplasmin gene was found to harbour the highest frequency of gene alterations when compared to all other genes.•The study adds up to the knowledge on antioxidant mechanisms related to pathogenesis of HNSCC.