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Soil water conditions should be adequately evaluated because they influence the occurrence of surface failures. Digital twin systems, connecting field measurement data with numerical simulations, must be created to enable early warnings to be issued before a surface failure occurs. This study discusses the applicability of the merging particle filter (MPF) method for estimating the posterior distribution of seepage analysis models based on the volumetric water content field measurement data from two case studies. The first case study estimated the posterior distribution of parameters for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties based on data obtained from three slopes of different soil types (decomposed granite, weathered mudstone, and pyroclastic flow deposits). The simulation results agreed well with the raw data, where only precipitation data were input into the estimated seepage analysis model. The second case study estimated and discussed the applicability of a seepage analysis model using parameters for the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties and drainage boundary conditions. The simulated results reproduced the field measurement data with sufficient accuracy to attain the groundwater behavior. Therefore, based on field measurement data, the MPF can estimate the posterior distribution of parameters for the seepage analysis model, considering the inhomogeneity and uncertainty of in-situ soil.

A 52-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and developed extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease and myasthenia gravis (MG), which became involved with oculobulbar and proximal upper and lower limb weakness in 677days. In the literature, we identified 24 cases where MG developed after allo-SCT. Graft-versus-host disease development and male recipients of female donors might be prone to the development of posttransplant MG (odds ratio, 3.75).

[Introduction]Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma characterized by selective growth of lymphoma cells in the lumina of small vessels. Although the clinical outcomes of IVLBCL before rituximab era were dismal, a retrospective analysis published in 2008 showed improved outcomes for patients treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy (R-chemo). Furthermore, a recent multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial conducted in Japan (PRIMEUR-IVL study) supports the usage of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone combined with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and intrathecal chemotherapy (IT), with a 2-year Overall survival (OS) of 92% and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 76% in a selected population with newly diagnosed IVLBCL. However, this trial did not include a control arm, making it difficult to evaluate whether the addition of HD-MTX improves the treatment outcome. Thus, with the largest cohort (we already reported at ASH 2022), we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of the HD-MTX in real-world settings. [Methods]Patients with histopathologically proven newly diagnosed IVLBCL according to the 2008 World Health Organization criteria between January 2010 through February 2022 from hospitals participating in the North Japan Hematology Study Group were included. Survival analysis was limited to patients with serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL and aged 20-79 years, following the eligibility criteria of the PRIMEUR-IVL study. PFS was defined as the time from the start of treatment to the first of progression, relapse, or death from any cause. Patients undergoing upfront autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT) were censored at the time of transplantation. [Results]A total of 110 IVLBCL cases were identified. Eighty-six patients with serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL, aged 20-79 years, received chemotherapy. Eighty-five of 86 patients (98.8%) received R-chemo. Thirty-six of 86 patients (41.9%) received HD-MTX during the initial therapy (w HD-MTX group), and 50 patients (58.1%) did not (w/o HD-MTX group). Fifty-six patients (65.1%) received IT. Six patients (7.0%) received upfront auto-SCT. Complete response (CR), no change (NC), and primary refractory disease were noted after initial therapy by 62 (72.1%), 11 (12.8%), and 11 (12.8%) patients, respectively. The disease progression after achieving NC was noted in 3 patients (3.5%). Fourteen patients (16.3%) experienced a relapse after achieving CR. Eight of 28 recurrences (progressions or relapses) were neurolymphomatosis forms, and 7 were central nervous system (CNS) recurrences. Twenty-five patients (29.1%) died, and 21 were due to disease progression. Compared clinical characteristics of the w HD-MTX group with the w/o HD-MTX group, the proportion of patients older than 60 years, male sex, poor performance status (ECOG PS > 1), elevated serum LDH, Ann Arbor stage III-IV and 2 or more extra-nodal lesions were not significantly different. The number of patients who received IT was significantly higher in the w HD-MTX group (77.8% vs. 56.0%, P= 0.042). Median follow-up duration for censored cases was 47.1 months (range, 7.4-130.7 months) in w HD-MTX group and 33.0 months (range, 1.78-140.5 months) in w/o HD-MTX group. Two-year PFS and OS were 73.1% (95% CI, 54.5-85.0) and 85.0% (95% CI, 67.5-93.5), respectively, in the w HD-MTX group and 54.7% (95% CI, 38.6-68.3) and 69.2% (95% CI, 53.2-80.6), respectively, in the w/o HD-MTX group (log-rank test, P= 0.016 and P= 0.005, respectively; Fig. a, b). The w HD-MTX group and the w/o HD-MTX group showed no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of CNS recurrence at 2 years (8.7%; 95% CI, 2.2-21.0 vs. 6.6%; 95% CI, 1.7-16.5, Gray test, P= 0.98). In univariate analysis, male gender, the addition of IT, and the addition of HD-MTX were significantly associated with PFS and OS ( Table). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the addition of HD-MTX was independently associated with both PFS and OS. No HD-MTX-related deaths occurred in the w HD-MTX group. Adverse events related to HD-MTX were observed in 24 of 36 patients (66.7%), with grade 3 or 4 non-hematological adverse events in 3 patients (8.3%). [Conclusion]In conclusion, this largest retrospective study showed that the addition of HD-MTX to initial chemotherapy improved the treatment outcome of patients with newly diagnosed IVLBCL.

[Introduction]Treatment outcomes of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a rare subtype of extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), have dramatically improved in recent years. However, prognostic factors for IVLBCL are largely unknown. Several studies have explored the potential of the baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT radiomics features to identify patients with poor prognosis. For example, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) reflects the FDG-avid tumor burden, and the maximum distance between the largest lesion and any other lesion quantifies the dissemination of the tumor, and both factors are inversely related to overall survival (OS) and progression-survival (PFS) in DLBCL. In this study, we explored prognostic impact of FDG PET/CT radiomics features in newly diagnosed IVLBCL. [Methods]We retrospectively evaluated patients with histopathologically proven newly diagnosed IVLBCL according to the 2008 World Health Organization criteria between January 2010 through February 2022 from hospitals participating in the North Japan Hematology Study Group (NJHSG). Quantitative analysis of all FDG PET/CT was performed using Metavol (Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan), with exclusion of physiological accumulation. MTV was defined as the volume of lymphoma lesions visualized on PET/CT scans with standardized uptake value (SUV) peaks greater than or equal to hepatic SUV peak. To quantify the dissemination of the tumor, we calculated the number of the body areas (head-neck, chest, abdomen, upper-extremities, lower-extremities) having BM lesions with a higher SUV peak than liver SUV peak. Patients with BM lesions spread across 4-5 areas were defined as cases having widely disseminated lesions (WDL). Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from the start of treatment to the first of progression, relapse, or death from any cause. Patients undergoing upfront autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT) were censored at the time of transplantation. [Results]We identified fifty-two IVLBCL patients (age 30-89 years, median 65 years; 57.7% male) who performed FDG PET/CT at diagnosis. Twenty-eight patients (54.9%) had poor performance status (ECOG PS ≥2), and 49 patients (94.2%) showed stage III-IV. Forty-nine patients (94.2%) had 2 or more extranodal involvement. Elevated serum LDH level was observed in 49 cases (94.2%) (median, 623.5 IU/L; range, 147-4907 IU/L). The median serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were 4496.5 IU/mL (range, 321-19900 IU/mL), 655.15 ng/mL (range, 50-6657 ng/mL), and 6.905 mg/dL (range, 0.11-25.86 mg/dL), respectively. The median MTV was 415.527 cm 3(range, 0-3000 cm 3). ROC analysis revealed that the cutoff value of the MTV > 388 cm 3could predict progression events within 2 years. Area under curve was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.564-0.857). Twenty-nine patients (55.8%) were classified as having MTV > 388 cm 3(high MTV). Twenty-three patients (44.2%) had WDL. Fifty-one (98.1%) patients received chemotherapy, all of which was rituximab-containing regimen. Three patients (5.8%) received upfront auto-SCT. Median follow-up duration was 48.8 months (range, 5.8-140.5 months) in survivors. Age, LDH level, number of extranodal lesions, clinical stage, and PS did not affect OS and PFS. Although the high MTV and WDL did not significantly affect OS ( P= 0.095, P= 0.173, respectively; Log-rank), these findings did correlate significantly with poor PFS ( P= 0.011, P= 0.042, respectively; Log-rank). Thus, we defined a high MTV or a WDL as poor PET findings. Thirty-two patients had poor PET findings. Importantly, patients with poor PET findings showed significantly poor OS and PFS compared to patients without (2-year OS: 71.2% vs. 93.3%, P= 0.015, 2-year PFS: 45.5% vs. 93.8%, P= 0.001; Log-rank, Fig. 1, 2). [Conclusion]This is the largest study to assess prognostic impact of FDG PET/CT radiomics features on newly diagnosed IVLBCL. Poor PET findings were significantly correlated with worse OS and PFS.

We investigated actions of uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) in rat aorta, cerebral and mesenteric arteries, and their single myocytes. UTP (≥10 μM) elicited an inward-rectifying current strongly reminiscent of activation of P2X1receptor, and a similar current was also induced by α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) (≥100 nM). UTP desensitized α,β-methylene ATP–evoked current, and vice versa. The UTP-activated current was insensitive to G-protein modulators, TRPC3 inhibitors, or TRPC3 antibody, but was sensitive to P2-receptor inhibitors or P2X1-receptor antibody. Both UTP (1 mM) and α,β-methylene ATP (10 μM) elicited similar conductance single channel activities. UTP (≥10 μM) provoked a dose-dependent contraction of deendothelialized aortic ring preparation consisting of phasic and tonic components. Removal of extracellular Ca2+or bath-applied 2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP (TNP-ATP) (30 μM) or nifedipine (10 μM) completely inhibited the phasic contraction while only partially reducing the tonic one. The tonic contraction was almost completely abolished by additional application of thapsigargin (2 μM). Similar biphasic rises in [Ca2+]iwere also evoked by UTP in rat aortic myocytes. In contrast to the low expression of TRPC3, significant expression of P2X1receptor was detected in all arteries by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, and its localization was limited to plasma membrane of myocytes as indicated by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that UTP dually activates P2X1-like and P2Y receptors, but not TRPC3.

To study the essential features of acetylcholine (ACh)-and caffeine-sensitive cellular Ca2+ storage sites in single vascular smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery, the effects of ryanodine on both ACh- and caffeine-induced Ca2+ mobilization were investigated by measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) using Fura 2 in Ca2+-containing or Ca2+-free solution. The resting [Ca2+]i of the cells was 122 nM in normal physiological solution and no spontaneous activity was observed. In a solution containing 2.6 mM Ca2+, 10 µM ACh or 128 mM K+ produced a phasic, followed by a tonic, increase in [Ca2+]i but 20 mM caffeine produced only a phasic increase. In Ca2+-free solution containing 0.5 mM ethylenebis(oxonitrilo)tetraacetate (EGTA), the resting [Ca2+]i rapidly decreased to 102 nM within 5 min, and 10 µM ACh or 20 mM caffeine (but not 128 mM K+) transiently increased [Ca2+]i. Ryanodine (50 µM) greatly inhibited the phasic increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 10 µM ACh or 5 mM caffeine and increased the time to peak and to the half decay after the peak in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. By contrast, ryanodine (50 µM) enhanced the tonic increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 128 mM K+ and also by 10 µM ACh in Ca2+-containing solution. In Ca2+-free solution containing 0.5 mM EGTA, ACh (10 µM) failed to increase [Ca2+]i following application of 20 mM caffeine. The level of [Ca2+]i induced by 20 mM caffeine was greatly reduced, but not abolished, following application of 10 µM ACh in Ca2+-free solution. These results suggest that both ACh and caffeine release Ca2+ from the ryanodine-sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery. The finding that ryanodine significantly increased the resting [Ca2+]i and inhibited the rate of decline of [Ca2+]i following wasthout of high K+ or ACh in Ca2+-containing solution suggests that SR may negatively regulate the resting [Ca2+]i in smooth muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery.

An attempt was made to detect a pancreatic tumor antigen (PTA) in transplantable pancreatic adenocarcinomas induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropy1)nitrosamine (DHPN) in hamsters. Antibody against antigenic protein was raised by immunizing rabbits with whole homogenate of the tumors transplanted into the back of hamsters. PTA was purified by affinity chromatography and shown to have the physicochemical properties of a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 800,000, migrating in the p regions upon agarose gel electrophoresis. Loss of immunological properties was observed after heating at 65°C for 30 min. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that the levels of PTA in the serum and tissue showed a positive correlation with the induction of the presence of tumor, and size of the tumor. It is tentatively suggested that PTA values above 150 ng/ml serum are indicators of tumors, because in normal hamsters the PTA range is from 25 to 130 ng/ml serum. Immunohistochemically, PTA was demonstrated to be localized within the cytoplasm of epithelial tumor cells of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas.

Prior injection of an anticancer agent and Lipiodol mixture is a key point for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We therefore prepared a new, improved emulsion of Lipiodol containing a high dose ofcis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and epirubicin by replacing the ionic contrast medium (Urografin 67) with a nonionic contrast medium (Iopamidol; Iopamiron 300) and adding phosphatidyl choline. This CDDP-epirubicin-Lipiodol emulsion (CELE) was examined pharmacologically and chemically with the following results. The size of these particles is less than 10 µm (diameter) for up to 24 h; the release of 28%–34% of the CDDP and 80%–90% of the epirubicin was estimated in the dissolution test, and 85% of the CDDP and 35% of the epirubicin was retained in the organs in the moment calculation. CELE was injected into 58 HCC patients via a celiac angiographic catheter. In 36 of these patients, the CELE injection was followed by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy. Following the administration of CELE as one-shot injection therapy for stage IV HCC, the 1-year survival rate was 59% and the 2-year survival rate was 27%. Moreover, in patients (stage II, 12; stage III, 8; stage IV, 16) who received CELE and subsequently underwent TAE therapy, the 1-year survival rate was 90% and the 2-year survival rate was 67%. The nonionic contrast medium with Lipiodol forms finer emulsified particles, and these particles are more capable of penetrating into the tumor. In addition, the greater pharmacological stability of these particles provides a slow-release effect and prolonged stability of their shape. Finally, theoretically, the use of two major anticancer agents such as CDDP and epirubicin showed a greater clinical effect in the treatment of HCC than either our earlier suspension or a single anticancer agent.

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Approaches to Communication Planning edited by John Middleton (1980, 300 pp.)Communication Planning for Development: An Operational Framework by Alan Hancock (1981, 198 pp.)Impact of Modern Communication Technology I: Australia, by Chris Duke (n.d., 122 pp.)Impact of Modern Communication Technology II: Indonesia (n.d., 72 pp)Flow of News in the Gulf, by Phil Harris, et al. (n.d., 70 pp.)Protection of Journalists (no author, n.d., but 142 pp.)82. The Book in Multilingual Countries by Abul Masan (1978, 40 pp.)83. National Communication Polic Councils: Principles and Experiences by M.A. Rodrigues Dias, et al. (1979. 44 pp.)84. Mass Media: The Image, Role, and Social Conditions of Women: A Collection and Analysis of Research Materials (1979, 78 pp.)85. News Values and Principles of Cross-Cultural Communication (1980, 51 pp.)(86) Special Issue: Mass Media Codes of Ethics and Councils: A Comprehensive International Study on Professional Standards by J. Clement Jones (1980, 80 pp.)87. Communication in the Community (this title not yet seen)88. Rural Journalism in Africa by Paul Ansah, et al. (1981, 35 pp.)89. The SACl/EXERN Project in Brazil: An Analytical Case Study by Emile G. Mc- Anany et al. (1981, 46 pp.)90. Community Communications: The Role of Community Media in Development by Frances Berrigan (1981, 50 pp.)1. Historical Development of Media Systems-Japan by Shinichi Ito, et al. (1979, 69 pp.)2. Historical Development of Media Systems-German Democratic Republic by Emil Dusiska (1979, 35 pp.)3. Communication Indicators I: Communication Indicators and Indicators of Socio-Economic Development by Rita Cruise O'Brien, et al. (1979, 96 pp.)4. Communication Indicators II: 100 Years of Mass Communication in Germany by Anton Galli, et al. (1979, 28 pp.)5. Sccio-Economic and CommunicatioA Indicators in Development Planning: A Case Study of Iran by Majid Tehranian (n.d., 126 pp.)6. Communication Methods to Promote Grass-Roots Participation by Jeremiah O'Sullivan-Ryan (n.d., 155 pp.)7. Importation of Films for Cinema and Television in Egypt by Gehan Rachty (n.d., 77 pp.)Reporting of International News and Roles of the Gatekeepers (1980) is a summary of two late 1979 meetings on the subject in Paris. (18 pp.)Intergovernmental Conference on Communication Policies in Africa (1981, 81 pp. plus 47 page working paper for same meeting)Intergovernmental Conference for Co-operation on Activities, Needs and Programmes for Communication Development (1980, 65 pp. plus 32 page working paper)List of Documents and Publications in the Field of Mass Communication 1979 (no. 5 in the series, 1980, 187 pp.)Mass Media and the Transnational Corporation by Basskaran Nair (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1980—$12.50/7.50)Mass Media and National Cultures, by the International Association for Mass Communication Research (Leicester, U.K.: Adam Bros., and Shardlow Ltd., 1980—price not known, paper)Organisations Internationales et Regionales de Journalistes [International and Regional Organizations of Journalists] (Prague: International Organization of Journalists, 1980—price, if any, not given, paper)Bruce L. Cook, Understanding Pictures in Papua New Guinea (David C. Cook Foundation, Cook Square, Elgin, Ill. 60120—$8.95, paper)Paul Lendvai, The Bureaucracy of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage the News (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981—$24.75)

Features fashion designer Paul Smith. Popularity in Japan; Growth of Smith's business in Japan; Personal background; Education; Career history.

Kumamoto and Kogoshima prefectures are located in the southern Kyushu district of western Japan. In July 2020, a warm, humid air front triggered the delayed rains of the rainy season, resulting in torrential rains in many parts of Japan, especially in Kyushu. In particular, heavy downpours occurred in the southern Kyushu district on July 4th, causing severe damage to much of the infrastructure. Details could not be analyzed as usual because some branch office of local government were also damaged by floods. The spatial distribution of precipitation in the Kuma River basin, in the southern part of Kumamoto, was characterized by the uniformity of 400–500 mm on July 3rd and 4th. Finally, emergency warnings of torrential rain were issued for the southern Kumamoto and the northern Kagoshima Prefectures by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) at 4:50 a.m., July 4th, 2020. Then, the active rain front gradually shifted towards northern Kyushu. Again, torrential rain fell on northern Kyushu in the afternoon due to a stagnant rainy season front, and the JMA issued an emergency warning for a localized torrential downpour for parts of Fukuoka, Saga and Nagasaki prefectures at 4:30 pm. Gradually, the damage status involving geodisasters such as several types of slope failures, road subsidence, damage of the river levee was reported by local governments in each area where there had been emergency warnings.

A 70-year-old Japanese man with mantle cell lymphoma underwent extensive chemotherapy and radiation because of the relapse of mantle cell lymphoma. He developed mediastinal emphysema and a pneumothorax 14 days after treatment with 560 mg of ibrutinib. The mediastinal emphysema and the right pneumothorax disappeared after the ibrutinib treatment was tapered off. The patient developed interstitial pneumonia without any infection and new lesions of mantle cell lymphoma in the lungs after restarting treatment with 560 mg of ibrutinib. In this case, the patient developed pneumonia after retreatment with ibrutinib, suggesting the small lung fibrosis that penetrated the mediastinum might have caused the emphysema and pneumothorax.

Research on net-zero energy buildings (nZEB), is currently increasing. To realize a ZEB, it is important to develop a control system for air conditioners and ventilators. This research aims to construct a simulator for office air conditioning to evaluate system control technology. Generally, more than two air conditioning systems are installed in offices, and the cooling operations of each are influenced by the other system's operation status. To realize a simulator that can capture this effect, we take into account the building envelope, fluid dynamics, and actual system controls. The cooling load and capacity from every source should be balanced in a steady state; thus, obtaining experimental data within a certain error is critical to simulate the power consumption of office cooling precisely. The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the heat balance between the measured cooling load and cooling capacity evaluated from the change in a) inlet and outlet air enthalpy of the air conditioners, and b) enthalpy of the refrigerant. A measurement in an actual office is carried out to study space cooling considering the building environment, office layout (e.g., desks), electricity consumption by computers and lighting, and cooling operation status of the air-conditioning systems. Temperature/humidity sensors, electric-power meters, and several other types of sensors are installed. The office is located on the top floor of a four-story building completed in 1997. The air-conditioning system consists of two VRF outdoor units with a cooling capacity of 28 kW, with six indoor units for perimeter and interior, respectively, and a total of 1600m3/h ventilation flow with the ventilator units. Good heat balance is observed with errors within 10% between the measured cooling load and a), and 15% between measured cooling load and b).

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background: Chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) has become a manageable disease for most patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, all TKIs have broad spectrum of toxic effects, and have to be managed by cessation, reduction and supportive care. The objective of this study is to analyze the adverse events (AEs) with different TKIs used as initial therapy for CML and their impact on outcome.

The behavior of the photoresist between contact holes during the thermal flow process was investigated. When the photoresist width was smaller than 200nm, the amount of shrinkage of the contact hole increased almost linearly with the photoresist width between contact holes. However, the amount of shrinkage was saturated and rarely changed with the photoresist width when the resist width was larger than 400nm. We examined three models to investigate this phenomenon. The first one is the simple one-dimensional model, and the second one is the viscoelastic model with constant fluid viscosity. The third one is the viscoelastic model for the Bingham fluid. We calculated the amount of shrinkage of the contact hole vs the photoresist width, and the values calculated using the viscoelastic model for the Bingham fluid was consistent with the measured values. We also synthesized a contact-hole image by expanding this one-dimensional model to two dimensions. The average total hole radius error between the measured and the synthesized image was less than 7nm, and the calculated image was almost the same as the measured one. We concluded that the viscoelastic model for the Bingham fluid is adequate for describing the photoresist behavior in the thermal flow process.

A novel dispenser-nozzle-scan coating (NS-coating) method was developed. NS-coating is very useful for reducing the coated volume and its cost. This method has two stages. The first stage is to form a fluid film on the substrate. The second stage is the vacuum drying process to evaporate the solvent with agitation to improve the thickness uniformity. In the first stage, one of the most important parameters of NS-coating is the relationship of the contact angle of the fluid film on the substrate surface to the scan pitch of the dispenser nozzle. The start and end positions of dispensation are also important in terms of avoiding projection. With selecting the solvent of a resist solution on the anti-reflection-layer (ARL) surface and optimizing the start and end positions of dispensation, the thickness uniformity of less than 2% was obtained in the solid state.

A plate method which can detect two types of thiaminase-producing colonies was developed. After growing bacterial colonies on a plate with good thiaminase production for 2–4 days, soft agar was overlayed which contained the substrate thiamin, and substituting base (pyridoxine) for type I enzyme, and a buffer of appropriate pH for each type of enzyme. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 1–2 h for Bacillus thiaminolyticus and clostridia, and at 60°C for 2 h for Bacillus aneurinolyticus. Good results were obtained for laboratory strains of average thiaminase activity.