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Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Bangladesh is increasing as the country is accelerating toward ever-increasing urbanization, accompanied by rapid economic expansion and population growth. Bangladesh’s energy demand is also rising faster than supply. As a result, the importance of an effective waste management framework is growing in Bangladesh, and the establishment of waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities has become an absolute necessity for ensuring life quality and sustainable economic development. The purpose of this research is to assess the techno-economic viability of two distinct WtE technologies-based biogas power plants under different scenarios of Dhaka city and to encourage the development and implementation. Estimation of biogas extraction from the landfills and sewage treatment plants have been conducted and calculated the energy potential and economic viability based on the population projection of Dhaka. The optimal scenario from an energy and financial standpoint is the combined use of biogas from sewage treatment plants and landfills. This scenario resulted in an installed power generation capacity of 21 MW that is sufficient to power about 7336 residents in Dhaka. In terms of economics, the most profitable option is the isolated use of biogas sewage treatment, attributed to its high profitability index value compared to other scenarios. The findings demonstrate the potential and viability of using biogas in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACTSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose oilseed crop grown mainly for production of high quality edible oil rich in polyunsaturated acids. It is widely grown in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The present study reports effects of 3 petal collecting times when 50, 75 and 100% flower heads were opened, on dyestuff content, oil content and fatty acids composition of safflower. It was observed that besides petal collecting time, plant height, first branch height, number of heads per plant, dry petal yield and 1000 seed weight were affected by the changes in environmental factors and cultivars. Total dyestuff was not affected by environmental conditions, cultivars or petals collecting time. Whereas, number of branches per plant, heads per plant, head diameter, number of seeds per head, seed yield per plant, seed yield kg ha−1, and fatty oil contents were cultivar dependent and largely influenced by the variations in environment during two years of experiment. Longer plants, greater number of heads per plant, dry petal yield, total dyestuff, number of branches per plant, larger heads and seed yield kg ha−1and 1000 seed weight was recorded during 2004–05 with significantly higher rains. In general, cultivar Dincer was more productive compared to cv. Yenice and 5–154 in terms of dry petal yield and total dyestuff whereas cv. 5–154 was more productive in terms of seed yield and fatty oil contents. The seed yield and fatty oil percentage of the safflower cultivars ranged from 1706 to 3111 kg ha−1and 26.1 to 35.1%, respectively with the highest seed yield and fatty oil percentage in cv. Dincer. Major constituents of fatty oil were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, which ranged 41.0–60.1%, 24.5–44.7% and 11.3–16.0%, respectively.

A percutaneous supramalleolar osteotomy with multiple drill holes and closed osteoclasis was used to correct rotational deformities of the tibia in patients with cerebral palsy. The technique is described and the results in 247 limbs (160 patients) are reported. The mean age at the time of surgery was 10.7 years (4 to 20). The radiographs were analysed for time to union, loss of correction, and angulation at the site of the osteotomy.Bone healing was obtained in all patients except one in a mean period of seven weeks (5 to 12). Malunion after loss of reduction at the site of the osteotomy developed in one tibia.Percutaneous supramalleolar osteotomy of the tibia is a safe and simple surgical procedure.

Abstract We examined the pelvic radiographs of two groups of patients (more than 12 years of age) from six medical centres. Hip dysplasia was considered to be present if Shenton's line was broken and more than one third of the femoral head was revealed to be uncovered in an antero-posterior radiograph of the pelvis. Patients with hip dysplasia due to teratological or neurological causes were excluded. There were 291 patients with treated or untreated hip dysplasia in the dysplastic group. The control group of 415 individuals was collected from consecutive outpatients (with a pre-set standardised female/male ratio) for whom an antero-posterior radiograph of the pelvis had been made in one of two medical centres and which did not disclose any abnormality of the hip joints. The aim of the study was to assess the co-existence of hip dysplasia and occult spinal dysraphism. Radiographs of all patients were examined, and any partial or complete defect of the posterior vertebral arch was recorded. In the dysplastic group, a defect was recorded in 23% (67/291) radiographs and in the control group in 12% (48/415). In both groups, L5 and S1 were the most commonly recorded sites with a defect. In the dysplastic group, a defect was recorded in 56/190 females and in the control group in 30/302 females. In males, there was no significant difference between the recorded findings in the two groups. In females with hip dysplasia, occult spinal dysraphism seems to be fairly common. Résumé Nous avons examiné les radiographies pelviennes de deux groupes des malades agés de plus de 12 ans de six centres médicaux. Nous avons défini la dysplasie de la hanche par la rupture de la ligne de Shenton et le défaut de couverture de plus d'un tiers de la tête fémorale sur une radiographie du bassin de face. La dysplasie de la hanche dû aux causes tératologique ou neurologiques a été exclue. Nous avons inclus 291 malades avec dysplasie de la hanche traitée ou non traitée dans le groupe dysplasique. Le groupe témoin de 415 individus a été rassemblé parmi les malades vu consécutivement en consultation (avec une proportion homme/femme standardisée) qui avait un une radiographie du bassin sans anomalie des hanc. Le but de l'étude était d'apprécier la coexistence de dysplasie de la hanche avec un dysraphisme vertébral occulte. Les radiographies pelviennes de tous les malades ont été examinées et tout défaut partiel ou complet de l'arc vertébral postérieur a été enregistré. Dans le groupe dysplasique un défaut a été enregistré dans 23% (67/291) des radiographies, et dans le groupe témoin dans 12% (48/415). Dans les deux groupes L5 et S1 étaient les deux étages le plus fréquemment concerné par le défaut. Dans le groupe dysplasique un défaut a été enregistré dans 56/190 femmes et dans le groupe témoin dans 30/302 femmes. Chez les hommes il n'y avait aucune différence notable entre les conclusions enregistrées dans les deux groupes. Chez les femmes avec dysplasie de la hanche, le dysraphisme vertébral a une prévalence certaine.