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Background: Dashboards visually display quality and safety data to aid nurses in making informed decisions. Purpose: This systematic review evaluated quality improvement (QI) dashboard characteristics associated with interventions to improve patient outcomes and positive end-user evaluation. Methods: Literature was searched from 2012 to 2022 in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results: Sixteen articles were included. Varied dashboard characteristics were noted, with mixed patient outcomes and end-user responses. Graphs and tabular presentations were associated with improved patient outcomes, whereas graphs were associated with end-user satisfaction. Benchmarks were noted with improved patient outcomes but not end-user satisfaction. Interactive dashboards were important for end users and improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: Nurses can find dashboards helpful in guiding QI projects. Dashboards may include graphs and/or tables, benchmarks, and interactivity but should be useful, usable, and aligned to unit needs. Future research should focus on the use of quality dashboards in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare providers often encounter clinical trial results in the form of visual data displays. Although there is a robust literature on patient responses to data displays in medical settings, less is known about how providers comprehend and apply this information. Our study provides a scoping review of the literature on providers' reactions to and perceptions of data displays. We searched article databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library) supplemented by handsearching. Eligible articles were published in English from 1990 to 2020. We identified 15 articles meeting our criteria. Studies with physicians were more prevalent (13/15) than those with other healthcare providers (6/15). Commonly assessed outcomes included objective (10/15) and subjective comprehension (4/15), preference for certain data display formats (6/15), and hypothetical decision-making around prescribing (4/15). In studies that assessed comprehension of clinical trial concepts, scores were average or below what would be considered mastery of the information. Data display formats that were preferred did not always correlate with better comprehension of information; lesser preferred formats (e.g. icon array) often resulted in better comprehension. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers may not accurately interpret complex types of data displays, and it is unknown if such limitations affect actual decision-making. Interventions are needed to enhance comprehension of complex data displays within the context of prescription drug professional promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring performance of the photovoltaic system in real time is required for estimation and optimization purposes. This monitoring system has been the subject of extensive research, but in general it employs costly commercial software and as well as other license-based software. This paper discusses the design of a photovoltaic parameter monitoring system that uses Internet of Things technology to monitor in real time. This software is intended to be as interactive as possible in order to display all measurement data in the form of graphical according to a user-specified time interval. The constructed system is tested to display the measurement parameters of the fixed and dual axis solar tracker. The test results indicate that the system can display data in real time. Every data shown is accessible from any location and at any time, so long as the device being used is connected to the Internet. This system obviously can be applied and developed for an internet of thing-based photovoltaic parameter monitoring system to facilitate system estimation and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) often encounter clinical trial results in the form of data displays in prescription drug promotions. Information conveyed in data displays vary in their presentation and complexity. This study describes characteristics of data displays in prescription drug advertising targeted to HCPs. Methods: This study characterized the content of 140 data displays in 98 unique print advertisements from 2009 to present and identified in AdPharm, an online database of pharmaceutical advertisements. Two reviewers independently coded the advertisements for characteristics (κ = 0.85) including complexity, format, and quality. Results: About one-third (32%) of the advertisements contained multiple data displays (range 2 to 6) and 44% showed clinical data from oncology trials; other disease domains were mental and behavioral health (14%), rheumatology and autoimmune disorders (8%), endocrinology (7%), cardiology (6%), infectious disease (6%), pulmonology and allergy (4%), and others (< 2% each). About one-half (51%) of displays were classified as "simple" which included "pseudographs" and basic tables or charts. "Complex" displays appeared as survival curves, line graphs, or bar graphs with complex features. Most complex displays included a comparator drug (90%), plain language restatement of the key finding (93%) and disclosure statements (91%) with additional study details, although their placement varied. Complex displays were of high quality, according to our selected indicators; our analysis found no data distortion or errors. Conclusion: Data displays in prescription drug advertising are often highly complex. Future research assessing understanding of data displays and the potentially beneficial effect of disclosures and other features is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by the existence of problems related to the implementation of the policy of the decade of road safety action that has not been effective, which is marked by the high number of road accidents in Ciamis Regency. To observe this, it is important to conduct a study on increasing prevention and prevention efforts at an early stage involving programs, sectors, local governments and the community. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Qualitative data was collected through observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive analysis through data reduction, data display, verification, drawing conclusions and using TOWS analysis. The results showed that: 1). The implementation of the policy of the decade of road safety action in Ciamis Regency when examined in the mentality approach aspect regarding the attitudes and responsibilities of implementing policies and aspects of the system approach with regard to regulations, cultural values and organizational structures and functions has been maximized, however, in the networking approach aspect related to strategic partnerships, and synergies built between stakeholders to be further optimized. 2). The ineffectiveness of the policy implementation strategy for the decade of road safety action in Ciamis Regency is due to the following factors: a). The implementation of communication and coordination with cross-stakeholders has not been implemented effectively. b). Not optimal level of socialization, c). The preparation of SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) and work structure has not been implemented effectively. d). Limited support for human resources (human resources). e). The participation of private sector stakeholders is still low and the level of community participation is minimal. 3). An effective strategy in implementing the policy of the decade of road safety action in Ciamis Regency is through the Diversification Strategy, which means that it is necessary to strengthen individual aspects, organizational aspects, and system aspects through capacity building (capacity building) of regional institutions which ultimately requires concrete efforts to establish an organizational forum, namely the formation of the Ciamis Regency Integrated Accident Management Team (TTPK) to provide a more real role in active coordination with primary stakeholders (Health Department, Land and Spatial Planning Public Works Agency (DPUPRP), Education Office, Communication and Information Office (Kominfo), Planning Agency Region (Bappeda) and the Department of Finance); secondary stakeholders (community, professional organizations, academia and the private sector); and key stakeholders (police). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the availability and use of conventional and aviation-specific information and communication technologies by airport workers are examined. A sample survey research design and a purposive sampling technique were adopted. By using a questionnaire, quantitative data were collected from 213 staff of the airport, who were available during the survey and were willing to complete the instruments. Further, qualitative data were collected from two heads of departments by using an interview schedule. The conventional technologies of computers, printers, and photocopiers, among others, were reportedly available and used. Common-use terminal equipment and flight information display systems were reportedly the aviation-specific technologies known by the largest number of respondents (84% each), while the biometric identification system was known by the least number of respondents (43.6%). The respondents reported increasing use of these technologies in the last five years. The members of staff of the organisation have very fair opinions about their knowledge of the use and deployment of information and communication technologies, but they identified infrastructural constraints and the high cost of equipment maintenance as hitches to the adequate deployment of the ICTs. Continuous training--that covers both conventional ICT and aviation-specific information and communication technologies--is required to improve the performance of airport staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features additions on the discussions on standardizing digital radiography terminology in 2021. Topics covered include the word brightness as it relates to the traditional film-screen term density, the production of radiography images via energy transfer during photoelectric interactions in the imaging plate, and a proposed digital radiography terminology outline. Also noted are qualities of the displayed digital image.

The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates gene therapies, among other products. The approval of four gene therapy products since 2017 represents a significant milestone for a new class of treatments with the potential to treat or cure diseases, particularly rare diseases, that were previously considered incurable. Several factors have contributed to the recent rapid development of gene therapies including advances in genetics to facilitate target-detection, advances in vectors, and regulatory incentives such as breakthrough therapy designation, priority review and market exclusivity. The patient population affected by a rare disease is typically small, heterogeneous and geographically dispersed. As a result, clinical trials on a rare disease have unique features in terms of study design, subject enrollment, data analyses and interpretation of study results. Given that the patient population affected is small for rare diseases, providing substantial evidence of effectiveness and evidence of safety in trials for rare disease presents challenges. In this paper, we share our experiences in the statistical review of three gene therapy products that have been approved by FDA CBER. Our motivation in writing this paper is to encourage the use of appropriate analysis strategies for other similar small trials, with a focus on data visualization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronological synopsis of the history of the technology used in experimental and testing work relating to artillery pieces is presented. The period covered is from the mid-seventeenth century up to the Cold War era of the mid-twentieth century. Although the focus is on the development of ballistics measurement in Britain, there are important links to related work in continental Europe. The locus for much of what is described is the Royal Artillery proof and experimental range at Shoeburyness and the key individuals and groups of men and women who worked there. There are longitudinal connections between the very earliest technologies of mechanical chronometry, with paper screens and paper-based calculations, and the later technology where timings, screens and calculations had all become electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to verify the validity and reliability of two separate instruments used for measuring nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool. Healthcare professionals and undergraduates, including nursing students, use wearable display technologies, such as smart glasses and head-mounted displays, as learning tools. However, the validation of the instruments used to evaluate the perception of such use is insufficient. This methodological study assessed an instrument used to measure nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology. In total, 284 students from eight universities in six regions across South Korea participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 and Amos 22.0. The construct validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and group comparison) and reliability (internal consistency) were analyzed. Three factors and thirteen items related to positive attitudes toward wearable displays were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative explanatory power of 66.22%. One factor and six items were extracted, with an explanatory power of 74.61% for the perceived importance of the wearable display subscale. In the group comparison, differences in the positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology were observed according to the level of satisfaction with college life, level of satisfaction with the nursing major, whether the participants owned a wearable display and whether they would consider purchasing a wearable display. Each factor loading was adequate, according to the confirmatory factor analysis results. Cronbach's α for positive attitudes toward wearable displays was.79, while that for perceived importance of wearable displays was.93. The developed instrument can be used to evaluate nursing students' positive attitudes toward and perceived importance of wearable display technology as an effective learning tool in the future. This study can serve as a basis for developing and applying wearable display technologies in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Platforms negotiate a tension between adaptability and accessibility. • Platforms provide entry points for the private sector in environmental governance. • The "platformization" of citizen science emphasizes passive citizen sensing. • 'Platform-legible' parameters are prioritized over alternative ways of knowing water. Mobile applications are developed and deployed to streamline various aspects of aquatic citizen science, including data collection, storage, sharing, and analysis. Frequently framed as the outcome of technological innovation, the "platformization" of community-based water monitoring (CBWM) involves a negotiation of technical, logistical, organizational, social, and political considerations, and the specific configurations of these intersecting factors have implications for public engagement in freshwater science and monitoring. Based on a review of the literature in platform studies, we identify challenges and risks that "platformization" may pose for citizen science. These risks include extractivism and commodification, scaling tensions, and technological solutionism. We then present five components of the "platform ecosystem of CBWM," which we derived following a review and analysis of methods, tools, and equipment used by CBWM groups listed on two citizen science inventories (SciStarter and CitizenScience.gov). Choices about platform uptake and design have implications not only for the kinds of data that are collected, but for the nature of the participation that they elicit from volunteer participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Reviewing the adverse event data collected in clinical trials is a lengthy and tedious process when these data are presented in the form of tables, data listings, and static graphs. Thus, to enable anyone interested in exploring adverse event data efficiently and relatively independently, we developed AdEPro, a compact, powerful, and easy-to-use interactive app. Description and Use of the App: AdEPro is an app for (audio-)visualizing adverse event data from clinical trials. The app dynamically displays the onset, severity, and development of selected adverse events on the individual subject level and on the treatment group level. This paper illustrates that there are numerous questions related to adverse events that can be approached by means of AdEPro, e.g., questions about temporal aspects of adverse events, associations between adverse events, and the influence of subject characteristics. AdEPro provides quick first answers to such questions; however, it does not provide statistical proof. Essentially, it acts as a versatile "hypothesis generator," helping the user to decide whether further analyses are indicated. No programming knowledge is required for exploring data by means of AdEPro. However, the user needs some basic knowledge of the software R and of extracting data from a clinical data base. The software code is open source, allowing modifications and expansions of the app, if desired. Availability and Implementation: AdEPro can be freely obtained from https://cran.r-project.org/package=adepro. It runs on any computer on which R is installed. Patient data are stored and processed locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although checklists and guidelines for reporting and interpretation of clinical trial results are of immense value there is still room for a biased presentation in journal publications. Two important sources of bias that remain are as follows: (1) The absence of a principle guiding the display of point estimates in abstracts. For example, bias arises, even for a primary endpoint, when the reported point estimate is preferentially selected and does not correspond to the prespecified method of analysis. The benefit of treatment on an endpoint is often communicated through point estimates, and as abstracts contain the main takeaways, establishing ground rules for what to include and what not to include is crucial. (2) A commingling in the body of the publication of results from α-controlled endpoints, non–α-controlled endpoints, and post hoc analyses. The total number of non–α-controlled and post hoc analyses are unknown. Blending a favored selection of these with α-controlled results provides opportunities to overstate or understate findings as desired. Publicly available results provide the grist for the changes proposed to improve reporting standards. Additional changes are recommended as well, including a threshold of significance more stringent than 0.05 for non–α-controlled analyses. For safety, the proposal is to display the data via the mean cumulative function graph for prespecified adverse events of interest. The bottom line is that more objective reporting can be achieved if journals establish standards for reporting of point estimates in abstracts and require a hierarchical display of results in the main body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accident that may occur during maritime transport has substantially tangible, intangible, and environmental consequences. Approximately 85% of accidents at sea depend on human and communication factors. Therefore, it is expected to prevent adverse events in advance and to determine the procedures to be followed with simulator trainings before navigation at sea. National and international agreements set a standard for seafarers' education programs. The use of the simulator is recommended according to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) for maritime training, which is in accordance with international standards. These training programs should be designed to improve seafarers' ability in order to make accurate decisions, think quickly, and find solutions. Developments in the field of technology have enabled a wide range of simulation applications in electronic devices. The studies have shown that the professional knowledge of students has been increased with simulator-based education in many professions. This article presents a comparison that was made between simulation training and theoretical education. Two hundred surveys were conducted for 100 maritime students who received Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) simulation training. It is aimed to measure the effect of ECDIS computer simulators on educational efficiency and suggest the use of simulators for the training of maritime students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we display the uncanny? During the Second World War the medical school of Queen's University (Canada) commissioned artist Marjorie Winslow to make a series of wax teaching models to illustrate childbirth, in three dimensions, for the benefit of medical students. How have curators displayed these obstetric waxworks, which provoke strong feelings of disgust or of horrified empathy? Even in storage in the Museum of Health Care at Kingston, the Winslow waxworks remain concealed behind a curtain, and when they are on display, they are now far more likely to be part of an art exhibition than a medical history display. This paper uses the early history of obstetric waxworks and their display in eighteenth-century Italy to show how medical waxworks have always challenged the disciplinary divide between art and science. This historical context informs our understanding of the display history of the Winslow waxworks and of uncanny objects in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES SOME RESULTS OF AUTHORS' RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPING A SOCIAL VIRTUAL REALITY COLLABORATIVE PLATFORM. THE PLATFORM PROVIDES USERS WITH A WEALTH OF COLLABORATIVE TOOLS THAT MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO INTERACT AND RUN COMPLEX ACTIVITIES REMOTELY IN A VIRTUALLY IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the study and teaching of documentary work with regard to the notion of documentary work offered by professor and psychiatrist Robert Coles. Topics explored include the fascination of Coles in the works of writers such as Anton Chekhov and Charles Dickens, the use of documents such as informants, letters, and school records to provide evidence to a hypothesis, and the similarities between teachers and documentarians acknowledged by Coles.

The focus in spectroscopic measurements of radiation intensity and the spectral distribution of lighting sources as displays in TVs, computers, smart phones and tablets, which have a peak emission in the blue light range (400-490 nm) due to the use of LED technology, is justified as experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions and ocular health. In this work, a series of spectroscopic measurements have been taken as to track the absolute amount of the blue light intensity coming from different illumination sources and devices, against the rest of the spectrum. In addition, the effectiveness of protective means such as coated lenses and digital filters used to reduce the exposure to blue radiation, especially at the workplace, has been investigated. The laboratory equipment needed to carry out the experimental procedure is relatively simple while the commercial devices which can be investigated are everyday used devices such as PC monitors, LCD TVs, smart phones, e-readers and tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) is a technical and complex diagnostic imaging modality. Radiologic technologists must understand the technology well enough to optimize dose and image quality and provide excellent patient care. This article reviews essential physical principles and technical aspects of CT, including physics related to radiation attenuation and CT numbers along with general technical concepts. In addition, the article reviews multislice CT technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine students’ views about infographics prepared for anatomy lesson. A case study, which is one of the qualitative research method, was used as a model. The participants were the registered students for the anatomy course of the Physical Education and Sports Department (PES) at Near East University. During a six weeks educational period, the study was applied with the participation of 140 students. As a preparation, students have been informed about infographics before the study. Then, the infographics about digestive anatomy was presented to the students under the anatomy course curriculum. At the end of the course presentation, a semi-structured interview form was delivered in order to get students’ opinions about infographic and “infographical anatomy” during the course. More than half of the students (n = 74) in the study stated that they did not know the meaning of the word “infographic”, and also much more students (n = 84) stated that they had never seen infographics prior to this study. In the end of the study, the students think that more effective visuals are used by infographics instead of traditional course visuals. They also think that the subject of infographics in general is more understandable and more satisfactory. Moreover, since infographics are easier to remain in the minds, they are much more effective. This study has revealed the presentation by infographics can be used in many other courses. By this research, it can be claimed that infographics are not only more effective but also more permanent in the minds. This teaching method can transmit information to the increasingly widespread use, and thus, the conventional form of lectures might be possible to transform towards easy understandable courses having much more infographics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive systems are traditionally operated with undivided attention. Recently, such systems have begun to involve autonomous system behavior that takes place outside the user's behest and attentional field. In everyday life, people perform actions with varying levels of attention. For example, we routinely wash our hands in our periphery of attention while focusing on having a conversation, or we might consciously focus on washing our hands if trying to remove paint from them. We argue that interactive systems currently cover only two extreme ends of a full spectrum of human attention abilities. With computing technology becoming ubiquitously present, the need increases to seamlessly fit interactions with technology into everyday routines. Inspired by influential early visions on ubiquitous computing (Weiser, 1991; Weiser & Brown, 1997), we believe that interfaces should facilitate interaction at varied levels of attention to achieve this, these being focused interaction, peripheral interaction and implicit interaction. The concept of the interaction-attention continuum presented here aims to support design researchers in facilitating Human-Computer Interaction to shift between these interaction types. We use four case studies on the design of interfaces for interactive lighting systems to illustrate the application of the interactionattention continuum and to discuss considerations for design along the continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an algorithmic conversion process of data written on a weekly basis in the format of data on a monthly basis, including all the data specifics. The aim is to graphically and numerically display the results of the conversion and the size of the errors that is the time running. The main method used for averaging data is average data value. Research shows that the conversion error, ie. loss of the original value is below 2.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) news briefs as of September 1, 2021. The first translation of the Joint Position Statement into Spanish has been posted. The first face-to-face meet-up of the Swiss Medical Writers and Communicators Group has taken place. The EMWA Facebook group will be deleted soon in light of a changing social media landscape.

This study used two different Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to determine the point on a computer screen that the user is looking at. First, an ANN, called ANN1 was developed to identify the eye region of a laptop user from a webcam image. The computer screen was then divided into 57 × 32 blocks of 24 × 24 pixels. One hundred of these were randomly selected, and 20 images were taken by the integrated webcam while the user was looking at each point. The eye region was found on each image by ANN1. This eye region data was used to train another ANN, called ANN2. Twenty blocks were selected, and 20 different images were used as the test set. The coordinates of the block at which the user was looking were determined by ANN2. The deviations between the actual location coordinates and the location coordinates estimated by ANN2 were small. We conclude that our ANN2 was successfully trained to find the viewpoint of the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the public preferred ranges of luminance limits for large-screen displays. Topics covered include the advancements in digital display technologies as in televisions or smartphones, the absolute luminance of large theater screens as compared with computer screens and the diffuse white study. Also mentioned were the high dynamic range (HDR), black diffuse study and small-screen test display.

With the proposed principle of two-dimensional matrix bar code design based on masks, the whole surface of a 2D bar code is used for creating graphic patterns. Masks are a method of overlaying certain information with complete preservation of encoded information. In order to ensure suitable mask performance, it is essential to create a set of masks (mask folder) which are similar to each other. This ultimately allows additional error correction on the whole code level which is proven mathematically through an academic example of a QR code with a matrix of size 9 × 9. In order to create a mask folder, this article will investigate parameters based on Weber's law. With the parameters founded in the research, this principle shows how QR codes, or any other 2D bar code, can be designed to display two different messages. This ultimately enables a better description of a 2D bar code, which will improve users' visual recognition of 2D bar code purpose, and therefore users' greater enjoyment and involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several actuator principles for tactile displays composed of many micro-actuators exist, current actuators do not produce sufficient stroke and force generation. In order to compensate their shortage ability, we developed a new pin-matrix tactile display in which pin-protrusion distribution synchronizes pitch and roll moments applied to the display. In the present study, we evaluated the versatility of a virtual tilt pad presentation that is a progression from our previous study. In the tilt pad presentation, the rotations around the x -axis and y -axis are managed by the centroid position of the operator's fingers. In the evaluation, the subjects tried to compare the size of two virtual spheres to evaluate the 3D-shape presentation capability of the display. Since the sensation thresholds for each subject were low enough, we proved that operators could appreciate a fine distinction of sphere radii generated by the proposed display. In the case of a relatively large sphere, which is the most difficult case because it has the smallest curvature, the discrimination tasks improved with slight tapping as compared to pressing and rubbing with the fingers. Consequently, the manner of presentation can compensate the shortage ability of micro-actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the current and future end-of-life management of electronic displays (flat screen televisions and monitors), and identifies and discusses possible ecodesign recommendations to improve it. Based on an investigation of the treatment of displays in two typical European recycling plants, key aspects and criticalities of the recycling methods (sorting, dismantling and pre-processing) are identified. Disaggregated data concerning on-site measurements of the time needed to manually dismantle different displays are presented. The article also discusses the potential evolution of end-of-life scenarios for electronic displays and suggests possible recommendations for recyclers, producers and policy-makers to promote resource efficiency in the recycling of such waste products. Data on time for dismantling the displays can be used to build measurers for voluntary and mandatory policies, to stimulate design innovations for products improvement, and to assess possible alternative treatments of the waste during the pre-processing at the recycling plants. Some quantitative product measures (based on the time thresholds for dismantling some key components) are also discussed, including an assessment of their economic viability. These measures can potentially be enforced through mandatory and voluntary European product policies, and could also be extended to other product groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]