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In a dynamic shift toward the digitalization of the construction industry, this research heralds a novel data-centric methodology that merges the innovative realms of 4D simulation with process mining to enhance, predict, and analyze the execution phases of construction projects. This pioneering study stands at the forefront of construction project management, offering a sophisticated tool designed to streamline project execution by enabling managers to simulate project workflows, identify potential pitfalls, and foresee critical project parameters including timelines, resource distribution, and potential risks. At its core, the methodology integrates a time-enriched 3D model with the meticulous analysis of project management data through advanced data mining techniques. This approach not only aims to refine the prediction and management of construction risks but also to optimize project execution, thereby elevating the efficiency and output of construction endeavors. The research is structured to unfold in meticulously planned stages, focusing on the synthesis of 4D models with data mining processes, the crafting of predictive algorithms, and their validation in real-world settings. Through this strategic timeline, the research aspires to validate each component of the proposed method, ensuring its efficacy and applicability in the broader construction sector. Furthermore, by bridging the gap between temporal simulation and process analysis, this study is poised to contribute valuable insights and open new avenues for innovation within both the academic sphere and the construction industry at large.

Background: Short-term peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection rates have not been systematically studied in Asian countries, and data on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections incidence by number of short-term peripheral venous catheter days are not available.Methods: Prospective, surveillance study on peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections conducted from 1 September 2013 to 31 May 2019 in 262 intensive care units, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 78 hospitals in 32 cities of 8 countries in the South-East Asia Region: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System.Results: We followed 83,295 intensive care unit patients for 369,371 bed-days and 376,492 peripheral venous catheter-days. We identified 999 peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections, amounting to a rate of 2.65/1000 peripheral venous catheter-days. Mortality in patients with peripheral venous catheter but without peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections was 4.53% and 12.21% in patients with peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections. The mean length of stay in patients with peripheral venous catheter but without peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections was 4.40 days and 7.11 days in patients with peripheral venous catheter and peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections. The microorganism profile showed 67.1% were Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli(22.9%), Klebsiellaspp (10.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5.3%), Enterobacterspp. (4.5%), and others (23.7%). The predominant Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(11.4%).Conclusions: Infection prevention programs must be implemented to reduce the incidence of peripheral venous catheter–associated bloodstream infections.

AbstractBackground:Short-term peripheral venous catheter–related bloodstream infection (PVCR-BSI) rates have not been systematically studied in resource-limited countries, and data on their incidence by number of device days are not available.Methods:Prospective, surveillance study on PVCR-BSI conducted from September 1, 2013, to May 31, 2019, in 727 intensive care units (ICUs), by members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), from 268 hospitals in 141 cities of 42 countries of Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System.Results:We followed 149,609 ICU patients for 731,135 bed days and 743,508 short-term peripheral venous catheter (PVC) days. We identified 1,789 PVCR-BSIs for an overall rate of 2.41 per 1,000 PVC days. Mortality in patients with PVC but without PVCR-BSI was 6.67%, and mortality was 18% in patients with PVC and PVCR-BSI. The length of stay of patients with PVC but without PVCR-BSI was 4.83 days, and the length of stay was 9.85 days in patients with PVC and PVCR-BSI. Among these infections, the microorganism profile showed 58% gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli(16%), Klebsiellaspp (11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(6%), Enterobacterspp (4%), and others (20%) including Serratia marcescens. Staphylococcus aureuswere the predominant gram-positive bacteria (12%).Conclusions:PVCR-BSI rates in INICC ICUs were much higher than rates published from industrialized countries. Infection prevention programs must be implemented to reduce the incidence of PVCR-BSIs in resource-limited countries.

In this paper, we employ the quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) technique to determine the degree of connectedness between seven variables from 1985 to 2019 for the purpose of examining the relationships between the Trade market and Green energy consumption. Based on our findings, dynamic connectedness, which is 24.18% in the short term and 9% in the long term, is influenced by both long-term and short-term periods. Based on the dynamic net total connectedness of a quantile, a quantile of 50% describes the period’s overall connectedness, which is associated both with highly positive changes (above the 80% quantile) and with highly volatile variables (below the 20% quantile) of export, import, and green energy consumption. In both durations, export and import values turn into a net shock transmitter, and green energy consumption acts like a net shock receiver since the last half of the period. In 2008, uncertain events were correlated with dynamic net pairwise directional connectedness over a quantile, such as the Global Financial crisis, have an influence on the trade market and green energy consumption’s volatility.

Abstract: Comprehensive temperature monitoring was done in an in-vessel forced-aeration static-bed composting process using sewage sludge. The three layers that divided the compost pile horizontally showed different temperature distributions. The temperature of the top layer appeared not to be influenced by the ambient temperature. The temperature of the center area of the top layer was taken to be the representative temperature for evaluating composting start-up performance. The temperature of the bottom layer was strongly influenced by the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the center area of the bottom layer was taken to be the representative temperature for pathogen control as it was the minimum temperature in the reactor. Composting start-up performance was influenced by several factors when the ambient temperature was either below or above 20°C. When the ambient temperature was below 20°C, the time taken to reach 65°C (T 65) was influenced by the temperature of inflowing air, but when the temperature was higher than 20°C, it was influenced by the ratio of sewage sludge to seed compost (F/S). T 65 was least when F/S was 1–2.

During 2008, a point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) was conducted in 36 Vietnamese hospitals. Of 7,571 inpatients, 590 (7.8%) had HAIs, including pneumonia (41.9%) and surgical-site infections (27.5%). Device use was a significant risk factor; gram-negative microorganisms predominated. A national reporting system needs to be established for monitoring HAIs and enhancing patient outcomes.

Of 33,111 patients admitted to a large hospital in Vietnam from November 2000 through July 2001, a total of 303 were undergoing hemodialysis and had pyrogenic reactions (ie, fever and/or rigors). Ten case patients (3.3%) had documented bacteremia; pathogens were largely waterborne microorganisms. Pyrogenic reactions in case patients might have occurred because of suboptimal water quality or inadequate dialyzer reprocessing procedures.

The chemical composition of Vietnamese oil samples of the aerial parts of Clausena indica(Dalz.) Oliver and C. anisum-olens(Blanco) Merryll have been investigated using a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. C. indicaessential oil contained mainly terpinolene (53.9 and 56.1%), and myristicin (17.9 and 7.3%), whereas the major components of C. anisum-olensessential were citronellal (22.8%), geranial (21.4%) and neral (16.8%). The compositions of the investigated samples have been compared with those of essential oils from various origins.