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Extremely high temperature in a chip will severely affect the normal operation of electronic equipment; however, the traditional air conditioning cooling technology is unsuitable for integrated circuit cooling. It is necessary to develop convenient and high-efficiency cooling techniques. In this paper, PbHfO3antiferroelectric (PHO AFE) film was fabricated by a sol–gel method and was first found to be a promising electrocaloric (EC) material with high temperature change (ΔT∼ −7.7 K) and acceptable EC strength (|ΔT/ΔE| ∼ 0.023 K cm kV–1) at room temperature. In addition to the negative EC effect (ECE), a large positive ECE can be observed at high temperature. The outstanding ECEs and their combination will make the PHO film one of the potential candidates for next-generation solid-state refrigeration. To understand the underlying physical mechanism for positive and negative ECEs in the PHO AFE film, a modified Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire free-energy theory is adopted.

Purpose To investigate the changes in vault and the effect on visual outcomes 1 year after implantable Collamer lens (ICL) implantation.Methods In this retrospective study, 127 eyes of 66 patients undergoing ICL implantation were examined both before and up to 1 year after the surgery. The examination contents included white-to-white (WTW) diameter, central vault of the ICL (distance between posterior surface of ICL and anterior surface of crystalline lens), refractive error, and wavefront high-order aberration (HOA). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 software.Results A significant decrease in vault was noted up to 1 month, after which the value stabilized (p=0.001). The moderate vault decreased significantly after the first 3 months postsurgery (paired-samples t test, p<0.05). Low vault showed a tendency to increase and high vault showed a tendency to decrease, but not significantly, over time. There was no statistically significant correlation between the amount of vault and the refractive error (Pearson correlation coefficient R=0.111, p=0.473) and there was a statistically significant correlation between the vault and HOAs (R=0.304, p=0.024).Conclusions Implantable Collamer lens vault over the crystalline lens had the tendency toward a slight decrease with time and did not significantly affect the vision outcome 1 year after surgery.