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The reasonable control of the structure of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for improving their peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation activity. In this study, ZIF-67 @ZIF-8 was used as a template to prepare bimetallic core–shell Co-Fe@NC via Fe doping and high-temperature carbonization. Co-Fe@NC maintained the core–shell structure of the original MOF, in which cobalt was uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped graphite carbon skeleton and the surface of the graphite carbon skeleton was covered with iron. With the synergistic effect of the nitrogen-doped graphite carbon skeleton, iron, and cobalt, 100% of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) was removed in 60 min with k obs = 0.062 min−1 in Co-Fe@NC-0.2/PMS system. The addition of iron increased the graphitization degree with I D /I G value increased from 0.98 (Co@NC) to 1.034 (Co-Fe@NC-0.2) and electron transfer rate of the carbon skeleton. Besides, the Co leaching was effectively attenuated from 1.86 mg/L(Co@NC) to 0.78 mg/L (Co-Fe@NC-0.2) by the core-shell structure and bimetal strategy. Both O 2 ·- and 1O 2 contributed to the degradation of TBBPS according to quenching experiments. TBBPS was deeply degraded into small-molecule compounds through three degradation pathways by the Co-Fe@NC-0.2/PMS system. This study provides a new strategy for designing highly efficient bimetal–carbon composites for environmental remediation. [Display omitted] • Co-Fe@NC composed of Co core and Fe-coated carbon skeleton shell were constructed. • Doped Fe acted as the active center to accelerate the electron transfer. • Fe doping promoted the redox cycle of Co2 + ⇋Co3 + and Fe2 + ⇋Fe3 +. • TBBPS was deeply degraded via both radical and non-radical pathway. • Co-Fe@NC exhibited great practical potential for actual environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS analysis identified 69 in Artemisia argyi sesquiterpenoids (AASs), with 17 compounds isolated. • Network pharmacology analysis was used to obtain seven core targets of A. argyi sesquiterpenoids in COVID-19 and the major signaling pathways involved. • Sesquiterpenes with O-diol hydroxyl in the five-membered ring structure of guaiacane lactone are beneficial to inhibit the activity of Mpro, while the structures of α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone and unsaturated ketone form stable hydrogen bonds with iNOS to inhibit the secretion of NO. • Several AASs compounds were found to be effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and reducing inflammation, with Compound 10 (Achillinin C) identified as a promising compound that effectively inhibited the virus and reduced inflammation without impacting normal cell growt. Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot (A. argyi) , a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been commonly used in plague epidemics and has bactericidal and sterilizing pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and molecular mechanism of A. argyi , specifically focusing on its main active components, sesquiterpenoids. A total of 69 sesquiterpenoids were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS, of which 17 compounds were isolated. By integrating multiple databases, 91 overlapping protein targets were found between A. argyi sesquiterpenes and COVID-19, and 7 core targets and major signaling pathways for disease treatment were suggested. The techniques of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV) infection, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have shown that some compounds in A. argyi can effectively inhibit PsV infection and the activities of Mpro and RBD and exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the secretion of NO. Molecular docking further confirmed the binding ability of these compounds to the corresponding proteins. It was found that Compound 10 (Achillinin C) could significantly inhibit the infection of PsV at a concentration of 14.85 μM, showing an anti-inflammatory effect and no obvious cytotoxicity to a variety of cells at this concentration. The study concludes that A. argyi holds promise as a natural treatment for COVID-19, offering multiple sesquiterpenoids with potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings provide a solid foundation for future research on traditional Chinese medicine for epidemic prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plumula nelumbinis , a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known for its calming and nerve-soothing properties, contains essential oil as a primary component. However, research on P. nelumbinis essential oil (PNEO) is limited. This study aimed to investigate PNEO components, network target analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and antioxidant activity of P. nelumbinis from ten different habitats. GC–MS analysis identified 14 compounds in the essential oil, with CP12 (β-Sitosterol) having the highest concentration. Five compounds were identified for the first time in P. nelumbinis , with three of them reported for the first time in the Nelumbo. Network target analysis revealed 185 potential targets for 11 compounds and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that PNEO was mainly located in the plasma membrane and could regulate a variety of molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the essential oil was primarily enriched in pathways related to cancer and the nervous system. PNEO demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with N 8 (Fujiannanping) showing the highest ABTS scavenging capacity and N 7 (Hunanxiangtan) showing the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Cell experiments showed that CP4, CP5 and CP10 had protective effects against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage. The study suggests that P. nelumbinis from different regions may have slightly different pharmacological effects due to the presence of unique compounds, and further research is necessary to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of PNEO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), additional gene–gene, and gene–smoking interaction with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. Methods: Logistic regression is performed to investigate association between SNPs within CRP gene and IS risk. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the gene–gene and gene–smoking interaction, cross-validation consistency, the testing balanced accuracy and the sign test were calculated. Results: Logistic analysis showed that three SNPs were all associated with decreased IS risk in additive and dominant models. The IS risks were lower in carriers of homozygous mutant of rs2794521 polymorphism and heterozygous of rs3093059 and rs1205 than those with wild-type homozygotes genotype, OR (95%CI) were 0.62 (0.40–0.90), 0.68 (0.50–0.96) and 0.65 (0.46–0.97), respectively. GMDR analysis suggested a significant two-locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs2794521 and rs3093059. We also found a significant two-locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs2794521 and smoking. Participants with rs2794521-AG or GG and rs3093059-AG or GG genotype have the lowest IS risk, compared to participants with rs2794521-AA and rs3093059-AA genotype, OR (95%CI) was 0.4 2 (0.233–0.61). In addition, non-smokers with rs2794521-AG or GG genotype have the lowest IS risk, compared to smokers with rs2794521-AA genotype, OR (95%CI) was 0.47 (0.23–0.76). Conclusions: We found that rs2794521, rs3093059, and rs1205 were associated with decreased IS risk; we also found that gene–gene interaction between rs2794521 and rs3093059, and gene–environment interaction between rs2794521 and smoking were associated with decreased IS risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lewy body dementia (LBD) includes dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, which shared a common pathological core feature of cognitive fluctuations. However, the clinical identification of fluctuations is still controversial. With Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG), it becomes possible to observe the neural correlates of fluctuations with a high temporal resolution in LBD. In this multimodel imaging and computational modelling of dementia with lewy bodies (MILOS) study, we combined EEG/MEG to explore the electro‐magnetic biomarkers of fluctuations in LBD. We hypothesized that LBD would show an increased variation in EEG/MEG compared with controls, indicating a potential underlying mechanism for fluctuations in LBD. Method: Nine patients with LBD (mean age=72) and twelve healthy controls (mean age=67) were recruited and an animal/non‐animal object recognition task was conducted. 64‐channel EEG and 306‐channel MEG (including gradiometer (GRM) and magnetometer (MAG)) were simultaneously recorded during this task. Subsequently participants had MRI with T1‐weighted images for EEG/MEG source coregistration. Forward models for EEG/MEG were 3‐Shell Sphere and Single Shell respectively and minimum norm Least‐Squares as the inversion method. The variations of source post‐stimulus in object recognition was assessed. We used standardized clinical batteries to test cognitive functions and overall scalp sensors for EEG/MEG sensor‐level analyses. Result: HC had shorter reaction time and higher accuracy rate than LBD in object recognition. The variations of reaction time across trials in object recognition was significantly higher in LBD than HC. LBD had weaker overall EEG amplitudes and stronger MEG variations across trials for post stimulus than HC. Phase lock value (PLV) indicated different EEG synchronization patterns between groups with higher theta and lower beta synchronization in LBD than HC. The MEG variations across trials in LBD were involved with theta, alpha and beta bands. The MEG variations were negatively correlated with MMSE, ACER, ACE‐III but positively correlated with UPDRS scores. Source variations in LBD involved a network of parietal areas, including postcentral gyrus and superial parietal areas. Conclusion: Our study revealed the possible biomarkers of fluctuations in LBD by using EEG/MEG. It highlighted the importance of electrophysiological correlates of fluctuations in understanding the etiology of LBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether microcystin-LR (MC-LR) influences children's cognitive function and memory ability, we measured serum MC-LR and whole blood lead levels in 697 primary students, and collected their academic and neurobehavioral test scores. The median of serum MC-LR levels was 0.80 µg/L (the value below the limit of detection to 1.67 µg/L). The shapes of the associations of serum MC-LR levels (cut-point: 0.95 µg/L) with scores on academic achievements, digit symbol substitution test and long-term memory test were parabolic curves. Logistic regression analysis showed that MC-LR at concentrations of 0.80–0.95 µg/L was associated with the increased probability of higher achievements on academic achievements [odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–3.79], and also with scores on digit symbol substitution test (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.05–2.86), overall memory quotient (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21–4.26), long-term memory (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.01–3.38) and short-term memory (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14–3.98) after adjustment for confounding factors. Antagonism of MC-LR and lead on long-term memory was observed (synergism index = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.74). In conclusion, serum MC-LR at concentrations of 0.80–0.95 µg/L was positively associated with higher scores on cognitive and neurobehavioral tests, and antagonism between MC-LR at concentrations of 0.80–1.67 µg/L and lead exposure was obviously observed on long-term memory in children. Concerning that MC-LR is a neurotoxin at high doses, our observation is interesting and need further investigation. ga1 • Median of serum microcystin-LR in children was 0.80 µg/L, and maximum 1.67 µg/L. • Microcystin-LR and neurobehavioral score association shapes were parabolic curves. • Microcystin-LR (0.80–0.95 µg/L) positively linked to higher neurobehavioral scores. • Microcystin-LR (above 0.95 µg/L) was negatively associated with scores on 3 tests. • Antagonism of microcystin-LR and lead on long-term memory was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lewy body dementia (LBD) shared a common pathological core feature of cognitive fluctuations. However, the clinical identification of attention fluctuation is still controversial. In this study, we combined EEG and MEG to explore the electrophysiological and magnetic biomarkers of attention fluctuations in LBD. We hypothesized that LBD showed stronger fluctuations in sensor‐level and source‐level EEG and MEG. Method: Nine LBD and twelve healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. We designed an object recognition task, in which an object stimulus appeared on the screen and then the participants were required to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to judge whether this object was an animal or not an animal. There were six blocks, each of which included 12 different animal stimuli and 12 non‐animal stimuli. The animal/non‐animal stimuli were repeated across blocks. EEG and MEG were simultaneously recorded online. Cognitive fluctuations were examined via the variations across all trials (trial‐wise fluctuations) or across blocks (block‐wise fluctuations). Result: (1) healthy controls had shorter reaction time and higher accuracy rate than LBD but the variations of reaction time was significantly higher in LBD than healthy controls. (2) HC had stronger overall EEG amplitudes for post stimulus in line with previous studies about the deficit of object recognition in dementia. The overall single‐trial‐wise variations and block‐wise variations of MAG/GRM were higher in LBD than HC. (3)Although time frequency power didn't showed significant differences between LBD and HC in most electrodes, lower theta phase lock value (PLV) in HC compared to LBD for central‐parietal EEG/MEG electrodes. The central‐parietal EEG/MEG PLV was significantly higher in HC than LBD for alpha, beta and gamma bands. (4) Interestingly, higher single‐trial‐wise phase‐lock values (PLV) variations in LBD compared to HC were mainly from theta band and alpha band for front‐parietal EEG/MEG electrodes. (5) The source localization results showed that trial‐wise and block‐wise source fluctuations in LBD had a tendency to involve a network of parietal areas, including postcentral gyrus, superial parietal areas et al. Conclusion: Our study revealed the possible biomarkers of attention fluctuations in LBD by using EEG and MEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]