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In this study, a type of thiazolium-labeled 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether bridged by diverse alkyl chain lengths was constructed. The antimicrobial activity of the fabricated thioether toward plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi was then screened. Antibacterial evaluation indicated that title compounds possess specific characteristics that enable them to severely attack three phytopathogens, namely, Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodispv. citriwith minimal EC50values of 0.10, 3.27, and 3.50 μg/mL, respectively. Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship models were established to direct the following excogitation for exploring higher active drugs. The in vivo study against plant bacterial diseases further identified the prospective application of title compounds as alternative antibacterial agents. The proteomic technique, scanning electron microscopy patterns, and fluorescence spectrometry were exploited to investigate the antibacterial mechanism. Additionally, some target compounds performed superior inhibitory actions against three tested fungal strains. In view of their simple molecular architecture and highly efficient bioactivity, these substrates could be further explored as promising surrogates for fighting against plant microbial infections.

We used surface treatment technology to handle wasted polyurethane foam in this paper. And made out a series of new oil absorbed foams to realize the waste reused. We used the following two technical schemes to improve oil absorption of the polyurethane foam: 1 Dealing polyurethane foam with tung oil;2 Dealing polyurethane foam with tung oil and organic silicon compoundly. Study shows the oil absorbency is up to 22.4 times when using tung oil, at the same time when the concentration of organic silicon is 1:5 , the oil absorbency is 16 times. The oil absorption effect of polyurethane soft foam which experiences the twenty-minute tung oil processing is the best.

Oil absorbing foam as a new type of the oil absorbing material, its oil absorptive property had a very important researching value in oil spill emergency disposal and the treatment of oily wastewater in daily life and laboratory. Polyurethane foam was used as a basal body material and silicone was used as modifier for the surface-modification to an excellent new kind of polyurethane flexible foam. This kind of foam has the quality of high oil-absorbing and low water-absorbing, by changing the potency of silicone and the amount of polyurethane to get the best treatment plan. The results show that the absorption of per gram of this new kind of foam is 16.89g edible oil, 24.86g diesel oil or 26.89g gasoline.

Cropping systems in the future will need to increase grain yield while reducing greenhouse gas emission per unit of production. Based on the investigation data of the farmers production, applying carbon cost model, we conducted the carbon cost of rice on state-operated farm (13 production teams) in Northeast China Plain. The results were as follows: the carbon cost of rice on Shuanghe Farm was 221.62±26.32 gCO2e kg-1, in which irrigation accounted for 40.68%, chemical fertilizer accounted for 24.55%, mechanical operation accounted for 24.35%, seed accounted for 9.21%, and pesticides accounted for 1.20%, respectively. The carbon cost of rice in different production teams were significantly different (P<0.01), and 20th production teams was the highest (249.56±26.68 gCO2e kg-1) while 10th team was the lowest (190.87±17.09 gCO2e kg-1). The differences of the carbon cost of rice among production teams almost was resulted from irrigation, and it had the potentiality of emission reduction in the production teams with higher carbon cost.

In order to calculate the carbon footprint of agricultural production on farm, this paper, based on the investigation data of the farmers production, applying carbon footprint model, evaluated the carbon footprint (CF) of spring maize production systems (SMPS) on farm and its production teams in Northeast China Plain. The results were as follows: the CF of SMPS was 863.14.42±104.17 kg CO2e ha-1, in which chemical fertilizer accounted for 44.60%, mechanical operation accounted for 42.96%, seed accounted for 9.96%, and pesticides accounted for about 2.48%, respectively. The CF of SMPS in different production teams were significantly different (P<0.01), 18th production teams was the highest (958.37±81.73 kg CO2e ha-1) and 19th team was the lowest (767.84±45.98 kg CO2e ha-1). The differences of the CF of SMPSR among production teams almost was resulted from nitrous fertilizer using. Therefore, it had the potentiality of emission reduction in the production teams with higher CF. Using a fertilizer-saving way to build a low-carbon agricultural cropping pattern, that is an important way to realize agricultural energy saving and emission reduction of farm in the Northeast China Plain.

Results of our workgroups have shown that carbon fibers (CFs) are high quality biofilm carriers with well biocompatibility relative to other polymer carriers used in biofilm sewage treatment. In the present study, two kinds of microorganisms, namely, aerobic nitrifier and facultative aerobic denitrifying bacterium, were immobilized on the surface of different CFs, which the effects of specific area, functional groups and wettability on immobilization of these bacteria was studied. Results show that different microorganism require for different surface properties of CFs. Biomass of immobilized aerobic nitrifier increases with increasing specific areas, surface oxygenic functional groups and wettability of CFs. It can be immobilized more facultative aerobic denitrifying bacterium if there are proper specific areas, surface functional oxygenic group and wettability on the surface of CFs

A novel organic and inorganic hybrid aerogel of RF/SiO2 is synthesized by one-step method of sol-gel polycondensation reaction using resorcinol-formaldehyde and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in ethanol solution, followed by supercritical drying with petroleum ether. The influence of the ratio of raw material on the structure and properties of samples was studied by high resolution electron microscope (HREM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption and infrared ray technology (IR). The results showed that the network structures of RF/SiO2 hybrid aerogels were constituted by an intercross framework of RF and SiO2. The hybrid aerogels can be tuned in bulk density from 0.098 g/cm3 to 0.062 g/cm3 according to the ratio of raw materials. The data of nitrogen adsorption-desorption showed that BET specific surface area was changed from 254 cm2/g to 545 cm2/g, and the pore size of aerogels was in the wide range of 2-10 nm. The investigation of IR spectrum analysis exhibited that there were no chemical bonds formed between SiO2 and RF aerogel.