Search

The integration of learning analytics and artificial intelligence methods into education is part of the latest developments and significantly affects chemistry education (research): researchers might face the challenge of collecting and analyzing content-rich data sets involving interdisciplinary approaches from computer science, chemistry, and chemistry education. Developing a learning platform offers a higher degree of freedom compared to using existing Learning Management Systems. This paper presents a step-by-step overview of how we designed and created the web-based learning platform “I3Learn”. This concrete example showcases how the content management system WordPress can be utilized to develop an online learning infrastructure that enables the application of learning analytics methods. Our approach allows collection of time-accurate log files concerning individual usage behaviors without programming skills. The step-by-step overview enables chemistry education researchers to set up a customized web-based learning platform and lay the data foundation for learning analytics. The value of the I3Learn platform is shown through a compelling use-case scenario involving 580 9th- and 10th-grade learners in German chemistry classrooms. In this scenario, we collected and analyzed half a million log files, and we report exemplary results and insights from the data.

ZusammenfassungDie Nierentransplantation als etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung des terminalen Nierenversagens birgt trotz hoher klinischer Standards besonders im postoperativen Bereich das Risiko zahlreicher Komplikationen. Dabei spielen besonders Rejektionsereignisse und bakterielle, virale sowie mykotische Infektionen eine Rolle. Oftmals sind deren rechtzeitige klinische sowie labordiagnostische Erkennung und die daraus resultierenden therapeutischen Konsequenzen zu ungenau. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher ein praxisnahes Konzept für ein immunologisches Monitoring innerhalb von 28 Beobachtungstagen nach erfolgter Transplantation unter Einbeziehung der Natürlichen Killerzellen (NK) und Natürlichen Killer-T-Zellen (NKT-Zellen) beschrieben. Mittelpunkt des Monitorings ist dabei die durchflusszytometrische Bestimmung der funktionellen Marker NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, CD16 und CXCR3 auf NK- und NKT-Zellen. Beide Zellpopulationen wurden durch die Therapie beeinflusst. Während sich Lebend- und Leichenspende kaum unterschieden und keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den verwendeten Immunsuppressiva gefunden wurden, ergaben sich insbesondere bei den NKT-Zellen Befunde, die eine diagnostische Nutzung dieser Zellen im Transplantatmonitoring möglich erscheinen lassen. Der Verlauf dieser Zellen nach Nierentransplantation weist typische Veränderungen unter Standardimmunsuppression auf und erlaubt die Erkennung von postoperativen Komplikationen.

AbstractNotwithstanding high clinical standards, renal transplantation, as the established procedure for treating terminal renal failure, involves the risk of numerous complications, especially in the postoperative period. Rejection episodes and bacterial, viral as well as fungal infections are of particular relevance. Frequently their timely clinical as well as laboratory identification and the resulting therapeutic consequences are too imprecise. This paper describes a practice-oriented concept for immunological monitoring within 28 days of observation following transplantation, including natural killer cells (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT cells). This monitoring process focuses on flow cytometric identification of the functional markers NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, CD16 and CXCR3 on NK and NKT cells. Both cell populations were influenced by the therapy. While there was hardly any difference between living and cadaver donors and while no significant differences were found between the immunosuppressants, NKT cell findings in particular appear to make a diagnostic use of these cells possible while the graft is being monitored. The development of these cells following renal transplantation shows the changes typical under standard immunosuppression and permits the identification of postoperative complications.