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18 results on '"Hell, R."'

1. Planck Activities at MPA.

Author

Banday, Anthony J., Zaroubi, Saleem, Bartelmann, Matthias, Bartelmann, M., Dolag, K., Banday, A. J., Dannemann, F., Hell, R., and Hovest, W.

Abstract

We summarise activities going on at the Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik (MPA) in preparation of the Planck satellite mission. There are three areas of activity, the development of an automatic process coordinator, the coordination of the development and the integration of an end-to-end data simulation pipeline, and the construction of the archive for all of Planck's final data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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2. Production of cysteine for bacterial and plant biotechnology: Application of cysteine feedback-insensitive isoforms of serine acetyltransferase

Author

Wirtz, M. and Hell, R.

Abstract

Summary.:  The first step of cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants consists in the formation of O-acetylserine catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase (SAT). SAT is highly sensitive to feedback inhibition by cysteine as part of the regulatory circuit of cysteine biosynthesis und thus hampers over-expression and fermentation of cysteine in biotechnological production processes. Since plants contain multiple SAT isoforms with different cysteine feedback sensitivity, this resource was exploited to demonstrate the suitability of plant SATs for the production of cysteine in both bacteria and plants. Three new cDNAs encoding SATs were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. The catalytic activity of SAT4 was insensitive up to 0.6 mM cysteine. Expression of SAT4 in a newly constructed Escherichia coli host strain without endogenous SAT activity yielded a significant accumulation of cysteine in the culture medium compared to expression of cysteine sensitive SATs in the same strain. The application of a similarly insensitive SAT isoform from A. thaliana demonstrated the suitability of this approach to increase cysteine levels in transgenic tobacco plants.

Published
2003
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3. Molecular and biochemical analysis of the enzymes of cysteine biosynthesis in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Author

Hell, R., Jost, R., Berkowitz, O., and Wirtz, M.

Abstract

Summary.: Among the amino acids produced by plants cysteine plays a special role as a mediator between assimilatory sulfate reduction and provision of reduced sulfur for cell metabolism. Part of this characteristic feature is the presence of cysteine synthesis in plastids, mitochondria and cytosol. Plants are the major source of reduced sulfur for human and animal nutrition. Cysteine biosynthesis deserves special attention, since reduced sulfur is channelled from cysteine into many sulfur-containing compounds in food and feed. Recent investigations are reviewed that focus on structure and regulation of cysteine synthesis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These data indicate that cysteine synthesis is not just an intermediate reaction step but that it is part of a regulatory network that mediates between inorganic sulfur supply and the demand for reduced sulfur during plant growth and in response to environmental changes.

Published
2002
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4. Correlation of oesophageal acid exposure with Barrett's oesophagus length.

Author

R, Fass, W, Hell R, S, Garewal H, P, Martinez, G, Pulliam, C, Wendel, and E, Sampliner R

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) plays a major role in the development of Barrett's oesophagus. However, it has yet to be elucidated what factors determine the length of Barrett's mucosa in each individual patient. AIMS: To determine if there is a correlation between oesophageal acid exposure and the length of Barrett's mucosa. We also compared the extent of oesophageal acid exposure between patients with short segment (SSBE) and long segment (LSBE) Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS: Twenty seven patients with Barrett's oesophagus were recruited prospectively into the study from the outpatient gastroenterology clinic at the Southern Arizona VA Health Care System. Diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus and its anatomical characteristics were determined during upper endoscopy. Ambulatory 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring assessed the extent of oesophageal acid exposure. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between per cent total time pH less than 4 and length of Barrett's mucosa (r=0.6234, p=0.0005). In addition, there was a significant correlation between per cent upright and supine time pH less than 4 and length of Barrett's mucosa (r=0.5847, p=0.0014 and r=0.6265 p=0.0006, respectively). Patients with SSBE had significantly less oesophageal acid exposure than patients with LSBE, in terms of both per cent total time and per cent supine time pH less than 4 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The length of Barrett's mucosa correlated with the duration of oesophageal acid exposure. Patients with LSBE experienced significantly more oesophageal acid exposure than patients with SSBE. Duration of oesophageal acid exposure appears to be an important contributing factor in determining the length of Barrett's mucosa.

Published
2001

5. Strategies for the allocation of resources under sulfur limitation in the green alga Dunaliella salina.

Author

Giordano, M, Pezzoni, V, and Hell, R

Abstract

The effect of sulfur limitation on the partitioning of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur was investigated in Dunaliella salina. D. salina was able to adapt to 6 microM sulfate; under these conditions, the cells showed reduced growth and photosynthetic rates. Whereas intracellular sulfate was depleted, phosphate, nitrate, and ammonium increased. Amino acids showed a general increase, and alanine became the most abundant amino acid. The activities of four key enzymes of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism were differentially regulated: Adenosine 5' triphosphate sulfurylase activity increased 4-fold, nitrate reductase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activities decreased 4- and 11-fold, respectively, whereas carbonic anhydrase activity remained unchanged. Sulfur limitation elicited specific increase or decrease of the abundance of several proteins, such us Rubisco, PEP carboxylase, and a light harvesting complex protein. The accumulation of potentially toxic ammonium indicates an insufficient availability of carbon skeletons. Sulfur deficiency thus induces an imbalance between carbon and nitrogen. The dramatic reduction in PEP carboxylase activity suggests that carbon was diverted away from anaplerosis and possibly channeled into C3 metabolism. These results indicate that it is the coordination of key steps and components of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism that allows D. salina to adapt to prolonged sulfur limitation.

Published
2000
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10. A simulation pipeline for the Planck mission

Author

Reinecke, M., Dolag, K., Hell, R., Bartelmann, M., Enßlin, T. A., Reinecke, M., Dolag, K., Hell, R., Bartelmann, M., and Enßlin, T. A.

Abstract

We describe an assembly of numerical tools to model the output data of the Plancksatellite (Tauber 2004, Adv. Space Res., 34, 491). These start with the generation of a CMB sky in a chosen cosmology, add in various foreground sources, convolve the sky signal with arbitrary, even non-symmetric and polarised beam patterns, derive the time-ordered data streams measured by the detectors depending on the chosen satellite-scanning strategy, and include noise signals for the individual detectors and electronic systems. The simulation products are needed to develop, verify, optimise, and characterise the accuracy and performance of all data processing and scientific analysis steps of the Planckmission, including data handling, data integrity checking, calibration, map making, physical component separation, and power spectrum estimation. In addition, the simulations allow detailed studies of the impact of many stochastic and systematic effects on the scientific results. Efficient implementation of the simulation allows extended statistics of signal variances and co-variances to be built up. Although being developed specifically for the Planckmission, it is expected that the framework being employed, as well as most of the simulation tools, will be of use for other experiments and for CMB-related science in general.

Published
2006
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11. Planckearly results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing⋆

Author

Zacchei, A., Maino, D., Baccigalupi, C., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cuttaia, F., de Zotti, G., Dick, J., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Knoche, J., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., López-Caniego, M., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Matthai, F., Meinhold, P. R., Mennella, A., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Natoli, P., Pasian, F., Perrotta, F., Polenta, G., Poutanen, T., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Rohlfs, R., Sandri, M., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Valiviita, J., Villa, F., Zonca, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Bedini, L., Bennett, K., Binko, P., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bremer, M., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Chen, X., Colombo, L., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Troia, G., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Dörl, U., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T. C., Gasparo, F., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giardino, G., Gómez, F., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Hell, R., Herranz, D., Hovest, W., Huynh, M., Jewell, J., Juvela, M., Kisner, T. S., Knox, L., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Leonardi, R., León-Tavares, J., Lilje, P. B., Lubin, P. M., Maggio, G., Marinucci, D., Martínez-González, E., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Meharga, M. T., Melchiorri, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Moss, A., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, D., Pettorino, V., Pietrobon, D., Prézeau, G., Procopio, P., Puget, J.-L., Quercellini, C., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Robbers, G., Rocha, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Salerno, E., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Silk, J. I., Smoot, G. F., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stompor, R., Tofani, G., Toffolatti, L., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N., Vuerli, C., Wade, L. A., Watson, R., White, S. D. M., and Wilkinson, A.

Abstract

We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the PlanckEarly Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/fnoise knee-frequencies range from  ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planckproducts are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the  ≈−10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane.

Published
2011
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12. Planckpre-launch status: The Planckmission

Author

Tauber, J. A., Mandolesi, N., Puget, J.-L., Banos, T., Bersanelli, M., Bouchet, F. R., Butler, R. C., Charra, J., Crone, G., Dodsworth, J., Efstathiou, G., Gispert, R., Guyot, G., Gregorio, A., Juillet, J. J., Lamarre, J.-M., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Passvogel, T., Reix, J. M., Texier, D., Vibert, L., Zacchei, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Aja, B., Alippi, E., Aloy, L., Armand, P., Arnaud, M., Arondel, A., Arreola-Villanueva, A., Artal, E., Artina, E., Arts, A., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Azzaro, M., Bacchetta, A., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balasini, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barbier, G., Barreiro, R. B., Bartelmann, M., Battaglia, P., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Beney, J.-L., Beneyton, R., Bennett, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Biggi, M., Biggins, R., Billig, G., Blanc, Y., Blavot, H., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, R., Bonis, J., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Boschini, L., Boulanger, F., Bouvier, J., Bouzit, M., Bowman, R., Bréelle, E., Bradshaw, T., Braghin, M., Bremer, M., Brienza, D., Broszkiewicz, D., Burigana, C., Burkhalter, M., Cabella, P., Cafferty, T., Cairola, M., Caminade, S., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Carr, R., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Cesa, M., Chaigneau, M., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J. P., Charra, M., Chiang, L.-Y., Chlewicki, G., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Ciancietta, E., Cibrario, M., Cizeron, R., Clements, D., Collaudin, B., Colley, J.-M., Colombi, S., Colombo, A., Colombo, F., Corre, O., Couchot, F., Cougrand, B., Coulais, A., Couzin, P., Crane, B., Crill, B., Crook, M., Crumb, D., Cuttaia, F., Dörl, U., da Silva, P., Daddato, R., Damasio, C., Danese, L., d'Aquino, G., D'Arcangelo, O., Dassas, K., Davies, R. D., Davies, W., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., de Chambure, D., de Gasperis, G., De la Fuente, M. L., De Paco, P., De Rosa, A., De Troia, G., De Zotti, G., Dehamme, M., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Désert, F.-X., di Girolamo, G., Dickinson, C., Doelling, E., Dolag, K., Domken, I., Douspis, M., Doyle, D., Du, S., Dubruel, D., Dufour, C., Dumesnil, C., Dupac, X., Duret, P., Eder, C., Elfving, A., Enßlin, T. A., Eng, P., English, K., Eriksen, H. K., Estaria, P., Falvella, M. C., Ferrari, F., Finelli, F., Fishman, A., Fogliani, S., Foley, S., Fonseca, A., Forma, G., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J.-J., Frailis, M., Franceschet, C., Franceschi, E., François, S., Frerking, M., Gómez-Reñasco, M. F., Górski, K. M., Gaier, T. C., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., García Lázaro, J., Garnica, A., Gaspard, M., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gienger, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Glorian, J.-M., Griffin, M., Gruppuso, A., Guglielmi, L., Guichon, D., Guillaume, B., Guillouet, P., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F. K., Hardy, J., Harrison, D., Hazell, A., Hechler, M., Heckenauer, V., Heinzer, D., Hell, R., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Herreros, J. M., Hervier, V., Heske, A., Heurtel, A., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hills, R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Hollert, D., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huey, G., Huffenberger, K. M., Hughes, N., Israelsson, U., Jackson, B., Jaffe, A., Jaffe, T. R., Jagemann, T., Jessen, N. C., Jewell, J., Jones, W., Juvela, M., Kaplan, J., Karlman, P., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., King, M., Kisner, T. S., Kletzkine, P., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Koch, T., Krassenburg, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lähteenmäki, A., Lagache, G., Lagorio, E., Lami, P., Lande, J., Lange, A., Langlet, F., Lapini, R., Lapolla, M., Lasenby, A., Le Jeune, M., Leahy, J. P., Lefebvre, M., Legrand, F., Le Meur, G., Leonardi, R., Leriche, B., Leroy, C., Leutenegger, P., Levin, S. M., Lilje, P. B., Lindensmith, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., Loc, A., Longval, Y., Lubin, P. M., Luchik, T., Luthold, I., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C., Madden, S., Maffei, B., Magneville, C., Maino, D., Mambretti, A., Mansoux, B., Marchioro, D., Maris, M., Marliani, F., Marrucho, J.-C., Martí-Canales, J., Martínez-González, E., Martín-Polegre, A., Martin, P., Marty, C., Marty, W., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McDonald, A., McGrath, P., Mediavilla, A., Meinhold, P. R., Mélin, J.-B., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mervier, C., Meslier, L., Miccolis, M., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montet, D., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morigi, G., Morinaud, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Mottet, S., Mulder, J., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Murphy, P., Musi, P., Narbonne, J., Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, B., Newell, J., Nexon, M., Nicolas, C., Nielsen, P. H., Ninane, N., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Oldeman, P., Olivier, P., Ouchet, L., Oxborrow, C. A., Pérez-Cuevas, L., Pagan, L., Paine, C., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pancher, F., Panh, J., Parks, G., Parnaudeau, P., Partridge, B., Parvin, B., Pascual, J. P., Pasian, F., Pearson, D. P., Pearson, T., Pecora, M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piersanti, O., Plaige, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poulleau, G., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Pradell, L., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Rachen, J. P., Rambaud, D., Rame, F., Rasmussen, I., Rautakoski, J., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Reiter, J., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Rideau, P., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Riti, J. B., Rocha, G., Roche, Y., Pons, R., Rohlfs, R., Romero, D., Roose, S., Rosset, C., Rouberol, S., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusconi, P., Rusholme, B., Salama, M., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Sanz, J. L., Sauter, L., Sauvage, F., Savini, G., Schmelzel, M., Schnorhk, A., Schwarz, W., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Shih, C., Sias, M., Silk, J. I., Silvestri, R., Sippel, R., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J.-L., Stassi, P., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Stringhetti, L., Strommen, D., Stute, T., Sudiwala, R., Sugimura, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Türler, M., Taddei, E., Tallon, J., Tamiatto, C., Taurigna, M., Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Thuerey, S., Tillis, J., Tofani, G., Toffolatti, L., Tommasi, E., Tomasi, M., Tonazzini, E., Torre, J.-P., Tosti, S., Touze, F., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Tuttlebee, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vallée, D., van der Vlis, M., Van Leeuwen, F., Vanel, J.-C., Van-Tent, B., Varis, J., Vassallo, E., Vescovi, C., Vezzu, F., Vibert, D., Vielva, P., Vierra, J., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Vuerli, C., Wade, L. A., Walker, A. R., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., Werner, D., White, M., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Woodcraft, A., Yoffo, B., Yun, M., Yurchenko, V., Yvon, D., Zhang, B., Zimmermann, O., Zonca, A., and Zorita, D.

Abstract

The European Space Agency's Plancksatellite, launched on 14 May 2009, is the third-generation space experiment in the field of cosmic microwave background (CMB) research. It will image the anisotropies of the CMB over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity (${{\Delta T}\over T}$~ 2 × 10-6) and angular resolution (~5 arcmin). Planckwill provide a major source of information relevant to many fundamental cosmological problems and will test current theories of the early evolution of the Universe and the origin of structure. It will also address a wide range of areas of astrophysical research related to the Milky Way as well as external galaxies and clusters of galaxies. The ability of Planckto measure polarization across a wide frequency range (30-350 GHz), with high precision and accuracy, and over the whole sky, will provide unique insight, not only into specific cosmological questions, but also into the properties of the interstellar medium. This paper is part of a series which describes the technical capabilities of the Planckscientific payload. It is based on the knowledge gathered during the on-ground calibration campaigns of the major subsystems, principally its telescope and its two scientific instruments, and of tests at fully integrated satellite level. It represents the best estimate before launch of the technical performance that the satellite and its payload will achieve in flight. In this paper, we summarise the main elements of the payload performance, which is described in detail in the accompanying papers. In addition, we describe the satellite performance elements which are most relevant for science, and provide an overview of the plans for scientific operations and data analysis.

Published
2010

13. Planckpre-launch status: The Planck-LFI programme

Author

Mandolesi, N., Bersanelli, M., Butler, R. C., Artal, E., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartelmann, M., Bennett, K., Bhandari, P., Bonaldi, A., Borrill, J., Bremer, M., Burigana, C., Bowman, R. C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C., Cappellini, B., Courvoisier, T., Crone, G., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Angelis, L., de Gasperis, G., De Rosa, A., De Troia, G., de Zotti, G., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Dörl, U., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T., Galeotta, S., Gasparo, F., Giardino, G., Gomez, F., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F., Hell, R., Herranz, D., Herreros, J. M., Hildebrandt, S., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R., Huffenberger, K., Janssen, M., Jaffe, T., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lähteenmäki, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S. M., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Levin, S., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Lowe, S. R., Lubin, P. M., Maino, D., Malaspina, M., Maris, M., Marti-Canales, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Meinhold, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Morgante, G., Morigi, G., Morisset, N., Moss, A., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Nesti, R., Paine, C., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Passvogel, T., Pearson, D., Pérez-Cuevas, L., Perrotta, F., Polenta, G., Popa, L. A., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Rocha, G., Roddis, N., Rohlfs, R., Rubiño-Martin, J. A., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M., Silk, J., Simonetto, A., Smoot, G. F., Sozzi, C., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stringhetti, L., Tauber, J., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L., White, M., White, S., Wilkinson, A., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) programme within the ESA Planck mission. The LFI instrument has been developed to produce high precision maps of the microwave sky at frequencies in the range 27–77 GHz, below the peak of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation spectrum. The scientific goals are described, ranging from fundamental cosmology to Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics. The instrument design and development are outlined, together with the model philosophy and testing strategy. The instrument is presented in the context of the Planck mission. The LFI approach to ground and inflight calibration is described. We also describe the LFI ground segment. We present the results of a number of tests demonstrating the capability of the LFI data processing centre (DPC) to properly reduce and analyse LFI flight data, from telemetry information to calibrated and cleaned time ordered data, sky maps at each frequency (in temperature and polarization), component emission maps (CMB and diffuse foregrounds), catalogs for various classes of sources (the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue and the Final Compact Source Catalogue). The organization of the LFI consortium is briefly presented as well as the role of the core team in data analysis and scientific exploitation. All tests carried out on the LFI flight model demonstrate the excellent performance of the instrument and its various subunits. The data analysis pipeline has been tested and its main steps verified. In the first three months after launch, the commissioning, calibration, performance, and verification phases will be completed, after which Planck will begin its operational life, in which LFI will have an integral part.

Published
2010

14. Planckpre-launch status: The Planckmission

Author

Tauber, J. A., Mandolesi, N., Puget, J.-L., Banos, T., Bersanelli, M., Bouchet, F. R., Butler, R. C., Charra, J., Crone, G., Dodsworth, J., Efstathiou, G., Gispert, R., Guyot, G., Gregorio, A., Juillet, J. J., Lamarre, J.-M., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Passvogel, T., Reix, J. M., Texier, D., Vibert, L., Zacchei, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Aja, B., Alippi, E., Aloy, L., Armand, P., Arnaud, M., Arondel, A., Arreola-Villanueva, A., Artal, E., Artina, E., Arts, A., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Azzaro, M., Bacchetta, A., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balasini, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barbier, G., Barreiro, R. B., Bartelmann, M., Battaglia, P., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Beney, J.-L., Beneyton, R., Bennett, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Biggi, M., Biggins, R., Billig, G., Blanc, Y., Blavot, H., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, R., Bonis, J., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Boschini, L., Boulanger, F., Bouvier, J., Bouzit, M., Bowman, R., Bréelle, E., Bradshaw, T., Braghin, M., Bremer, M., Brienza, D., Broszkiewicz, D., Burigana, C., Burkhalter, M., Cabella, P., Cafferty, T., Cairola, M., Caminade, S., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Carr, R., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Cesa, M., Chaigneau, M., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J. P., Charra, M., Chiang, L.-Y., Chlewicki, G., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Ciancietta, E., Cibrario, M., Cizeron, R., Clements, D., Collaudin, B., Colley, J.-M., Colombi, S., Colombo, A., Colombo, F., Corre, O., Couchot, F., Cougrand, B., Coulais, A., Couzin, P., Crane, B., Crill, B., Crook, M., Crumb, D., Cuttaia, F., Dörl, U., da Silva, P., Daddato, R., Damasio, C., Danese, L., d'Aquino, G., D'Arcangelo, O., Dassas, K., Davies, R. D., Davies, W., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., de Chambure, D., de Gasperis, G., De la Fuente, M. L., De Paco, P., De Rosa, A., De Troia, G., De Zotti, G., Dehamme, M., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Désert, F.-X., di Girolamo, G., Dickinson, C., Doelling, E., Dolag, K., Domken, I., Douspis, M., Doyle, D., Du, S., Dubruel, D., Dufour, C., Dumesnil, C., Dupac, X., Duret, P., Eder, C., Elfving, A., Enßlin, T. A., Eng, P., English, K., Eriksen, H. K., Estaria, P., Falvella, M. C., Ferrari, F., Finelli, F., Fishman, A., Fogliani, S., Foley, S., Fonseca, A., Forma, G., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J.-J., Frailis, M., Franceschet, C., Franceschi, E., François, S., Frerking, M., Gómez-Reñasco, M. F., Górski, K. M., Gaier, T. C., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., García Lázaro, J., Garnica, A., Gaspard, M., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gienger, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Glorian, J.-M., Griffin, M., Gruppuso, A., Guglielmi, L., Guichon, D., Guillaume, B., Guillouet, P., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F. K., Hardy, J., Harrison, D., Hazell, A., Hechler, M., Heckenauer, V., Heinzer, D., Hell, R., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Herreros, J. M., Hervier, V., Heske, A., Heurtel, A., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hills, R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Hollert, D., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huey, G., Huffenberger, K. M., Hughes, N., Israelsson, U., Jackson, B., Jaffe, A., Jaffe, T. R., Jagemann, T., Jessen, N. C., Jewell, J., Jones, W., Juvela, M., Kaplan, J., Karlman, P., Keck, F., Keihänen, E., King, M., Kisner, T. S., Kletzkine, P., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Koch, T., Krassenburg, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lähteenmäki, A., Lagache, G., Lagorio, E., Lami, P., Lande, J., Lange, A., Langlet, F., Lapini, R., Lapolla, M., Lasenby, A., Le Jeune, M., Leahy, J. P., Lefebvre, M., Legrand, F., Le Meur, G., Leonardi, R., Leriche, B., Leroy, C., Leutenegger, P., Levin, S. M., Lilje, P. B., Lindensmith, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., Loc, A., Longval, Y., Lubin, P. M., Luchik, T., Luthold, I., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C., Madden, S., Maffei, B., Magneville, C., Maino, D., Mambretti, A., Mansoux, B., Marchioro, D., Maris, M., Marliani, F., Marrucho, J.-C., Martí-Canales, J., Martínez-González, E., Martín-Polegre, A., Martin, P., Marty, C., Marty, W., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McDonald, A., McGrath, P., Mediavilla, A., Meinhold, P. R., Mélin, J.-B., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mervier, C., Meslier, L., Miccolis, M., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montet, D., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morigi, G., Morinaud, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Mottet, S., Mulder, J., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Murphy, P., Musi, P., Narbonne, J., Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, B., Newell, J., Nexon, M., Nicolas, C., Nielsen, P. H., Ninane, N., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Oldeman, P., Olivier, P., Ouchet, L., Oxborrow, C. A., Pérez-Cuevas, L., Pagan, L., Paine, C., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pancher, F., Panh, J., Parks, G., Parnaudeau, P., Partridge, B., Parvin, B., Pascual, J. P., Pasian, F., Pearson, D. P., Pearson, T., Pecora, M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piersanti, O., Plaige, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poulleau, G., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Pradell, L., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Rachen, J. P., Rambaud, D., Rame, F., Rasmussen, I., Rautakoski, J., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Reiter, J., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Rideau, P., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Riti, J. B., Rocha, G., Roche, Y., Pons, R., Rohlfs, R., Romero, D., Roose, S., Rosset, C., Rouberol, S., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusconi, P., Rusholme, B., Salama, M., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Sanz, J. L., Sauter, L., Sauvage, F., Savini, G., Schmelzel, M., Schnorhk, A., Schwarz, W., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Shih, C., Sias, M., Silk, J. I., Silvestri, R., Sippel, R., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J.-L., Stassi, P., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Stringhetti, L., Strommen, D., Stute, T., Sudiwala, R., Sugimura, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Türler, M., Taddei, E., Tallon, J., Tamiatto, C., Taurigna, M., Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Thuerey, S., Tillis, J., Tofani, G., Toffolatti, L., Tommasi, E., Tomasi, M., Tonazzini, E., Torre, J.-P., Tosti, S., Touze, F., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Tuttlebee, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vallée, D., van der Vlis, M., Van Leeuwen, F., Vanel, J.-C., Van-Tent, B., Varis, J., Vassallo, E., Vescovi, C., Vezzu, F., Vibert, D., Vielva, P., Vierra, J., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Vuerli, C., Wade, L. A., Walker, A. R., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., Werner, D., White, M., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Woodcraft, A., Yoffo, B., Yun, M., Yurchenko, V., Yvon, D., Zhang, B., Zimmermann, O., Zonca, A., and Zorita, D.

Abstract

The European Space Agency's Plancksatellite, launched on 14 May 2009, is the third-generation space experiment in the field of cosmic microwave background (CMB) research. It will image the anisotropies of the CMB over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity (${{\Delta T}\over T}$~ 2 × 10-6) and angular resolution (~5 arcmin). Planckwill provide a major source of information relevant to many fundamental cosmological problems and will test current theories of the early evolution of the Universe and the origin of structure. It will also address a wide range of areas of astrophysical research related to the Milky Way as well as external galaxies and clusters of galaxies. The ability of Planckto measure polarization across a wide frequency range (30-350 GHz), with high precision and accuracy, and over the whole sky, will provide unique insight, not only into specific cosmological questions, but also into the properties of the interstellar medium. This paper is part of a series which describes the technical capabilities of the Planckscientific payload. It is based on the knowledge gathered during the on-ground calibration campaigns of the major subsystems, principally its telescope and its two scientific instruments, and of tests at fully integrated satellite level. It represents the best estimate before launch of the technical performance that the satellite and its payload will achieve in flight. In this paper, we summarise the main elements of the payload performance, which is described in detail in the accompanying papers. In addition, we describe the satellite performance elements which are most relevant for science, and provide an overview of the plans for scientific operations and data analysis.

Published
2010
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15. Planckpre-launch status: The Planck-LFI programme

Author

Mandolesi, N., Bersanelli, M., Butler, R. C., Artal, E., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartelmann, M., Bennett, K., Bhandari, P., Bonaldi, A., Borrill, J., Bremer, M., Burigana, C., Bowman, R. C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C., Cappellini, B., Courvoisier, T., Crone, G., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Angelis, L., de Gasperis, G., De Rosa, A., De Troia, G., de Zotti, G., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Dörl, U., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T., Galeotta, S., Gasparo, F., Giardino, G., Gomez, F., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F., Hell, R., Herranz, D., Herreros, J. M., Hildebrandt, S., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R., Huffenberger, K., Janssen, M., Jaffe, T., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lähteenmäki, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S. M., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Levin, S., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Lowe, S. R., Lubin, P. M., Maino, D., Malaspina, M., Maris, M., Marti-Canales, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Meinhold, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Morgante, G., Morigi, G., Morisset, N., Moss, A., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Nesti, R., Paine, C., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Passvogel, T., Pearson, D., Pérez-Cuevas, L., Perrotta, F., Polenta, G., Popa, L. A., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Rocha, G., Roddis, N., Rohlfs, R., Rubiño-Martin, J. A., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M., Silk, J., Simonetto, A., Smoot, G. F., Sozzi, C., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stringhetti, L., Tauber, J., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L., White, M., White, S., Wilkinson, A., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) programme within the ESA Planck mission. The LFI instrument has been developed to produce high precision maps of the microwave sky at frequencies in the range 27–77 GHz, below the peak of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation spectrum. The scientific goals are described, ranging from fundamental cosmology to Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics. The instrument design and development are outlined, together with the model philosophy and testing strategy. The instrument is presented in the context of the Planck mission. The LFI approach to ground and inflight calibration is described. We also describe the LFI ground segment. We present the results of a number of tests demonstrating the capability of the LFI data processing centre (DPC) to properly reduce and analyse LFI flight data, from telemetry information to calibrated and cleaned time ordered data, sky maps at each frequency (in temperature and polarization), component emission maps (CMB and diffuse foregrounds), catalogs for various classes of sources (the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue and the Final Compact Source Catalogue). The organization of the LFI consortium is briefly presented as well as the role of the core team in data analysis and scientific exploitation. All tests carried out on the LFI flight model demonstrate the excellent performance of the instrument and its various subunits. The data analysis pipeline has been tested and its main steps verified. In the first three months after launch, the commissioning, calibration, performance, and verification phases will be completed, after which Planck will begin its operational life, in which LFI will have an integral part.

Published
2010
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