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Sleep is essential to adolescent development. Sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) adults are at high risk for poor sleep, partially due to minority stress (e.g., discrimination). However, sleep has rarely been studied among SGM adolescents. In a national sample of early adolescents, we analyzed sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) identity, gender incongruence, and gender nonconformity in association with sleep and tested minority and general stressors as mediators. We cross-sectionally analyzed data from 10,070 adolescents aged 10–14 in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study. Using logistic regression models, we analyzed associations between identity (SM and GM), sexual identity discrimination, minority and general stressors (sexual identity discrimination, teasing, and conflict with parents) and sleep health (duration, latency, and disturbance). We used Baron and Kenny's method to test for mediation. Participants reported sexual identity (4% SM, 4% questioning) and gender identity (0.4% GM, 0.6% questioning); 65% were White, 20% were Hispanic, and 52% were assigned male at birth. Compared to heterosexual, SM participants had higher odds of short sleep duration, long sleep latency, and sleep disturbance. GM participants and those reporting gender incongruence and nonconformity had higher odds of long sleep latency and sleep disturbance. Sexual identity discrimination and general social stressors partially mediated some associations. SGM participants reported poorer sleep. Minority and general social stressors partially accounted for some disparities. Policies need to address SGM identity-based discrimination and challenge social norms that produce minority stress for SGM early adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to investigate the association between racial iniquities and oral health status. This is a systematic review with a protocol registered on the Prospero Platform (CRD42021228417), with searches carried out in electronic databases and in gray literature. Our study identified 3,028 publications. After applying the eligibility criteria and risk of bias analysis, 18 studies were selected. The results indicate that individuals of black/brown race/skin color have unfavorable oral health conditions, mainly represented by self-rated oral health, tooth loss, caries, and periodontitis. The results showed racial iniquities in oral health in different countries, for all analyzed indicators, with a greater vulnerability of the black population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the predictors of postpartum depression and to examine the effects of maternal racial identity on postpartum depression among women with low incomes in the United States. Study Design and Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis using baseline data from the Baby's First Years study, including postpartum women living below the federal poverty line who were recruited from four diverse communities in the United States. Postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Logistic regressions were performed to identify associations between pre-identified postpartum depression risk factors and postpartum depression among participants, followed by predictive margins analyses to elaborate on probability of postpartum depression across different racial identity groups in the sample. Results: The sample included 1,051 postpartum women. Almost one-half of participants identified as Black (45.9%), followed by White (20.7%), American Indian (1.8%), and Asian (1.3%). Prevalence of postpartum depression in the sample was 24%. Financial insecurity and alcohol use were positively associated with postpartum depression, whereas level of education and reported physical health were negatively associated with postpartum depression. Mothers who identified as Black had an 8.3% higher probability of postpartum depression than that of White mothers in the sample. Clinical Implications: Nurses working with populations with low income should assess social determinants of health to provide holistic mental health care. Women with low incomes should be referred to resources which account for their financial burden. Racial disparities exist in perinatal care, and birth and postpartum mental health outcomes. It is crucial to address the systemic racism faced by Black mothers experiencing postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aimed to identify regional differences in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households and predict the determinants. Methods: This study used data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Geographically weighted regression analysis was performed on 8,625 adult males in single-person households who had been consuming alcohol for the past year. The Si-Gun-Gu was selected as the spatial unit. Results: The top 10 regions for problem drinking among adult males in single-person households were located in the Jeju-do and Jeollanam-do areas near the southern coast, whereas the bottom 10 regions were located in the Incheon and northern Gyeonggi-do areas. Smoking, economic activity, and educational level were common factors affecting problem drinking among this population. Among the determinants of regional disparities in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households, personal factors included age, smoking, depression level, economic activity, educational level, and leisure activity, while regional factors included population and karaoke venue ratio. Conclusion: Problem drinking among adult males in single-person households varies by region, and the variables affecting each particular area differ. Therefore, it is necessary to develop interventions tailored to individuals and regions that reflect the characteristics of each region by prioritizing smoking, economic activity, and educational level as the common factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that allows a systematic evaluation of the impact of self-perceived oral health on expectations of getting a job on adult population seeking dental care, and to describe its associations with demographic characteristics, job related, and health coverage variables. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study including men and women aged 18 to 65 years from a population seeking dental services in a walk-in clinic. In a first stage we design and validated an instrument on a sample of 100 subjects. The questionnaire was registered in a Likert scale, with higher scores represented higher impact of the oral status self-perception on employability. We calculated internal consistency, construct validity, and domains validation. The final instrument consisted in an 18-item questionnaire (Cronbach α = 0.814), grouped into two domains based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The total variance explained with values >1 was 66 percent, grouping questions into six components. One domain refers to oral health status and importance of dental aesthetics, while the other refers to specific job-seeking elements. In a second stage we applied the questionnaire on 800 participants from the same population of reference. Women, people who intended to change jobs, those younger than 40 years old, having health insurance, and higher educational level showed statistically significant higher scores than their counterparts (p<0.001). We developed a tool that enables evaluating the impact of self-perceived oral health on expectations of getting a job for adults seeking emergency care in a dental clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to characterize physical violence by an intimate partner suffered by adult women treated in public urgency and emergency services in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the VIVA Survey 2017. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals of the characteristics of the victim, violence, and perpetrator were calculated. The associations of characteristics were identified through Simple Correspondence Analysis (SCA). More than half of the assisted women self-declared their race/skin color to be black (70.2%) and were the victim of a male perpetrator (96.3%). Most violence occurred at home (71.1%) through physical force (74.1%). In the SCA, an association was found among the variables of age group, between 40 and 59 years; level of education, up to 08 years of study; alcohol consumption by the victim; and violence by weapons (Profile 2). An association was also found among the variables of age group, between 18 and 24 years; black race/skin color; lack of paid work; aggression on public places; and more serious injuries (Profile 4). There are different intimate partner violence (IPV) profiles for women in different contexts. Confronting IPV requires Public Policies that consider these differences in the construction of actions that focus on women and perpetrators of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work studies how community health workers (CHWs) perform the role of educator and how this relates to the implementation of other CHW roles, skills, and qualities. Prior studies on this topic have relied on interviews or focus groups rather than analysis of CHW interactions. We conducted a thematic analysis of 24 transcripts of conversations occurring between CHWs and participants during home visits as part of the Mexican American Trial of Community Health Workers, a randomized controlled trial that improved clinical outcomes among low-income Mexican American adults with type 2 diabetes. Three themes describing interactions related to diabetes self-management education accounted for about half of encounter content. The other half of encounter content was dedicated to interactions not explicitly related to diabetes described by 4 subthemes. In a successful CHW intervention, focused educational content was balanced with other interactions. Interactions not explicitly related to diabetes may have provided space for the implementation of core CHW roles, skills, and qualities other than educator, particularly those related to relationship building. It is important that interventions provide CHWs with sufficient time and flexibility to develop strong relationships with participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our goal was to assess patterns of adoption and population-level outcomes of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and association with surgical outcomes across a sample of U.S. elderly. Materials and Methods: This population-based retrospective study used Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data from 2003-2016 to identify men receiving prostatectomy for prostate cancer. We characterized the proportion of men receiving preoperative MRI in each year and in each hospital referral region (HRR). A 2-stage instrumental variable analysis was performed to assess the association of preoperative MRI with margin status, surgical complications and further cancer-directed therapies. Results: A total of 19,369 men received prostatectomy in 72 HRRs; the mean age was 70.2 years (SD 3.2). The proportion of men receiving a preoperative MRI increased from 2.9% to 28.2% over the study period and ranged from 0.0% to 28.8% in the different HRRs. In our instrumental variable analysis, preoperative MRI was associated with lower odds of positive surgical margin (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97, p=0.01) lower odds of blood transfusions at 30 and 90 days (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38-0.83, p=0.003 and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.84, p=0.004) but higher odds of further treatments (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32-1.70, p <0.001). Conclusions: Given that a minority of men receive presurgical MRIs with marked geographic variability, the association of MRI with lower odds of positive surgical margin suggests that efforts to support the dissemination of prostate MRI may improve surgical outcomesdbut may come with a tendency for more resource-intensive cancer care overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with self-reported arterial hypertension, as well as its prevalence in the Brazilian adult population. METHODS: Data from 88,531 individuals aged 18 years or older who responded to the 2019 National Health Survey were analyzed. The outcome studied was self-reported arterial hypertension. Sociodemographic variables and clinical and lifestyle conditions were considered as exposures. The prevalence ratio (PR), crude and adjusted for sex, age, and schooling was used as a measure of association to verify the factors related to its prevalence, obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported arterial hypertension was of 23.9% (95%CI: 23.4-24.4). When adjusting for age, sex, and schooling, the adjusted Prevalence Ratios (APR) were higher among: regular health self-assessment (APR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.5-1.6) and bad health self-assessment (APR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.6-1.8); self-reference to heart disease (APR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.6-1.7), diabetes (APR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.6-1.8), high cholesterol (APR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.6-1.7), overweight (APR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.4-1.5), and obesity (APR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.9-2.1); high salt intake (APR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0-1.1); higher among former smokers (APR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.1-1.2) and lower among smokers (APR = 0.9; 95%CI: 0.8-0.9); and consumption of ultra-processed foods (APR = 0.9; 95%CI: 0.8-0.9). CONCLUSION: A quarter of the Brazilian adult population claims to have arterial hypertension, more prevalent among women and associated with older age groups, Black, mixed-race, and others, low schooling, high salt intake, former smoking, presence of comorbidities, and worse health self-assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Describe the temporal evolution of morbimortality due to Covid-19 and vaccination coverage during the health emergency in Brazil. METHODS: Number of cases and deaths due to Covid-19 were extracted from the public panel of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, according to epidemiological week (EW) and geographic region. Data on vaccines and variants were obtained, respectively, from the Information System of the National Immunization Program and the Genomic Surveillance System of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Three peaks of deaths characterized the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic: in EW 30 of 2020, in the EW 14 of 2021 and in the EW six of 2022; three case waves, starting in the North and Northeast regions, with higher rates in the third wave, mainly in the South region. Vaccination started in the epidemiological week three of 2021, rapidly reaching most of the population, particularly in the Southeast and South regions, coinciding with a reduction exclusively in the mortality rate in the third wave. Only from the beginning of the second wave, when Gama was the dominant variant, 146,718 genomes were sequenced. From the last EW of 2021, with vaccination coverage already approaching 70%, the Omicron variant caused an avalanche of cases, but with fewer deaths. CONCLUSIONS: We noticed the presence of three waves of Covid-19, as well as the effect of immunization on the reduction of mortality in the second and third waves, attributed to the Delta and Omicron variants, respectively. However, the reduction of morbidity, which peaked in the third wave during the domination of the Omicron variant, remained the same. The national and centralized command of the pandemic confrontation did not occur; thus, public administrators took the lead in their territories. The overwhelming effect of the pandemic could have been minimized, if there had been a coordinated participation of three spheres of the Brazilian Unified Health System administration, in the joint governance of the pandemic fight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Summarize the literature on the relationship between composite socioeconomic indicators and mortality in different geographical areas of Brazil. METHODS: This scoping review included articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2020, retrieved by means of a bibliographic search carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. Studies reporting on the association between composite socioeconomic indicators and all-cause, or specific cause of death in any age group in different geographical areas were selected. The review summarized the measures constructed, their associations with the outcomes, and potential study limitations. RESULTS: Of the 77 full texts that met the inclusion criteria, the study reviewed 24. The area level of composite socioeconomic indicators analyzed comprised municipalities (n = 6), districts (n = 5), census tracts (n = 4), state (n = 2), country (n = 2), and other areas (n = 5). Six studies used composite socioeconomic indicators such as the Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product, and the Gini Index; the remaining 18 papers created their own socioeconomic measures based on sociodemographic and health indicators. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality, external cause mortality, suicide, homicide, fetal and infant mortality, respiratory and circulatory diseases, stroke, infectious and parasitic diseases, malnutrition, gastroenteritis, and oropharyngeal cancer. Higher mortality rates due to colorectal cancer, leukemia, a general group of neoplasms, traffic accident, and suicide, in turn, were observed in less deprived areas and/or those with more significant socioeconomic development. Underreporting of death and differences in mortality coverage in Brazilian areas were cited as the main limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Studies analyzed mortality inequalities in different geographical areas by means of composite socioeconomic indicators, showing that the association directions vary according to the mortality outcome. But studies on all-cause mortality and at the census tract level remain scarce. The results may guide the development of new composite socioeconomic indicators for use in mortality inequality analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Historically, stillbirth risk factors are more prevalent among non-Hispanic Black women than non-Hispanic White women, including age < 20, lower formal educational attainment, prepregnancy obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, short interpregnancy interval, small for gestational age newborn, late prenatal care, and previous cesarean birth. We examined whether these disparities have changed since 2011 and identified a group of risk factors that differed between Black women and White women when accounting for correlations among variables. Methods: In a random sample of 315 stillbirths from the National Center for Health Statistics' 2016 fetal death data, Black women and White women were compared for each risk factor using t -tests or chi-square tests. Variables with p ≤.20 were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: In this sample, Black women experiencing stillbirth were less likely to have a Bachelor's degree (12.94% vs. 28.49%, p =.04), and more likely to be obese (44.5% vs. 29.1%, p =.01) than White women. Multivariate analysis accounting for correlations among variables showed a group of risk factors that differed between Black women and White women: age < 20, lower education, prepregnancy obesity, hypertension (chronic and pregnancy-associated), nulliparity before stillbirth, and earlier gestation. Clinical Implications: Less formal education, obesity, age <20, hypertension, chronic and pregnancy-associated, nulliparity, and earlier gestation are important to consider in multilevel stillbirth prevention interventions to decrease racial disparity in stillbirth. Respectfully listening to women and taking their concerns seriously is one way nurses and other health care providers can promote equity in health outcomes for childbearing women. Non-Hispanic Black women in the United States are at increased risk for stillbirth when compared to non-Hispanic White women. This study used vital statistics data to highlight health disparities in maternity outcomes. Recommendations for improvement in maternity care are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mortality indicators for Brazilians aged between 10 and 24 years old were analyzed. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study, and absolute numbers, proportion of deaths and specific mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, according to age group (10 to 14, 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years), sex and causes of death for Brazil, regions and Brazilian states. There was a reduction of 11.8% in the mortality rates of individuals aged between 10 and 24 years in the investigated period. In 2019, there were 13,459 deaths among women, corresponding to a reduction of 30.8% in the period. Among men there were 39,362 deaths, a reduction of only 6.2%. There was an increase in mortality rates in the North and Northeast and a reduction in the Southeast and South states. In 2019, the leading cause of death among women was traffic injuries, followed by interpersonal violence, maternal deaths and suicide. For men, interpersonal violence was the leading cause of death, especially in the Northeast, followed by traffic injuries, suicide and drowning. Police executions moved from 77th to 6th place. This study revealed inequalities in the mortality of adolescents and young adults according to sex, causes of death, regions and Brazilian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to identify food consumption differences as per healthy and unhealthy diet markers among adults living in Brazilian urban and rural areas. A cross-sectional study was performed with data from the National Health Survey (2013). Diet was assessed by using healthy and unhealthy diet markers. Prevalence (%) was estimated, and sequential logistic regression models were adjusted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI). Urban areas evidenced a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, soft drinks, and meal replacement by snacks, while rural areas showed higher consumption of meat with excess fat and beans. Adjusted analyses showed higher regular consumption of beans and meat with excess fat; and lower consumption of soft drinks, fruits and vegetables and meal replacement by snacks in rural areas compared to urban areas. Similar trends were observed in the macro-regions of the country. Food consumption differences among Brazilians living in rural and urban areas denote the importance of fostering food policies that respect and value food traditions and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil has shown a considerable decline in fertility rates in recent decades. However, sociodemographic differences still have a direct impact on access to family planning in the country. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use according to sociodemographic variables among Brazilian women in reproductive age. Methods: A crosssectional study conducted with 17,809 women who have responded to the National Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence as well as the 95% confidence intervals and we used Pearson’s chi-square test at a significance level of 5% to analyze differences between groups. Results: More than 80% of the women reported to use some contraception method, the most used method was oral contraceptive (34.2%), followed by surgical (25.9%) and condoms (14.5%). Black/Brown, northerly, and low-educated women are more frequently sterilized, while white women, with higher schooling and those living in the south and southeast are the ones who use oral contraception and double protection the most. Conclusion: Despite the observed improvements, there was no decrease in the prevalence for not using any CM and there are inequalities in access to contraception in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the factors underlying health disparities is vital to developing strategies to improve health equity in old age. Such efforts should be encouraged in Korea. Objective: This study explored how material, behavioral, psychological, and social-relational factors contribute to income-related disparities in cardiovascular risk among Korean adults 65 years and older.Methods: Thiswas a secondary analysis of KoreanNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013--2017), targeting 7347 older adults (≥65 years). Socioeconomic position, defined as income, was the primary indicator. The outcome was binary for predicted cardiovascular risk (<90 vs ≥90 percentile). Disparities were measured using relative index of inequality (RII). The contributions of material, behavioral, psychological, and social-relational factors were estimated by calculating percentage reduction in RII when adjusted for these factors. Results:Amongmen aged 65 to 74 years andwomen 75 years or older, the largest reductions in RIIwere achieved after adjusting for social-relational factors. Among men 75 years or older and women aged 65 to 74 years, adjusting for material factors resulted in the largest reductions in RII. Adjustments for behavioral factors also reduced RII for both genders aged 65 to 74 years. Conclusions: Improving the social, material, and behavioral circumstances of lower-income older adults may help address income-related disparities in cardiovascular risk in old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle among Brazilian students between 13 and 17 years of age and investigate the magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities related to these outcomes. A cross-sectional study was carried out based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) conducted in 2015. Inequalities were evaluated using the Absolute and Relative Index of Inequality. The prevalence of excess weight in Brazil was 24.2%, ranging from 20.7% in the Northeast Region to 27.8% in the Southern Region. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in Brazil was 67.8%, ranging from 61.8 % in the North Region to 70.3% in the Southeast Region. The direct and positive association between better socioeconomic conditions and the prevalence of excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle indicate health inequities in Brazil. The results of this study point to the need to restructure and reinforce public policies directed at adolescents, which should have as guidelines the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the reduction of health inequities. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e sedentarismo em escolares brasileiros na faixa etária de 13 a 17 anos, e investigar a magnitude das desigualdades socioeconômicas relacionadas a esses desfechos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) do ano 2015. As desigualdades foram avaliadas por meio dos Índices Absoluto e Relativo de Desigualdade. A prevalência de excesso de peso no Brasil foi 24,2%, variou de 20,7% na região Nordeste a 27,8% na região Sul. Já a prevalência de sedentarismo no Brasil foi 67,8%, variou de 61,8% na região Norte a 70,3% na região Sudeste. A associação direta e positiva entre melhores condições socioeconômicas e as prevalências de excesso de peso e sedentarismo indicam iniquidades em saúde existentes no Brasil. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam a necessidade de reestruturação e fortalecimento das políticas públicas voltadas aos adolescentes, que devem ter como diretrizes a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis e a redução das iniquidades em saúde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor sleep is a confirmed risk factor for hypertension (HTN), and Black/African American (AA) women have among the highest rates of HTN in the United States. Objective: We examined the relationship between sleep and blood pressure (BP) among Black/AA mother-child dyads using data from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure study. Methods: Data for this study were derived from 250 Black/AA mother-child dyads from low-income neighborhoods, collected via 4 home visits over 2 years. Mothers reported poor sleep, including reports of sleeping worse than usual and nighttime awakenings. Recordings of BP were obtained for mother and child. Mother BP was scored as normal (<120/<80 mm Hg), elevated (120--129/<80 mm Hg), stage 1 HTN (130--139/80--89 mm Hg), or stage 2 HTN (systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg). Generalized linear models examined the relationships between mother-reported poor sleep variables and both mother and child BP. Adjusted models examining mother BP controlled for the mother's age, education, marital status, smoking, body mass index, and depression symptoms. Results: In adjusted models, nighttime awakenings were associated with stage 2 HTN (b = 2.70, 95%confidence interval [CI], 0.54--4.86, P < .05). Compared with children whosemother who had normal BP, children whosemother had elevated BP had higher diastolic BP (b = 0.37; 95%CI, 0.19--0.54; P < .001).Mother elevated BPwas associated with both child systolic BP (b = 2.49; 95%CI, 0.44--4.53; P < .05) and diastolic BP (b = 2.07; 95%CI, 0.39--3 .76; P < .05).Mother stage 1 HTN was associated with both child systolic BP (b = 2.16; 95%CI, 0.29--4.03; P < .05) and diastolic BP (b = 3.91; 95%CI, 2.40--5.42; P < .001).We detected a significant interaction betweenmother stage 2 HTN and mother nighttime awakenings in predicting higher child diastolic BP (b = 8.16; 95% CI, 0.65--15.68; P < .05). Conclusions: We found evidence for an association between mothers' nighttime awakenings and very high BP. Our study also illuminated a strong relationship between high mother BP and high child BP. Finally, our study found preliminary support for the potentially mediating role of mothers' nighttime awakenings in predicting the relationship between mother stage 2 HTN and child BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: To improve the cardiovascular health of those with socioeconomic disadvantages, the nature of their disparities must be explored to inform targeted interventions for this group. However, these efforts have been scarce in all areas of nursing research and practice in South Korea. Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the nature of socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health in South Korea. Methods: Multiple electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane (2009-2019.06) were searched. A total of 42 articles published in English or Korean that examined socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular health in South Korea were selected, reviewed, and analyzed using a narrative synthesis. Results: Socioeconomic disparities existed in cardiovascular health among Korean populations across the disease continuum from risk factors to mortality. The magnitudes, directions, and significance of the observed associations between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular health varied by socioeconomic status indicators, gender, and age groups. Five studies (12%) explained the mediation and moderation of multiple factors to the associations. Conclusion: This body of knowledge will serve as a basis to inform strategies, interventions, or policies to reduce disparities in cardiovascular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to understand the coping strategies used by a group of Black older adults to manage chronic pain. To this end, a focused ethnography was completed within a senior housing facility. Following participant observation, 106 residents completed informal interviews and surveys comprised of a demographic tool, the Brief Pain Inventory, the PROMIS Global Health scale, and the Psychological Stress Measure – 9. Further, a subset of 20 participants that reported daily pain completed formal semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Descriptive statistics were completed on survey data while interviews were analyzed contextually and thematically. The adaptive coping strategies used by participants to manage pain included: remaining positive, remaining active, being engaged in the community, prayer/meditation, and maintaining positive support systems. Effective coping strategies lead to compensated levels of adaptation for participants. A middle range schema of pain is presented that may guide future nursing pain management practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of social inequalities is a subject of recurrent studies and remains relevant due to the growing trend of these inequalities over the years. This study proposes the creation of the Health Inequality Index (HII) composed of health indicators - Mean life span and Mean Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) - and socioeconomic indicators of income, schooling, and population living in poverty in the city of Natal - the State Capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Therefore, a probabilistic linkage was made between mortality and socioeconomic databases in order to capture the census tracts of households with death records from 2007 to 2013. The authors used the Principal Component Factor Analysis to calculate the index. The Health Inequality Index showed areas with worse socioeconomic and health conditions located in the suburban areas of the city, with differences between and within the districts. The difference in the mean life span between the districts of Natal arrives at 25 years, and the worst district has mortality rates comparable to poor African countries. Public policymakers can use the index to prioritize actions aimed at reducing or eliminating health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are existing healthcare access inequities among the deaf Chilean population when compared to the general Chilean population. METHODS: Data were obtained from a population-based national survey in Chile. In total, 745 prelingually deaf individuals were identified. The number of times the person used the healthcare system was dichotomized and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Prelingually deaf people had lower incomes, fewer years of education, and greater rates of unemployment and poverty when compared with the general population. Moreover, they visited more general practitioners, mental health specialists, and other medical specialists. On average, they attended more appointments for depression but had fewer general checkups and gynecological appointments than the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Deaf people in Chile have a lower socioeconomic status than the rest of the Chilean population. The results from this study are similar to the findings reported for high-income countries, despite differences in the magnitude of the associations between being deaf and healthcare access. Further studies should be conducted to determine the health status of deaf people in Chile and other Latin American countries and what factors are associated with a significantly lower prevalence of gynecological appointments among deaf women when compared with non-deaf women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)