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There is an unmet need for second-line and third-line treatments that are effective and tolerable for advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no driver mutations.

Novel two-dimensional semiconductor crystals can exhibit diverse physical properties beyond their inherent semiconducting attributes, making their pursuit paramount. Memristive properties, as exemplars of these attributes, are predominantly manifested in wide-bandgap materials. However, simultaneously harnessing semiconductor properties alongside memristive characteristics to produce memtransistors is challenging. Herein we prepared a class of semiconducting III–V-derived van der Waals crystals, specifically the HxA1–xBX form, exhibiting memristive characteristics. To identify candidates for the material synthesis, we conducted a systematic high-throughput screening, leading us to 44 prospective III–V candidates; of these, we successfully synthesized ten, including nitrides, phosphides, arsenides and antimonides. These materials exhibited intriguing characteristics such as electrochemical polarization and memristive phenomena while retaining their semiconductive attributes. We demonstrated the gate-tunable synaptic and logic functions within single-gate memtransistors, capitalizing on the synergistic interplay between the semiconducting and memristive properties of our two-dimensional crystals. Our approach guides the discovery of van der Waals materials with unique properties from unconventional crystal symmetries.

Regulating the selective generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a significant challenge in the field of photocatalytic oxidation, with successful approaches still being limited. Herein, we present a strategy to selectively generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radicals (O2•–) by tuning the dimensionality of porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The transformation of COFs from three-dimensional (3D) solids to two-dimensional (2D) sheets was achieved through the reversible protonation of the imine bond. Upon irradiation, both bulk and thin-layer COF-367 can transfer energy to O2to generate 1O2. However, thin-layer COF-367 exhibited a superior performance compared to its bulk counterpart in activating O2to form the O2•–radicals via electron transfer. After excluding the influences of the band structure, O2adsorption energy, and frontier orbital composition attributed to the dimensionality of the COFs, it is reasonably speculated that the variance in ROS generation arises from the differential exposure ratios of the active surfaces, leading to distinct reaction pathways between the carrier and O2. This study is the first to explore the modulation mechanism of COF dimensionality on the activation of the O2pathway, underscoring the importance of considering COF dimensionality in photocatalytic reactions.

The combination of communication and sensing is envisioned as a novel feature in the forthcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication. The conventional approach to the joint sensing and communication (JSAC) system is utilizing one base station (BS) as both a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver, which is known as monostatic sensing. However, the resulting self-interference issue requires additional hardware promotion to achieve full-duplexing. To overcome this issue, in this paper, we focus on cooperative sensing where the transmitter and receivers are non-co-located, which includes the bistatic and multistatic sensing. Specifically, the system model of cooperative sensing based on mobile networks is established. To demonstrate the feasibility of cooperative sensing, the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) is provided. As for the sensing method, a refined orthogonal matching pursuit (R-OMP) method is proposed to estimate the channel parameters and data fusion is also provided to derive the objects’ positions and velocities. Considering the non-negligible interference in the cooperative JSAC networks, we also discuss interference management in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative sensing system improves the position and velocity estimation accuracy by over 20% when compared with monostatic sensing. The preliminary experiment results also verify the feasibility of the proposed system.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by heart failure and cardiac remodeling. Previous studies show that tetrahydroberberrubine (THBru) retrogrades cardiac aging by promoting PHB2-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and prevents peritoneal adhesion by suppressing inflammation. In this study we investigated whether THBru exerted protective effect against DCM in db/dbmice and potential mechanisms. Eight-week-old male db/dbmice were administered THBru (25, 50 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.g.) for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. We showed that THBru administration significantly improved both cardiac systolic and diastolic function, as well as attenuated cardiac remodeling in db/dbmice. In primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs), THBru (20, 40 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated high glucose (HG)-induced cell damage, hypertrophy, inflammatory cytokines release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using Autodock, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and DARTS analyses, we revealed that THBru bound to the domain of the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), subsequently leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAGE in NMCMs reversed HG-induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and subsequently counteracted the beneficial effects mediated by THBru. We conclude that THBru acts as an inhibitor of RAGE, leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. This action effectively alleviates the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, ultimately leading to ameliorated DCM.

An efficient asymmetric tandem reaction of indene-based dienes with isoxazole-5-ones catalyzed by chiral cinchona alkaloid-derived thioureas has been established, constructing a diverse array of novel enantioenriched spirodihydrofluorene compounds bearing isoxazolone moieties. More importantly, the spirodihydrofluorene frameworks can be effortlessly transformed into an atropisomeric fluorene skeleton bearing oxime groups. This work not only addresses the challenges in the construction of enantioenriched spirodihydrofluorene frameworks but also provides a powerful strategy for structurally novel fluorenylamine-ketoximes containing axial elements.

The connectivity (valency) of building blocks for constructing 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has long been limited to 4, 6, 8, and 12. Developing a higher connectivity remains a great challenge in the field of COF structural design. Herein, this work reports a hierarchical expansion strategy for making 16-connected building blocks to construct 3D COFs with sqc topology. The [16 + 2] construction achieved by condensation between a 16-connected carbazolyl dicyanobenzene-based building block (CzTPN) and linear diamino linkers (BD or Bpy) affords two 3D COFs (named CzBD COF and CzBpy COF). Furthermore, attributed to the well-organized donor–acceptor (D–A) heterojunction, the Ni chelated CzBpy COF (Ni@CzBpy COF) exhibits excellent performance for photoredox/Ni dual catalytic C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkyltrifluoroborates with aryl halides, achieving a maximum 98% conversion and 94% yield for various substrates. This work developed the first case of high-connectivity COFs bearing 16-connected units, which is the highest connectivity reported until now, and achieved efficient photocatalysis applications, thus greatly enriching the possibilities of COFs.

Polymer electrolytes (PEs) with excellent flexibility and superior compatibility toward lithium (Li) metal anodes have been deemed as one of the most promising alternatives to liquid electrolytes. However, conventional lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-based dual-ion PEs suffer from a low Li ion transference number and notorious Li dendrite growth. Here, a single-ion conducting polyborate salt without any fluorinated groups, polymeric lithium dihydroxyterephthalic acid borate (PLDPB), is presented for addressing the issues of Li metal batteries. Owing to a nearly immovable bulky anion and the presence of a rigid benzene structure, the PLDPB@poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) PE exhibits an ultrahigh Li ion transference number (0.94) and excellent mechanical strength, which could significantly restrict the growth of Li dendrites. Postmortem analysis reveals that a fluorine-free solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enriched with B–O and benzene-containing species is formed on the surface of the Li metal anode, thereby facilitating elimination of excessive parasitic reactions and simultaneously suppressing the formation of Li dendrites. Consequently, the LiFePO4/Li cells with PLDPB@PEO PEs show an improved long-term cycling performance and high capacity retention (90.0%) and Coulombic efficiency (99.9%) after 500 cycles. This work may inspire new ideas to boost the development of single-ion conducting salts for dendrite-free Li metal batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit promising prospects in becoming large-scale energy storage systems due to environmental friendliness, high security, and low cost. However, the growth of Zn dendrites and side reactions remain heady obstacles for the practical application of AZIBs. To solve these challenges, a functionalized Janus separator is successfully constructed by coating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on glass fiber (GF). Impressively, the different electronegativity on the inner and outer surfaces of HNTs endows the HNT-GF separator with ion-sieving property, leading to a significantly high transference number of Zn2+(tZn2+= 0.71). Meanwhile, the HNT-GF separator works as an interfacial ion comb to regular Zn2+flux and realizes multisite progressive nucleation, bringing decreased nucleation overpotential and uniform Zn2+deposition. Consequently, the HNT-GF separator enables the Zn anode to display an ultralong plating/stripping life of 3000 h and high rate tolerance with a stable long cycle life even under a density of 50 mA cm–2. Moreover, the Zn∥HNT‐GF∥MnO2full cell represents an ultrastable cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 93.4% even after 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g–1. This work provides a convenient method for the separator modification of AZIBs.

Drought dramatically affects plant growth and yield. A previous study indicated that endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambariscan improve the drought resistance of peanuts, which is related with the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community; however, how root endophytes mediate AMF assembly to affect plant drought resistance remains unclear. Here, we explored the mechanism by which endophytic fungus recruits AMF symbiotic partners via rhizodeposits to improve host drought resistance. The results showed that Ph. liquidambarisenhanced peanut drought resistance by enriching the AMF genus Claroideoglomusof the rhizosphere. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis indicated that Ph. liquidambarissignificantly promoted isoformononetin and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis in rhizodeposits, which were correlated with the increase in Claroideoglomusabundance following Ph. liquidambarisinoculation. Coinoculation experiments confirmed that isoformononetin and SA could enrich Claroideoglomus etunicatumin the rhizosphere, thereby improving the drought resistance. This study highlights the crucial role of fungal consortia in plant stress resistance.

Distinct advantages of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in molecular detection can benefit the enantioselective discrimination of specific molecular configurations. However, many of the recent methods still lack versatility and require customized anchors to chemically interact with the studied analyte. In this work, we propose the utilization of helicoid-shaped chiral gold nanoparticles arranged in an ordered array on a gold grating surface for enantioselective SERS recognition. This arrangement ensured a homogeneous distribution of chiral plasmonic hot spots and facilitated the enhancement of the SERS response of targeted analytes through plasmon coupling between gold helicoid multimers (formed in the grating valleys) and adjacent regions of the gold grating. Naproxen enantiomers (R(+) and S(−)) were employed as model compounds, revealing a clear dependence of their SERS response on the chirality of the gold helicoids. Additionally, propranolol and penicillamine enantiomers were used to validate the universality of the proposed approach. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to elucidate the roles of intensified local electric field and optical helicity density on the SERS signal intensity and on the chirality of the nanoparticles and enantiomers. Unlike previously reported methods, our approach relies on the excitation of a chiral plasmonic near-field and its interaction with the chiral environment of analyte molecules, obviating the need for the enantioselective entrapment of targeted molecules. Moreover, our method is not limited to specific analyte classes and can be applied to a broad range of chiral molecules.

The crucial role of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines (PC) within mucus gel is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we compared the dynamic interfacial adsorption behavior of saturated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and unsaturated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) to intestinal mucin and their impact on the intestinal mucus barrier function. Results of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation showed that the highly surface-hydrated DPPC vesicles exhibited significantly faster and more extensive adsorption to purified intestinal mucin than the slightly surface-hydrated DOPC vesicles. Utilizing an intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX coculture model, we observed that DPPC vesicles adsorbed much more to the mucus gel compared to DOPC vesicles. Additionally, DPPC vesicle adsorption displayed increased wetting, and converse for DOPC vesicles. Interestingly, both of them exhibited nearly the same protective effects against cell injury induced by peptic-tryptic digests of gliadin (PTG). The partial mechanism involved the binding of PTG to DPPC and DOPC within the mucus gel, thereby restricting PTG contact with the underlying epithelial cells. These findings shed light on the intricate interfacial dynamics of PC adsorption to mucin and their implications for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier.

Utilizing softly confined self-assembly at the water surface represents a promising approach for the fabrication of two-dimensional molecular monolayers (2D MMs), which have predominantly been concentrated on amphiphilic organic compounds before. Herein, we introduce a straightforward method termed “water surface-assisted molecular deposition (WSAMD)” to organize nonamphiphilic molecules into dense monolayers with high reproducibility. To underscore the versatility and merit of this methodology in the field of supramolecular electronics, we have successfully fabricated a range of defect-free, uniform semiconducting polymer monolayers, featuring a thickness reflective of molecular architectures. The charge carrier mobility could reach 0.05 cm2V–1s–1for holes and 3.5 × 10–4cm2V–1s–1for electrons, respectively, in p-type and n-type polymeric monolayers when tested as the active layer in field-effect transistors. Furthermore, in situ polymerization reactions can be exploited to generate conductive monolayers of macromolecules such as polybenzylaniline (PBnANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), where PBnANI monolayers exhibit channel length-dependent conductivity, up to 0.37 S cm–1. The advent of the WSAMD method heralds a significant leap forward in the advancement of molecular 2D materials, catalyzing new avenues of exploration within material chemistry.

• A novel (TaMoZrTi) 92 Al 8 refractory high-entropy alloy with in-situ forming heterogeneous structure was prepared, which is featured by hard disordered BCC phase embedded into soft intermetallic B2 matrix. • Suah a heterogeneous structure endows the alloy a promising strength-plasticity synergy at room temperature. • Based on the strain partitioning effect, the strengthening and toughening mechanism of the alloy were revealed. • The present study provides a possibility for the construction of heterogeneous structure in brittle refractory high-entropy alloys. Although refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) possess excellent softening resistance and thermal stability at high temperatures, their practical application is often limited due to room temperature (RT) brittleness. In this work, we successfully achieved RT plasticization in a brittle (TaMoTi) 92 Al 8 RHEA via in situ forming heterogeneous structure (HS) with the doping of Zr. Different from the mainstream design concept of "soft solid solution matrices with hard intermetallic phases" proposed in the literature, the newly developed TaMoZrTiAl RHEA is featured by a hard disordered BCC phase embedded into a soft intermetallic B2 matrix. Such an HS leads to the remarkable strength–plasticity synergy in this alloy at RT, showing a large plasticity of > 20 %, associated with a high strength of > 2380 MPa. It was found that solid solution strengthening and heterodeformation-induced strengthening caused by dislocation pile-ups at phase boundaries are responsible for the enhancement in the yield strength, while deformation-induced strain partition and the frequent operation of dislocation cross-slip substantially improve the work hardening capacity of alloy, thus enabling the high strength and good RT plasticity. In short, the current work not only reveals the micromechanisms of the influence of heterogeneous dual-phase structure on the RT mechanical behaviour in RHEAs but also provides a useful strategy for plasticizing brittle RHEAs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to uncover the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke (IS) using a combined analysis of untargeted metabolomics and proteomics. The serum samples from a discovery set of 44 IS patients and 44 matched controls were analyzed using a specific detection method. The same method was then used to validate metabolites and proteins in the two validation sets: one with 30 IS patients and 30 matched controls, and the other with 50 IS patients and 50 matched controls. A total of 105 and 221 differentially expressed metabolites or proteins were identified, and the association between the two omics was determined in the discovery set. Enrichment analysis of the top 25 metabolites and 25 proteins in the two-way orthogonal partial least-squares with discriminant analysis, which was employed to identify highly correlated biomarkers, highlighted 15 pathways relevant to the pathological process. One metabolite and seven proteins exhibited differences between groups in the validation set. The binary logistic regression model, which included metabolite 2-hydroxyhippuric acid and proteins APOM_O95445, MASP2_O00187, and PRTN3_D6CHE9, achieved an area under the curve of 0.985 (95% CI: 0.966–1) in the discovery set. This study elucidated alterations and potential coregulatory influences of metabolites and proteins in the blood of IS patients.

Cesium lanthanide chloride (Cs3LnCl6), a recently developed class of lanthanide-based zero-dimensional metal halides, has garnered a significant amount of interest because of its potential applications in scintillators, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Although cesium lanthanide chloride demonstrates exceptional scintillator properties, conventional synthesis methods involving solid-state and solution-phase techniques are complex and limited on the reaction scale. This study presents a facile mechanochemical synthesis method for producing Cs3CeCl6, Cs3TbCl6, and Cs3EuCl6metal halides on a 5 g scale. These materials exhibit intense blue-violet, green, and red emissions upon ultraviolet excitation, with high photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 54% to 93%. Furthermore, Cs3CeCl6, Cs3TbCl6, and Cs3EuCl6metal halides exhibit intense radioluminescence spanning from the ultraviolet to the visible region. This research shows the potential of the scalable mechanochemical synthesis of lanthanide-based metal halides for the advancement of luminescent materials for scintillators.

In this article, the relay network (RN) with receiver-transmitter feedback is investigated. First, we propose an efficient feedback coding scheme for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) RN with noiseless receiver-transmitter feedback, which generalizes the Schalkwijk–Kailath (SK) type scheme for the AWGN channel with a single relay and noiseless receiver-transmitter feedback. The corresponding achievable rate of our proposed scheme is obtained under fixed coding block length and the receiver's decoding error probability, and it is shown that channel feedback significantly enhances the achievable rate of the same model without feedback. Then, we extend the above scheme to the same model with an AWGN feedback channel, where a modulo lattice function is applied to mitigate the impact of the feedback channel noise on the performance of the SK-type scheme. Finally, we further extend our proposed scheme to the quasi-static Rayleigh fading RN by using a precoding strategy. The results of this article are further explained via numerical examples, and this article provides a new method to construct low complexity coding schemes for relay networks.

Electromagnetic mini valves have attracted widespread interest recently. However, traditional ones usually have two working states and necessitate continuous energy input. To solve these issues, we developed a bistable electromagnetic compact valve (R9×44 mm) with four working states based on three-dimensional-printed moving magnets. For obtaining four working states, each moving magnet with a fixed-beam structure is actuated independently. To keep working without requiring energy, we present a magnetic-force-based bistable mechanism involving iron cores, moving magnets, and fixed magnets. Since the valve's closing and opening are kept by an intrinsic magnetic force between magnets, it requires an instantaneous current (0.008 s) to switch working modes. Furthermore, we added a 1 mm thick magnet to the moving magnet to enhance the valve's performance. Consequently, its pressure and flow rate dramatically rose from 1.0 to 30.0 kPa and 0.18 to 11.2 L/min, respectively. Its energy consumption and response time are 0.16 J and 0.008 s. Due to its four working states and bistable function, this research is demonstrated to reduce the number of valves and energy required in pneumatic systems. In the future, we will focus on its applications in invasive surgery equipment and bionic devices.

Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that poses a large clinical and economic burden. Understanding the global burden of appendicitis is crucial for evaluating unmet needs and implementing and scaling up intervention services to reduce adverse health outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2021.

This study primarily investigated the variations in stable isotope ratios and elemental fingerprints in tea leaves, which are influenced by multiple factors such as tea cultivars, plant parts, geographical areas, and harvest times. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in isotope and elemental profiles among tea cultivars. By employing advanced statistical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we achieved 100% accuracy in classifying tea cultivars. Additionally, different parts of the tea plant and geographical areas exhibited substantial impacts on the concentrations of stable isotopes and elements. The variation in harvest times further indicated the regulation of isotope fractionation and element accumulation. The variations in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) isotopes among different tea tree parts illuminated the pathways of nutrient transport within the plant. Overall, plant parts were identified as the most crucial factor affecting tea quality, followed by geographical areas and tea cultivars. These findings provide scientific evidence for tea classification and quality control, while also enhancing the understanding of the nutritional metabolism mechanisms in tea plants.

•CC10 accounted most for S. agalactiaeisolated from non-pregnant adults.•S. agalactiaeexhibited high resistance to second-line drugs.•The resistant rate of levofloxacin was remarkably higher than that reported on newborns and pregnant women.•All strains resistant to levofloxacin exhibited simultaneous mutations in both gyrA and parC.