Search

Background: The compounding of extemporaneous preparations has historically been an essential part of the pharmacist's role, and, even today, its importance is recognized in all regulatory frameworks worldwide. The paediatric age group is known to be a therapeutic orphan, due to the low availability of formulations adapted to this population. There are potential dangers involved in treating paediatric patients with drugs approved for adults, or, more generally, off-label prescription medicines, since the excipients may be not suitable for children. As a result, the prescription of extemporaneous preparations is a common practice among paediatricians. Objective: Knowing cardiovascular diseases are currently the main cause of mortality in Haiti, the objective of this study was to develop a suitable paediatric oral liquid formulation of spironolactone with simple and low-cost excipients, and with an easy set-up method. This is in order to make the preparation suitable for the preparation in hospital or community pharmacies in those countries - even with limited resources- where it is necessary to administer spironolactone to paediatric patients. Methods: For the formulation being studied, in addition to the quality according to the directives set out in the European Pharmacopoeia, the stability was evaluated to assure adequate validity for therapeutic uses. For the evaluation of the uniformity of the suspension content, a standard procedure was developed through a HPLC method. The suspension samples were also analysed with a spectrophotometric assay. Results: The uniformity of content results confirmed that the concentration of the active molecule in each suspension was consistent. In addition, no variation in the expected concentration greater than 10% was detected after 90 days. Concerning pH, from the data, it can be observed that no sample underwent a significant variation in pH over time. Conclusion: We chose to focus our research on the development of a suspension with a very simple composition and a simple preparation procedure, while bearing in mind the quality of the finished product must be guaranteed. The preparation procedures should always be congruous with the equipment usually available in a community or hospital pharmacy's compounding laboratory, in whatever part of the world it is located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that positive US-China relations enabled China in 2004 to diversify its strategy toward Haiti, a staunch supporter of Taiwan, by contributing its first-ever Formed Police Unit (FPU) to the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). The organizational readiness of the China Peacekeeping Police Training Center (CPPTC) also played a large role in shaping this development. With the contribution of its FPUs, China intended to influence Haiti and reset bilateral relations. However, the limited training capacity of CPPTC meant that China could only contribute one FPU at a time—even though contributing more FPUs would have strengthened its influence on Haiti even more. When US-China relations turned negative and Zhou Yongkang, the chief patron of the Chinese police, lost power in 2012, China terminated its participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions on cholera understanding and hygiene practices in La Gonâve Island, Haiti. It examines the changes after implementing interventions in seven villages across the Downtown, Mountain, and Seaside regions. A retrospective investigation surveyed 210 school students from each region using a validated questionnaire. It assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and environmental aspects related to cholera and hygiene. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The study highlights significant disparities in education levels, toilet ownership, and healthcare access. Challenges in finding public toilets (86.67%) and accessing water sources (67.78%) are consistent across regions, with Seaside facing financial constraints (85.00%) and water cost concerns (91.67%). Attitudes toward hygiene vary, with the Mountain region having the highest 'Never' responses for handwashing (38.89%), and Downtown leading in water treatment practices (11.67%). There is a strong willingness to share health knowledge, particularly in Downtown (100.00%). Seaside (83.33%) and Downtown (73.33%) revealed a higher cholera awareness, while nearly half of Mountain students lacked knowledge (54.44%). This study highlights significant disparities in WASH practices among La Gonâve's adolescents in Downtown, Mountain, and Seaside regions. Urgent interventions are crucial for improving sanitation, ensuring clean water access, and implementing targeted hygiene education, especially in the resource-constrained Mountain and Seaside areas. The findings underscore the vital roles of adolescents and schools in disseminating knowledge, with further research needed to explore intervention differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haitian intellectual Anténor Firmin is seldom recognised for his contribution to the social sciences outside of the Caribbean. Yet, as a member of the Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Firmin authored a robust critique of the discipline at a moment when it was most invested in North Atlantic racist and colonial politics. Rereading his 1885 De l'égalité des races humaines as a work of intellectual and political indiscipline, this article demonstrates how Firmin's unique engagement with anthropology has led to an enduring problem of formal and substantial illegibility, one largely responsible for its silencing in the history of the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address high HIV prevalence rates in Haiti, disseminating information about HIV transmission has been emphasized. Yet, after several decades, we do not know how effective HIV information dissemination has been in reducing HIV misconceptions. Using the 2005-06, 2012, and 2016-17 Haiti Demographic and Health Surveys and applying logistic regression, we found nuanced gender dynamics in endorsing HIV misconceptions over time. Among females at the bivariate level, the odds of endorsement of HIV misconceptions in 2012 (OR = 0.87, p < 0.05) and 2016-17 (OR = 0.68, p < 0.001) had declined compared to 2005-06. At the multivariate level, however, we observed that demographic factors suppressed the difference between 2005-06 and 2012, although those in 2016-17 (OR = 0.71, p < 0.001) were still less likely to endorse HIV misconceptions. However, this relationship disappeared once we added behavioral factors (OR = 0.93, p > 0.05). Among males, after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors at the multivariate level, those in 2012 (OR = 1.55, p < 0.001) and 2016-17 (OR = 1.24, p < 0.01) were more likely to endorse HIV misconceptions compared to men in 2005-06. We recommend that while improving women's access to HIV services, it is important to incorporate the HIV needs of males into the National HIV policy priority areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a film review of Kidnapping Inc. (2024), directed by Bruno Mourral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses zooarchaeological material recovered from the late precolumbian site of El Flaco (AD 990–1450), northern Dominican Republic. The faunal assemblage from this inland settlement demonstrates terrestrially focused modes of faunal exploitation but with some resources obtained from coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, sandy-bottom, and reefs, which are located approximately 20 km to the northwest. This study establishes last occurrence dates for extinct taxa; examines the spatial distribution of fauna; explores modes of food procurement; and the effects of agricultural activities on local fauna by investigating animal remains from three excavation units. A diachronic study of animal remains from one artificial mound demonstrates changing patterns in resource exploitation, such as an increasing consumption of land crab over a roughly 100-year period. This study follows previous research that examined the isotope ecology of endemic species from El Flaco that indicates some hutias were possibly scavenging or being fed cultivated plants. Palaeoenvironmental data suggest that Indigenous landscape transformations led to the creation of mosaic environments, which may have attracted and supported certain species, implying that the inhabitants of El Flaco likely did not have to venture far to trap or hunt many of the animals upon which they relied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has enhanced patient care and safety around the world. Clinicians can now use a small diagnostic ultrasound imaging device to answer some binary clinical questions and manage patients more effectively. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant adoption of POCUS by clinicians worldwide. A basic cardiac POCUS training was conducted in Haiti with focus on physics, instrumentation, and basic echocardiography. The Mission POCUS team trained 15 Haitian physicians interested in better serving their patients with the implementation of POCUS cardiac in their patient assessment. POCUS skills will empower clinicians from around the world to make rapid and accurate diagnosis and help save lives by diagnosing life threatening conditions and manage patient appropriately. Our experience in Haiti showed that a short POCUS training course can help improve the knowledge of physicians. • Three-day cardiac POCUS workshop in Haiti. • Fifteen Haitian physicians trained. • Post-test scores improved 8% improvement over pretest scores. • More than 100 patients scanned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, Haiti has been subject to man-made and natural disasters that have left its citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks. With a weak state unable to protect its populace, Haitians are exposed to some of the highest levels of poverty and violence in the Western Hemisphere. In recent years, Haitians have experienced two crises that this study analyzes: the instability and political violence of "peyi lòk" as well as the global pandemic of COVID-19. This community-based assessment explores the impact of these two crises on the mental health and psychological well-being of 38 Haitian university students in the understudied northern part of the country. Results indicate that both crises had similarities related to their psychological effects on young people, most notably in terms of traumatic experiences related to threats or violence, forced confinement, and large increases in population-wide uncertainty. Additionally, the extreme violence of "peyi lòk" and the widespread unpredictability of COVID-19 and its effects in the early days of the pandemic resulted in high levels of stress and fear. Both crises also resulted in extreme economic hardship for students, with many reporting difficulties accessing basic needs such as food and water. This study highlights how converging population-level crises in "complex emergencies" can heighten trauma and compromise mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the socioeconomic factors correlated with vulnerability to natural hazards using data from the High-Frequency Phone Survey conducted in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The results indicate a high overall exposure to hazards, with a significant number of households facing the threat of multiple hazards. Approximately 76 percent of respondents reside in households facing 3 or more hazards. Furthermore, the analysis finds that disaster preparedness is generally low, with the poorest households experiencing the most significant challenges: households in the two bottom wealth quintiles are less likely to have the necessary supplies to prepare for and respond to disasters sufficiently compared to those in the upper quintiles. Moreover, the household head's education level and internet access are found to be correlated with the likelihood of better disaster preparedness. This suggests that higher levels of education and internet access play a significant role in improving preparedness levels among households. These findings highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic factors when developing strategies to enhance resilience to natural hazards. Policymakers can mitigate the negative impacts of natural disasters on affected communities by improving disaster preparedness among the most vulnerable households and promoting education and internet access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, sexual and gender minorities gained visibility through international activism. In Haiti, sexual and gender minorities became increasingly politicized and organized themselves in advocacy groups since the 2010 earthquake. Based on the concept of Queer Security studies, this article explores queer activism and the security of queer people in Haiti since 2010. It depicts the security discourse of local advocacy groups through interviews with representatives from Kouraj and Femmes en Action Contre la Stigmatisation et la Discrimination Sexuelle (FACSDIS). In a second step, the study compares the security depictions of the advocacy groups to the security discourse of elected officials in newspaper articles. The findings suggest that Haitian advocacy groups perceive an improvement in the security of sexual and gender minorities since their foundation. However, sexual and gender minorities experience elevated levels of insecurity that vary due to regional differences, economic inequalities and double marginalization. While the Haitian government has denounced attacks based on sexual orientation or gender identity, most elected officials portray homosexuality as a foreign threat and do not consider the experiences of gender and sexual minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To inform a clinic-based adherence-promotion intervention, this qualitative study applied the Situated Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Model of Care Initiation and Maintenance to elucidate cultural and contextual factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence in Haiti. From the 23 focus group discussions with patients (n = 58) and health care workers (n = 57), culturally specific themes emerged relating to Information (e.g., conflicts with allopathic medicine and heuristics about how treatment failure occurs), Motivation (e.g., protecting family members, health and physical appearance, material advantages, and relationships with health workers), and Behavioral Skills (e.g., managing food intake and side effects, navigating health services utilization, accessing medication, and advocating for care needs). Recommendations include: provide therapeutic education on HIV drug resistance; promote the concept of "undetectable = untransmittable"; develop treatment buddy relationships; invest in training and enforcement of patient privacy, transparency, and fairness in access to services and resources; and provide patient-centered behavioral skills counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article a pour objectif de décrire les dimensions d'influence associées au sexe et au genre, telles que perçues par les adolescentes enceintes et autres acteurs qui favorisent la survenue de la grossesse à l'adolescence dans le contexte haïtien. Un devis de recherche qualitative développée à partir de l'enquête sociale de Dewey a été utilisé. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des adolescentes enceintes, des professionnels de la santé, des proches des adolescentes enceintes (parents, partenaires, tuteurs et sœurs) et des responsables d'organismes. Des analyses thématiques ont été réalisées sur ces données saisies dans un logiciel d'analyse des données qualitatives (QDA miner, 6.0.5). Un processus d'analyse inductive et déductive a été réalisé sur le terrain et post-terrain. La recherche a révélé que les dimensions d'influence de la grossesse à l'adolescence se situent à plusieurs niveaux, soit individuel, interpersonnel et communautaire. Plusieurs d'entre elles sont des déterminismes sociaux qui restent hors de contrôle des adolescentes haïtiennes. Un ensemble de facteurs sociaux, religieux, culturels, économiques et environnementaux rendent ces adolescentes vulnérables à la survenue de la grossesse. Les données qui émergent de l'étude indiquent que la grossesse à l'adolescence est influencée par un ensemble de dimensions qui se situe à plusieurs niveaux d'intersection de multiples inégalités dans l'environnement de vie de la jeune fille. Il a été conclu que les programmes de prévention de la grossesse à l'adolescence devraient s'attaquer aux dimensions qui se situent dans l'entourage et l'environnement de vie des adolescentes. The purpose of this article is to describe the dimensions of influence associated with sex and gender, as perceived by pregnant adolescents and other actors that promote the occurrence of adolescent pregnancy in the Haitian context. A qualitative research design developed from Dewey's social survey was used. Data were collected from pregnant teens, health care professionals, relatives of pregnant teens (parents, partners, guardians, and sisters), and agency officials. Thematic analyses were conducted on these data entered into qualitative data analysis software (QDA miner, 6.0.5). A process of inductive and deductive analysis was conducted in the field and post-field. The research revealed that the influencing dimensions of teenage pregnancy are at several levels: individual, interpersonal and community. Many of these are social determinisms that remain beyond the control of Haitian adolescents. A combination of social, religious, cultural, economic and environmental factors make these adolescents vulnerable to pregnancy. The data that emerge from the study indicate that teenage pregnancy is influenced by a set of dimensions that intersect multiple inequalities in the girl's life environment. It was concluded that teenage pregnancy prevention programs should address the dimensions that are located in the entourage and life environment of teenage girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of the traditional community group, konbit, in post-disaster recovery within earthquake-affected rural villages in Haiti in 2021. Despite geographical isolation and limited resources, these villages challenge assumptions about low social capital post-disaster. Utilizing a mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study addresses three research questions: (1) How does konbit participation influence cognitive and structural social capital post-disaster? (2) What short-term and long-term impacts does konbit participation have on community recovery? and (3) How do cognitive and structural social capital affect different phases of post-disaster recovery? Data collected from 592 households through stratified random sampling across villages reveal that konbit participation significantly enhances both cognitive and structural social capital, with cognitive capital crucial for immediate recovery and structural capital vital for long-term resilience. Konbit emerges as a versatile catalyst, driving both immediate and sustained recovery efforts. Emphasizing the importance of community-centric approaches, the findings advocate for tailored interventions leveraging the strengths of cognitive and structural social capital within konbit and similar community groups, thus advancing research in community-centric disaster recovery strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the 2021 M7.2 Haiti earthquake, MTPTC (Ministère des Travaux Publics, Transports et Communications), UNOPS (United Nations Office for Project Services) and Miyamoto International implemented a damage and repair assessment program. Between October 2021 and February 2022, 380 trained engineers evaluated 179,800 buildings in the Sud, Grand'Anse and Nippes departments, reaching over 600,000 beneficiaries. The assessments were executed in compliance with ATC-20 and the Haitian standards, through an innovative digitalized approach. More than 11,000 buildings were collapsed or not repairable; over 89,000 buildings were damaged and repairable. Approximately 88,000 buildings were in confined masonry and over 26,000 of them could be repaired as per MTPTC guidelines; around 80,000 buildings were in the timber and stones vernacular technique. The examined dataset is one of the largest studied in recent humanitarian history and it is critical to learn from past seismic events. We herein analyze the observed structural weaknesses and make a comparison with the 2010 earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses a serious threat to agricultural production and human health. In this study, cysteine was selected as the leaching agent for remediating Cd-contaminated paddy soils because of its effective, low cost and ecofriendly characteristics. Microcosmic simulation experiment was using to investigate the fate of Cd and elucidate the transformation mechanism of Cd in the key components of paddy soil under cysteine leaching. Results showed that the total Cd removal rate of paddy soils reached 46.8–87.4% under the optimal conditions. This was mainly attributed to the decrease of exchangeable fraction (F1), carbonate bound fraction (F2), iron/manganese-bound fraction (F3) and organic matter bound fraction (F4) of Cd. After cysteine leaching, soil fertility was promoted due to the increase in nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and organic matter (OM). pH, CaCO 3 , available potassium (AK), NN, AP, amorphous iron oxides (Fe o) were the main contributors to Cd fractionation transformation. The desorption of Cd from ferrihydrite (Fh) and goethite (Gt) surfaces is hypothesized to stem from dual mechanisms: the dissolution due to the low solution pH and the reducibility of cysteine, which facilitated the conversion of Fh and Gt to hematite (Hm). And the -SH complexation also ascribed to the activation of Cd bound by Fe-OH in Fh and Gt and oxygen-containing functional groups in humic acid (Ha). For chlorite (Ch), the primary driver for Cd desorption was identified as an ion-exchange process, whereby electrostatically adsorbed Cd2+ were replaced by H+ produced by cysteine protonation. [Display omitted] • The key influencing parameters of reduce remediation of Cd polluted paddy soil by cysteine leaching were investigated. • The removal of Cd mainly attributed to the decrease of F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions. • Cd was desorbed from Fh and Gt owing to the low solution pH and reducibility of cysteine. • The -SH complexation caused the activation of Cd bound by Fe-OH in Fh and Gt and the oxygen functional groups in Ha. • Cd desorption in chlorite was achieved by ion exchange between electrostatically adsorbed Cd and H+ of cysteine solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Chile has experienced a significant increase in linguistically and culturally diverse immigrants from Haiti. However, little is known about how Chilean teachers cope with this issue. Using Haworth's (2009) model of contextual layers of teachers' work as a conceptual lens, this article reports the findings from two case studies. Findings show that participants often struggled to teach their culturally and linguistically diverse students. These difficulties were attributed to teachers' low levels of professional preparedness to work with these students and limited in-school support. The article offers several implications for different stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whip spiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883) are easily distinguished from their spider relatives (Araneae Clerck, 1757) by their raptorial pedipalps, the second pair of appendages, which are covered in spines and used to grasp and impale prey. Among other characters, the number, distribution, and size differences among the pedipalp spines continue to be important for whip spider systematics at different levels in the taxonomic hierarchy. However, traditional meristic and qualitative characters used to describe the pedipalp spines often limit their use for species-level taxonomy, as character states are invariant or overlapping. The present study employs landmark-based morphometrics to map the morphospace comprising the retrolateral surface of the pedipalp patella and its dorsal spines in a group of Neotropical whip spiders of the genus Phrynus Lamarck, 1801, all of which share an inconspicuous spine on the prodorsal surface of the pedipalp tarsus, i.e., "group B" proposed by Quintero (1983). The analysis presented demonstrates that the relative pedipalp patella lengths and the patella spine P3 length to patella width ratios are of similar use for species diagnosis as the commonly employed relative length of leg femur I. Importantly, the analysis reveals that, beyond the traditional approach of qualitatively reporting relative pedipalp patella dorsal spine lengths (e.g., P3 > P5 > P2 > P4 > P6 > P1), the ratios between spine lengths are useful morphometric characters for species-level taxonomy in Phrynus. New morphometric ratios are provided for the species of Phrynus group B and used, together with traditional characters, to describe Phrynus guarionexi sp. nov. from the Dominican Republic. Finally, new morphological data are provided concerning the cerotegument, frontal process and prolateral surface of the pedipalp tibia in the species of group B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the Haitian agency responding to hardship and disasters, August, 2021 earthquake, produced a shift in the rescue. It further discusses solidarity conflict with the neoliberal understanding of empowerment; the entire aid apparatus largely excluded Haitian voices and involvement; and mentions about the also neoliberal empowerment and conflicting ideas of aid.

The author discusses her international health trip to Haiti at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lessons learned after the trip. She raises several questions such as the costs versus benefits of such educational trips, and humanitarian aid overall, to host countries such as Haiti. She also underscores the need for donors and volunteers to educate themselves about the history of Haiti in order to understand its economic deprivation and global debt.

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we propose to present the species of the genus Limia, their geographical distribution and the novelties of the taxonomy within the genus. The genus Limia comprises a group of freshwater livebearers belonging to the family Poeciliidae. Limia species are native to freshwater streams and rivers from Central America and Venezuela. In 2020, two new Limia species were included in the genus: Limia islai, Rodriguez-Silva & Weaver, 2020 (tiger limia), endemic to Lake Miragoâne, Haiti, and Limia mandibularis Rodriguez-Silva, Torres-Pineda & Josaphat, 2020, known from Lake Miragoâne, Haiti. There is currently a total number of 23 recognized species within this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in lower-income countries including Haiti. Environmental lead exposure is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality in high-income countries but has not been systematically measured and evaluated as a potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in lower-income countries where 6.5 billion people reside. We hypothesized lead exposure is high in urban Haiti and associated with higher blood pressure levels. Blood lead levels were measured in 2504 participants ≥18 years enrolled in a longitudinal population-based cohort study in Port-au-Prince. Lead screening was conducted using LeadCare II (detection limit ≥3.3 µg/dL). Levels below detection were imputed by dividing the level of detection by √2. Associations between lead (quartiles) and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, income, and antihypertensive medication use. The median age of participants was 40 years and 60.1% were female. The geometric mean blood lead level was 4.73µg/dL, 71.1% had a detectable lead level and 42.3% had a blood lead level ≥5 µg/dL. After multivariable adjustment, lead levels in quartile four (≥6.5 µg/dL) compared with quartile 1 (<3.4 µg/dL) were associated with 2.42 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.36-4.49) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.96 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.56-3.37) higher diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, widespread environmental lead exposure is evident in urban Haiti, with higher lead levels associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lead is a current and potentially modifiable pollutant in lower-income countries that warrants urgent public health remediation. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03892265. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Feministes is the property of Groupe de Recherche et d'Echange Multidisciplinaires Feministes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Micrasepalum is a taxonomically and phylogenetically poorly understood genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the global biodiversity hotspot of the Caribbean islands. It has traditionally been associated with species in the Spermacoce clade, but never properly evaluated in a phylogenetic context. Also, little information about seed and fruit morphology of Micrasepalum species was provided in their original descriptions and the few subsequent taxonomic treatments. We performed a molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid (atpB‐rbcL, petD, rps16, trnL‐trnF) DNA sequence data to resolve the enigmatic taxonomic identity of Micrasepalum. Our analyses show a largely unresolved or poorly supported backbone in both the nuclear and plastid phylogenies of the Spermacoce clade, so that the sister relationship of Micrasepalum is still uncertain. Merging Micrasepalum with any lineage of the polyphyletic Borreria and Spermacoce or the phylogenetically well‐defined Hexasepalum, Mitracarpus or Richardia would result in a morphologically heterogeneous collection of genera difficult to recognize within the Spermacoce clade. The unresolved relationships within the species‐rich Spermacoce clade are suggestive of a rapid radiation in which Micrasepalum is one of several phylogenetically recalcitrant lineages, but that can be clearly defined morphologically. The genus is distinctive in having a caducous, 2‐lobed calyx and indehiscent, one‐seeded fruit. An updated identification key for all Caribbean genera of the Spermacoce clade and a full taxonomic revision of Micrasepalum are presented, including descriptions focused on reproductive characters, palynological analysis, a distribution map and new lectotypifications, as well as a new synonym for M. eritrichoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve health insurance literacy, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services launched From Coverage to Care (C2C) to help individuals translate health insurance into appropriate healthcare utilization. One aim of C2C is to extend its health communication tools to vulnerable populations, including providing materials in several languages in addition to English and Spanish. Understanding the experiences of organizations and populations that utilize these materials is critical for ensuring meaningful and effective conveyance of health literacy information. The authors evaluated C2C, which included a qualitative case study approach of four communities using C2C products. The authors draw on findings from interviews with organizations that used C2C materials and focus groups with Haitian Creole, Mandarin, Native American, and Vietnamese consumers. Five key lessons learned are described that are relevant to public health education and campaigns. Lessons include: the importance of culture-centered materials in building empathy and trust; emphasizing appropriate and salient translations of materials; choosing targeted venues for dissemination that are responsive to the constraints and preferences of minority populations; drawing on educational tools in conjunction with individually tailored approaches; and, working with other local organizations to amplify dissemination. Increasing health insurance literacy among vulnerable populations is critical. National efforts, such as C2C, are an important step, but moving beyond simply providing educational materials in additional languages and adopting a culture-centered perspective throughout an initiative is important for creating positive change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La maternité précoce est classée comme un problème de santé publique majeur par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé. À Haïti, en dépit de l'instauration de nombreux programmes de planification familiale par les pouvoirs publics, la fécondité précoce demeure relativement élevée. Ainsi, au regard de la persistance de ce phénomène et de ses conséquences tant sur la jeune fille que sur son enfant, cet article a pour objectifs d'identifier et de hiérarchiser les facteurs sous-jacents de la fécondité précoce à Haïti. Afin de parvenir aux objectifs fixés dans le cadre de cet article, nous avons mobilisé les données de la dernière Enquête Démographique et de Santé réalisée à Haïti en 2017. L'analyse des données a consisté à la réalisation de tris à plats, de tris croisés et à l'estimation d'un modèle de régression logistique. Nous observons que la religion, le niveau d'instruction, l'âge à la première relation sexuelle, l'âge à la première union et le nombre idéal d'enfants sont les facteurs qui influencent la maternité au moment de l'adolescence. Et parmi ces facteurs, on constate que l'âge à la première union et l'âge à la première relation sexuelle sont ceux qui contribuent le plus à l'explication de ce phénomène. Étant donné que la maternité à l'adolescence à Haïti est un phénomène multifactoriel, la prévention exige l'application de stratégies multidimensionnelles par les pouvoirs publics. The World Health Organization classifies adolescent motherhood as a significant public health problem. In Haiti, despite the government's effort to establish family planning programs, fertility among adolescents remains relatively high. Considering the persistence of this phenomenon as well as associated consequences for young girls and their children, this paper aims to identify the underlying factors of early fertility in Haiti. We analyzed data from the 2017 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey. Our analysis focused on women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had their first birth before the age of 20 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis and estimated a logistic regression model to analyze the association of socioeconomic factors with adolescent fertility. We observed that religion, education level, age at first sexual intercourse, age at first union and ideal number of children significantly influenced adolescent motherhood in Haiti. Further, we found that age at first union and age at first sexual intercourse had the most significant effect on the phenomenon. Given that adolescent motherhood is a multifactorial phenomenon in Haiti, prevention is essential and requires policymakers' multidimensional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roodly Laurore 08/22/2021 Jerrice J. Baptiste's Note: It is a pleasure to collaborate with my uncle Roodly Laurore. Roodly Laurore's Note: Haiti, in recent times, has cast an anchor both nationally and internationally. We are now talking about chaos: no deputies, no functional senators, no magistrates, no president, and no courts. [Extracted from the article]

Information on resident and wintering waterbirds in Haiti is particularly scarce, limiting knowledge needed to inform waterbird conservation across the Caribbean. Here, results from a winter census of waterbirds at five major wetland sites in Haiti in 2019 are presented. Overall, 10,265 waterbirds belonging to 34 species and 12 families were counted. Richness per site varied between 8 and 26 species, and the Shannon diversity index ranged from 2.69 to 8.54. Only 17.6% of observed species were recorded at more than three sites, and there was no significant relationship between the overall number of individuals counted per species and the number of sites where the species was observed. This was reflected in the moderate degree of similarity between the five sites in terms of shared species as calculated with Horn index. Although the species observed during the survey are currently listed as Least Concern (LC) in the Global IUCN Red List, at the local level several of them are considered threatened: White-cheeked Pintail (Anas bahamensis) and American Coot (Fulica americana); or rare: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolori). Results are discussed relative to previous records of waterbirds in Haiti and need to develop ornithological research based on local expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Social Work Review / Revue Canadienne de Service Social is the property of Canadian Association for Social Work Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A Contrario. Revue Interdisciplinaire de Sciences Sociales is the property of Bangkok Services Network (BSN) Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A Contrario. Revue Interdisciplinaire de Sciences Sociales is the property of Bangkok Services Network (BSN) Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A Contrario. Revue Interdisciplinaire de Sciences Sociales is the property of Bangkok Services Network (BSN) Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)