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The article presents a re-examination off the history and development of Zionism and how it shared aspirations with communism.

The article focuses on the views of Orthodox Christian poet, editor, essayist, teacher and educator Khalil al-Sakakini on Zionism and his relations with both Zionists and Jews prior to World War II. Several personal accounts from his diary are mentioned including his membership in the Committee for Union and Progress (CUP), his interest in the Orthodox Renaissance movement, and the teaching method he used at the school al-Madrasa al-Dusturiyya. A personal background on al-Sakakini is offered.

The following article aims to show how the Zionist movement defined its loyalty to Zionism. Germany, and German culture, as well as its reaction to the First World War. Central to the Zionist movement was the "creation of a home for Jewish people secured by public law."This is why superficial examinations assume that for Zionists the conflicts of the European powers were important only as they affected the pursuit of their own political agendas, an impression intensified by their posture of reserve towards military service. Crucial for Zionist positions on the First World War are the discourses revolving around the relationship between German culture, patriotism, and loyalty within the movement. This project is conducted with the help of the Jüdische Rundschau (JR; Jewish Review), which functions as the official organ of the "ionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland"(ZVfD; Zionist Association of Germany). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the 6,000 books left behind by the Palestinian educated class as they were pushed out by Zionist militias labeled as "abandoned property." It states that the books were discussed in relation in Zionist political contexts and other cases of looted cultural property during times of war and occupation. It adds that it examines the books in Israel's National library and identifies ways that may link the books to their original Palestinian owners.

The article discusses the development of Zionist views of Jerusalem among Zionists before 1948. Topics include the views of Zionist leader Theodore Herzl, the opening of the Zionist Office in Jerusalem - the Palestine Office, directed by Arthur Ruppin in Jaffa in 1908, and the Zionist view of Jerusalem versus the Zionist view of Tel Aviv.

The article presents the author's reflections on the Israel/Palestine conflict, known as the al-Aqsa intifada. The article provides an overviews of the articles in this issue of "Hagar." The article discusses zionism, the Palestinian Diaspora, Lev Grinberg, who was head of the Humphrey Institute, Jewish nationalism in the U.S. during the nineteenth century, Palestinian national literature, Mizrahi poets, Israeli identity, Palestinian identity, Israel's ethnic relations, Bedouins, Palestinians refugees, and reconciliation.