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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is utilized as an adjunctive treatment for human and veterinary patients with compromised tissues. Medical records from two veterinary hospitals with HBOT chambers were searched for small animal veterinary dentistry and oral surgery specialty patients. The HBOT records were combined with the medical records from the referring specialty veterinary dentistry and oral surgery services. Clinical indications for HBOT treatments associated with a positive outcome in this case series included resistant bacterial infections, electrical cord injury, bite wound injuries, osteomyelitis, crush/traumatic injuries including mandibular fractures, oral surgery performed at previously irradiated sites, and osteonecrosis, presumably radiation induced. Conditions within this case series that remained unchanged or were associated with partial improvement included preoperative treatment of stomatitis without steroid usage and delayed HBOT treatment for long-term endodontic health of laterally luxated immature permanent mandibular incisors. Eighty-eight percent of the HBOT sessions were tolerated well by the patients in this case series. The most common adverse event was mild anxiety. One patient required oral anxiolytic medications to complete the course of treatment. One patient experienced transient seizure activity and was able to complete that session as well as subsequent sessions at a lower chamber pressure. Future prospective studies are necessary to further evaluate and characterize the potential benefits of HBOT as well as to clarify optimal treatment protocols for specific conditions in veterinary dentistry and oral surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2001, HBO and the BBC released Conspiracy, a critically acclaimed dramatization of the Wannsee Conference, where Nazi officials discussed coordinating the Final Solution in January 1942. Written by Loring Mandel, Conspiracy is noted for its strict adherence to the historical record as well as its chamber play atmosphere. However, HBO originally planned Conspiracy as the first half of a two-part feature. Its unproduced second half, Complicity, would have depicted Allied indifference to the Holocaust, the plight of Jewish refugees, and the rise of Adolf Eichmann. This article discusses the origins, pre-production history, and cancellation of Complicity. Grounded in archival documents – screenplay drafts, meeting minutes, research files, as well as oral history interviews, this presentation will trace Complicity's beginnings as a story about Jewish efforts to inform the UK and US governments about the Holocaust and its transition to a dramatization of the April 1943 Bermuda Conference, which is most notable for its failure to meaningfully address the 1940s refugee crisis. Complicity is a fascinating example of 'shadow quality TV'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe drug-related side effect mostly seen in the maxillofacial region of patients under current or previous treatment with antiresorptive and/or angiogenic agents. There is a wide range of treatment options explained in literature for the management of this condition, from conservative treatments to surgical procedures of various levels of invasiveness, which are sometimes supplemented with adjunctive therapies. The present systematic review aimed at evaluating the treatment options of MRONJ in terms of successful outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched. The search was limited to clinical studies involving human subjects with at least 3 cases. There was no other limitation for language, publication date, and study design for the articles to be included. A hand search of the bibliographies of identified articles was also performed. The evaluation criterion was an improvement in the healing of the treated site after treatment procedures. RESULTS: After evaluation of the full text of the articles, 118 articles were selected for evaluation (15 platelet concentrates, 4 teriparatide, 10 laser therapy, 3 hyperbaric oxygen, 2 ozone applications, 9 conservative protocols, and 75 surgical interventions articles). The evaluated articles reported positive improvements in healing/staging of the osteonecrosis sites. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the low evidence level and the limited sample size of the studies included, the results of this review must be cautiously interpreted. However, they can be suggestive for evaluating the possible benefits of these treatment options in MRONJ management. Further prospective comparative studies with a large sample size are urgently needed to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of pediatric facial defects can be challenging, as reattachment of large composite grafts is usually unsuccessful. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been researched to augment composite graft survival, but clinical use for this application remains anecdotal. The authors present their successful experience managing select cases with large composite grafts and HBO as an adjunct. A retrospective chart review identified children presenting with facial defects and managed operatively with large composite grafts (≥1.5 × 1.5 cm) and HBO therapy. Records were reviewed for defect characteristics, management details, and outcomes at last follow-up. Nine children (avg. 8.4 years, range 1.6-15.1) presented with ear or nose defects secondary to dog bites (n=7), falls (n=1), or congenital causes (n=1). Three experienced ear amputations, and six suffered nasal avulsions of varying degrees. All avulsed ears were reattached. Three cases of nose avulsions were reattached; the other three underwent secondary reconstruction with composite ear grafts. HBO was initiated immediately and continued for 8-10 days. All grafts survived at least 80% with no postoperative complications. At last follow-up (avg. 30.1 months; 0.8-63.9), all patients demonstrated good cosmetic results with minimal residual deformity. When reconstruction of pediatric facial defects warrants a large chondrocutaneous graft, immediate postoperative HBO therapy can increase survival. Particularly when reattaching amputated segments, if successful, this approach offers an anatomically ideal result without donor site morbidity. If unsuccessful, it does not "burn bridges" and decreases the extent of secondary reconstruction. The authors present their HBO protocol along with a review of available literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on switching phenotypes from M1 macrophage cluster differentiation (CD) 80 to M2 (CD163) through changes in expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in antigen and collagen-induced arthritis (ACIA). Methods: We used male Balb / C mice as models of ACIA. The severity of arthritis was assessed by a clinical arthritis score and with the diameter of the left knee joint measured using a calliper. Interleukine-10 (IL-10) level in plasma was measured by ELISA technique. Expression of HIF-1α, CD80 dan CDI63 were measured by immunochemistry technique. We used IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0. Statistical significance test was done by independent t-test. Results: The level of expression of HIF-1α decreased significantly p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) in the HBO group (33.20 ± 10.12) compared to non-HBO group (106.40 ± 21.20). The level of expression of CD80 decreased significantly p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) in the HBO group (69.80 ± 6.71) compared to non-HBO group ((308.10 ± 25.01). The level of expression of CD163 increased significantly p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) in the HBO group (153.00 ± 8.78) compared to non-HBO group (44.90 ± 2.89). The clinical arthritis score and diameter of the left knee joint of mice decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and IL-10 levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the HBO group compared to the non-HBO group. Conclusion: HBO has an effect on switching the Ml phenotypes to M2 through a decrease in the expression of HIF-1α while increasing IL-10 production thereby reducing arthritis in ACIA. Therefore, HBO has therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Dysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory controls contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. We examined our hypotheses that (1) chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain is associated with increased spinal GABAergic neuron apoptosis, and (2) hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting GABAergic neuron apoptosis. Methods Male rats were randomized into 3 groups: CCI, CCI+HBO and the control group (SHAM). Mechanical allodynia was tested daily following CCI procedure. HBO rats were treated at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 min once per day. The rats were euthanized and the spinal cord harvested on day 8 and 14 post-CCI. Detection of GABAergic cells and apoptosis was performed. The percentages of double positive stained cells (NeuN/GABA), cleaved caspase-3 or Cytochrome C in total GABAergic cells or in total NeuN positive cells were calculated. Results HBO significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia. CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with significantly increased spinal apoptotic GABA-positive neurons. HBO considerably decreased these spinal apoptotic cells. Cytochrome-C-positive neurons and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons were also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO significantly decreased these positive cells. Caspase-3 mRNA was also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO reduced mRNA expression of caspase-3. Conclusions CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. HBO alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain and reduced GABAergic neuron apoptosis. The beneficial effect of HBO may be via its inhibitory role in CCI-induced GABAergic neuron apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the spinal cord. Implications Increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is critical in CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The inhibitory role of HBO in GABAergic neuron apoptosis suppresses ongoing neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with B. R. Rich, professor in the Film and Digital Media Department at the University of California at Santa Cruz, is presented. She is asked to define the independent film genre, discuss American independent cinema and comment on the role of the American Sundance Film Festival in the promotion of independent films. She also discusses LGBT film festivals, women's festivals and her career as a journalist and film critic.

Study of film and media may be a growth area for biblical scholars, but as far as the sub-field of Pauline scholarship is concerned, the direct use of Pauline materials by popular media is relatively rare. A notable exception occurs in Season One of the HBO television series Deadwood, in which recurring and explicit use of Paul's letters is made. However, rather than finding new meaning in the selected passages, this paper argues that the specific Pauline texts serve as narrative devices deployed in the service of the television show's plot development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arguing that HBO has been a key player in the creation of a post-secular aesthetic, this article claims that the central figure of this aesthetic is an exaggerated human who is caught between the 'cross pressures' of atheism and theism, depravity and purity, violence and transcendent peace, and homosexuality and religiosity. Through a consideration of The Sopranos, Entourage, True Blood, Rome, and Big Love, I contend that HBO has been at liberty to advance fresh representations of religion and spirituality due to its alternative economic model. Because religion is an advertising taboo, the typical figure of humanity represented on network TV is a thin veneer compared to the complex figures that HBO has mobilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because clinicians require objectively demonstrable neurological deficits to confirm a diagnosis, the recognition of embolic events in the nervous system is generally restricted to the effects of ischemic necrosis produced by arterial occlusion. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown that lesser degrees of damage associated with small emboli are common, especially in the mid brain, and are usually clinically silent. They are frequently associated with atheromatous embolism in the elderly, but microembolic debris, such as fat, is common in the systemic venous return of healthy people and generally trapped in the microcirculation of the lung being removed by phagocytosis. However, pulmonary filtration may fail and microemboli may also pass through an atrial septal defect in so-called 'paradoxical' embolism. Studies of bubbles formed on decompression in diving have demonstrated the importance of pulmonary filtration in the protection of the nervous system and that filtration is size dependant, as small bubbles may escape entrapment. Fluid and even small solid emboli, arresting in or passing through the cerebral circulation, do not cause infarction, but disturb the blood–brain barrier inducing what has been termed the 'perivenous syndrome'. The nutrition of areas of the white matter of both the cerebral medulla and the spinal cord depends on long draining veins which have been shown to have surrounding capillary free zones. Because of the high oxygen extraction in the microcirculation of the gray matter of the central nervous system, the venous blood has low oxygen content. When this is reduced further by embolic events, tissue oxygenation may fall to critically low levels, leading to blood–brain barrier dysfunction, inflammation, demyelination and eventually, axonal damage. These are the hallmarks of the early lesions of multiple sclerosis where MR spectroscopy has also shown the presence of lactic acid. Significant elevation of the venous oxygen tension requires oxygen to be provided under hyperbaric conditions. Arterial tension is typically increased ten-fold breathing oxygen at 2 atmospheres absolute (ATA), but this results in only a 1.5-fold increase in the cerebral venous oxygen tension. The treatment of decompression sickness, and both animal and clinical studies, have confirmed the value of oxygen provided under hyperbaric conditions in the restoration and preservation of neurological function in the 'perivenous' syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]