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Sentinel-2 data is highly valuable in remote sensing applications owing to its open accessibility and comprehensive spatial-temporal coverage. However, it poses a unique challenge due to its varying spatial resolutions across its different spectral bands (ranging from 10 to 60 m). High-resolution (HR) data offer finer details and significantly enhance the accuracy of analyses, benefiting a wide range of fields. The majority of current methods for enhancing Sentinel-2 image resolution do not address the enhancement of all bands through a unified network. To address this issue, we propose a novel deep learning-based solution named SenGLEAN, for enhancing multiresolution bands [specifically, 10- and 20-m ground sampling distance (GSD)] to a unified 5-m GSD. SenGLEAN leverages the concept of generative latent banks (GLEANs) and employs a multiresolution encoder-bank-decoder architecture to achieve high-resolution (HR) remote sensing imagery. Notably, our model incorporates channel-attention (CA) and pixel-attention (PA) modules within its design to enhance the spatial quality of results. Through quantitative comparison, we demonstrate that our network shows significant improvements, by increasing the PSNR by 0.28 dB for 10-m bands and 2.92 dB for 20-m bands while reducing the RMSE by 3.11 for 10-m bands and 52.26 for 20-m bands. Furthermore, we introduce a lightweight variant, LightSenGLEAN, retaining critical components while reducing total parameters by 81.89%, which still offers competitive performance. In summary, our proposed model provides an efficient solution to enhance both 10- and 20-m Sentinel-2 bands to 5-m resolution using a single deep learning framework, facilitating precise image analysis, and geoscience applications.

We prospectively implemented a diagnostic stewardship care-bundle checklist, ‘Sepsis-48 DSB’, with the aim of reducing intervening duration of key steps of automated blood culture diagnostics (aBCD).

AbstractLavender is a highly valuable medicinal and aromatic perennial shrub lacking superior and stable varieties for varied environments in the western Himalayas. In the present experiment, estimates of genotypic effects and their interaction with the environment under various conditions of Himachal Pradesh were investigated to identify superior and stable genotypes. For that, seven selections with a check were evaluated at four different locations in randomized block design with three replications during 2020 and 2021. The pooled analysis of variance showed that genotypic and environmental main effects were highly significant for all the traits under study while, G×E interaction was significant (p≤0.05) for plant height, spike length and spike yield. The highest mean performance for all the traits revealed that location-4 has favourable conditions for lavender cultivation, and LOH15141 followed by LOH15040 were the best performers over all the locations. These high-performing genotypes were clustered together with the check in a major cluster. The stability parameters of the Eberhart and Russell model showed that LOH15141 is stable and superior for both spike yield and essential oil content, further confirmed by GGE biplot analysis. GGE biplot analysis revealed that all the tested locations formed a single mega-environment. The strong positive yield contribution described through Pearson’s correlation coefficients and genotypic path diagram states that plant height, number of spikes and spike length were significant contributors to the spike yield and could be used as selection criteria to improve spike yield due to their high heritability and genetic advance.

•The evidence for application of the ‘care-bundle’ approach to facilitate diagnostic stewardship is limited.•Loading-time and time-to performance of dID+dAST were significantly reduced during intervention period.•We reduced the turnaround time (TAT) in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia by 694 minutes, when compared with the standard VITEKⓇmethod.•We enabled dID of main Gram-negative species with 94% accuracy and categorical agreement of dAST was ∼93% for any drug-bug combination.•Our approach can help resource-limited settings to reduce TAT of automated blood culture diagnostics in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia.

Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printing involves scanning a laser across a photosensitive resin to cure it and build a part layer-by-layer. Conventionally, SLA printers are calibrated by conducting numerous experiments and analyzing the built parts to determine the optimal parameters that maximize the part quality while keeping the build-time low. This work aims to develop a computational model of the printer that characterizes the effect of these material and process parameters on the printing speed and part quality. This model could significantly reduce the time and capital required to calibrate these printers. The printing process is modeled by independently studying the resin curing and recoating processes and then combining the two phenomena. These studies were used to draw various insights into the printing process. A parametric analysis of the cure depth concluded that it significantly decays with increased laser scanning speed, whereas an optimum intermediate value of photoinitiator concentration maximizes it. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a gravity-based resin recoating process was developed and implemented in OpenFOAM®. Studies conducted using this model indicated that lower resin viscosity and higher surface tension lead to lower settling times. Inferences gained by studying the coupled model were used to develop a method to compensate for disturbances in the surface profile of the resin. SLA printer manufacturers could use the insights gained from these studies to optimize the printers to improve their speeds and print quality.

To determine the accuracy of direct microbial identification (dID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST) methodology from positively flagged blood culture bottles (BCBs) as well as reduction in turnaround time (TAT) compared to standard methodology.

Development of multifunctional textile materials using green chemicals is a new quest of research. In the present work, the LBL treatment using chitosan (CH) and green tea extract (GTE) was utilized for the functionalization of linen fabric. The functionalized linen was characterized and functional properties of the modified linen viz. antioxidant property, antibacterial activity and UV protection were evaluated. The LBL finishing resulted in the coloured linen fabrics with antibacterial activity in the range 75–97%. Moreover, the treated fabrics also displayed an antioxidant property (58–96%) and the ultraviolet protection property (UPF > 22.5). The synergistic influence of CH and GTE was witnessed in imparting vital functional properties to linen using LBL technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tinkering, an ad hoc approach to solving a problem, involves manipulating objects to characterize and build knowledge about a particular system in an exploratory way, often with the goal of getting some product/idea to produce desired behavior. Tinkering contrasts more deliberate activity toward understanding how a phenomenon works. Some researchers have argued that tinkering is an unproductive engineering design practice because it does not always lead to progress in design and/or conceptual learning while others have argued for tinkering as a productive design practice. We speak to this disagreement regarding the productivity of tinkering for novice designers by closely analyzing tinkering episodes. We present a microgenetic account of two tinkering episodes to contribute to a more refined understanding of what tinkering is. The research setting is in a summer camp for high school girls using a design‐based Arduino component. Our analyses demonstrate that tinkering is neither universally productive nor unproductive in engineering design; we show that tinkering can help participants make progress toward some instructional goals such as supporting the engagement of students in some engineering design practices. We also show that tinkering can hinder progress toward other goals such as developing a robust solution to a design problem. We argue for a more nuanced understanding of productivity (of tinkering and other design practices), which is local and defined with respect to specific goals and actors.

•G0S2 has a complex role in breast cancer, dependent on ER status and partially mediated by suppression of estrogen signaling pathways.•Overexpression of G0S2 in ER- breast cancer cells increased cell proliferation, while overexpression in ER+cells decreased cell proliferation.•G0S2 reduced genes associated with an epithelial phenotype in ER- cells suggesting promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).•G0S2 repressed estrogen signaling and estrogen receptor target gene signatures in ER+cells and increased estrogen deprivation sensitivity in ER+cells.•Genes downstream of ATGL in fat utilization were downregulated in G0S2 overexpressing ER+cells.

Quantitative researchers have noted the impact of mentoring and support programming for students from underrepresented groups in engineering. Qualitative researchers have also noted the importance of student agency in persistence through marginalization. Nevertheless, challenges and questions remain in identifying practices which are effective in supporting underrepresented students. The study applies scholarship from critical theory and narrative as a new resource for approaching and understanding the process of supporting marginalized student agency. A longitudinal interview study with a female undergraduate engineering student, Emilia, developed into a way for her to process marginalizing educational experiences and to develop new narratives that expanded her agency. After an in‐depth member check, Emilia became a co‐author contributing a post hoc account of the impact of these discussions. Our analysis indicates that naming one's own oppression and creating narratives that repurpose and resituate stereotypical stories of oppression was a liberatory act for Emilia. We trace three marginalizing themes of the participant's experience that are subverted and resisted through the student co‐constructed narrative. The paper builds theory for diversity support, suggesting critical theorizing may present a new form of agency not yet represented in the literature. It also points to possible value for student participants from qualitative methodologies exploring student experiences. Finally, it suggests supporting critical theorizing as a potential new orientation for diversity practitioners.

To explain educational problems such as student attrition, engineering education literature often focuses on the characteristics of individuals. In 2006, Ray McDermott and Hervé Varenne called for examining the “cultural construction” of educational problems, uncovering how multiple actors create and inscribe meaning to the educational problem. We apply the cultural construction framework to examine how the educational problem of a student being “not cut out for engineering” is constructed within the context of a specific electrical engineering course. We focus on culturally taken-for-granted course structures, practices, and interactions, all of which produce the local enactment of this common educational problem. We used ethnographic methods, including field-noted participant observations, one-on-one participant interviews, and video-recorded student work on lab assignments. Coordinating multiple data streams enabled us to question explanations couched in terms of individual ability and background, and to illustrate how ability hierarchies were constructed in the educational context. Our findings illustrate how several mundane and seemingly innocuous aspects of engineering classrooms add up to construct the educational problem of our focal student as “not cut out” for engineering. Contributions to this construction included lecture seating positions, interactional norms in lecture and lab, and labels made meaningful through institutional and interactional processes. The forces at play in constructing educational problems for students are deeply embedded in institutions, disciplines, and society, making it difficult to generate a simple list of instructional interventions. We highlight cultural construction analysis as a potentially fruitful orientation for researchers and practitioners to find the particular sites and tools for local intervention.

Carbon in many different forms especially, Graphene, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and Fullerene is emerging as an important material in the areas of the biomedical field for various applications. This review comprehensively describes the nano antibiotic effect of carbon-based nanocomposites: epicenter on graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene Composites. It summarises the studies conducted to evaluate their antimicrobial applications as they can disrupt the cell membrane of bacteria resulting in cell death. The initial section gives a glimpse of both “Gram”—positive and negative bacteria, which have been affected by Graphene, CNTs, and Fullerene-based nanocomposites. These bacteria include Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Thuringiensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Shigella flexneri,Candida Albicans, Mucor.Another section is dedicated to the insight of Graphene, and its types such as Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs).Insight into CNT, including both the types SWCNT and MWCNT, studied, followed by understanding fullerene is also reported. Another section is dedicated to the antibacterial mechanism of Graphene, CNT, and Fullerene-based nanocomposites. Further, an additional section is dedicated to a comprehensive review of the antibacterial characteristics of Graphene, CNT, and nanocomposites based on fullerene. Future perspectives and recommendations have also been highlighted in the last section.

Natural fiber reinforced composites are a very popular area of research because of the easy availability and biodegradability of these fibers. The manufacturing of natural fiber composite is done by reinforcing fibers in the particulate form, fiber form or in woven mat form. Natural fiber composites also utilize industrial wastes as a secondary reinforcements like fly ash, sludge etc. By keeping all these point of views in the present investigation the effect of rice husk flour (chemically treated/untreated) and micro sized calcium carbonate with epoxy resin have been evaluated. The diameter of rice husk flour was maintained at 600 µm through mechanical sieving machine. The husk flour was chemically treated with NaOH (5 % w/v). Mechanical properties like hardness, flexural impact and compression strength were evaluated and found to be superior in modified or chemically treated flour as compared to unmodified or untreated flour reinforced composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was also undertaken for the developed composites. SEM study shows the distribution of the rice husk flour and calcium carbonate over the matrix.

Combined chemo- and immunotherapy are the major advancement in the treatment of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy supposedly increases cure rate while reducing the duration of treatment and tissue damage. Non-responders are those patients of tuberculosis who do not respond to anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) in the desired manner despite the mycobacteria showing sensitivity to the given drugs. The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of this particular subset of patients has been investigated scarcely.

Many disorders can present as cavitating lesions in the lung. In this case report, a case of mixed infection with drug resistant tuberculosis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a post-partum patient has been presented.

Grephene is a substance composed of pure carbon with atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern similar to graphite, but in a one-atom thick sheet. It is very light, with a 1-square-meter sheet weighing only 0.77 mg. It is the basic structural element of some carbon allotropes including graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It has considerable interest over recent years due to its intrinsic mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Incorporation of small quantity of graphene fillers into polymer can create novel nano-composites with improved structural and functional properties. Recent investigation clearly confirmed that graphene-polymer nano-composites are promising materials with applications ranging from transportation, biomedical systems, sensors, electrodes for solar cells and electromagnetic interference. This review discusses the different methods of manufacturing graphene based composites and also compiles their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Many references to the latest work on properties and processing have been cited in this review.

A strong negative correlation is reported between the Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) index and COVID-19 mortality. The present study explored if frequent exposure to strong Th1 antigens like Mycobacteria or Salmonella have any effect on the progression of the disease in COVID-19 patients.