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• A novel magnetically responsive nanohybrid, BNNS@M, was utilized to fabricate anisotropic polymeric composites by shaping under a controlled parallel magnetic field. • Under a vertical magnetic field, the composite film containing 30 wt.% BNNS@M demonstrates a through-plane thermal conductivity of 8.5 W m−1 K − 1. • The horizontally oriented film demonstrates superior physical barrier effects during combustion compared to vertically oriented and disordered films, highlighting its superior flame retardancy. • The interfacial thermal resistance and thermal management capacity of the anisotropic film are confirmed through Foygel's model and finite element simulations of chip cooling. The miniaturization and high-power density of electronic devices presents new challenges in thermal management. The precise control of microstructure arrangement, particularly in boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), is essential for achieving efficient heat dissipation in highly thermally conductive composites within electrically insulating package. In this work, manganese ferrite was hydrothermally synthesized on BNNS, creating a layered structure in a magnetically responsive nanohybrid material named BNNS@M. This material was then integrated into a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) solution and shaped under a magnetic field to produce thermally conductive film. By altering the magnetic field direction, the microstructure orientation of BNNS@M was controlled, resulting in anisotropic thermally conductive composite films with horizontal and vertical orientations. Specifically, under a vertical magnetic field, the film 30-Ve-BNNS@WPU, containing 30 wt.% BNNS@M, achieved a through-plane thermal conductivity of 8.5 W m−1 K−1 and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 1.8 W m−1 K−1, showcasing significant anisotropic thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, these films demonstrated excellent thermal stability, mechanical performance, and flame retardancy. Furthermore, employing Foygel's theory elucidated the impact of filler arrangement on thermal conductivity mechanisms and the actual application of 5 G device chips and LED lamps emphasizing the potential of these thermally conductive films in thermal management applications. This investigation contributes valuable design concepts and foundations for the development of anisotropic thermally conductive composites suitable for electron thermal management. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) is a high-efficiency erosion inhibitor for gun propellants. • The erosion reduction efficiency of OPS is twice as high as that of TiO 2 or talc. • In the same proportion, OPS shows a minimal loss of gun propellant fire force than TiO 2 or talc. • The OPS reduces the flame temperature of the gun propellant. • The decomposed nano-SiO 2 protective layer hinders heat transfer and gas erosion. Low erosion high-energy propellant is one of the research directions to extend the weapon's life and improve the weapon's capability. In this study, energetic propellants containing different corrosion inhibitors were designed and prepared. Close bomb tests and semi-confined bomb experiments were used to investigate the burning and erosion properties of the propellants. The mechanism of erosion-reducing of titanium dioxide (titania, TiO 2), talc, and octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) on the propellant was comparatively analyzed. The results show that OPS has the lowest burning rate and the longest burning time, and a minimized loss of fire force, with the best effect of explosion heat reduction. The erosion reduction efficiency of OPS is twice that of TiO 2 and talc. The mechanism analysis shows that the decomposition and heat absorption of OPS can effectively reduce the thermal erosion effect and carbon erosion, and the gas produced can reduce the loss of chamber pressure and form a uniformly distributed nano-SiO 2 protective layer. This solid-state high-efficiency organosilicon erosion inhibitor is an important guide for designing high-energy low-erosion gun propellants. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of hyperthermal oxygen atoms with graphitic carbon surfaces is of fundamental interest due to its importance in aerospace material degradation and in nanomaterials and nanodevice fabrication by plasma etching. In this work, we report the results of O(3P) atomic beam scattering from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with incidence kinetic energies in the range 0.7–1.2 eV. Well-characterized incident beams of O(3P) are generated by VUV photolysis of carbon monoxide by a free-electron laser, and the scattering kinetic energy and angular distributions are measured by off-axis ion imaging. The results are used to benchmark an incoming/outgoing correlation ion imaging technique that is performed using a much simpler discharge source to generate O(3P) beams. By using the velocity information available from ion imaging to correlate the departure time of each scattered atom from the surface with the arrival time of atoms with a particular range of incidence velocities, the technique can achieve an incidence kinetic energy resolution much higher than the kinetic energy distribution of the incident beam. Good agreement is achieved between the two experimental approaches up to incidence energies of 1.0 eV, as long as the discharge source is used under conditions where background signal is kept low. The results are in qualitative agreement with trajectory simulations performed on a machine-learned spin-constrained triplet potential energy surface, which suggests that under the conditions used in this study, direct scattering takes place with limited triplet-to-singlet spin relaxation at the surface.

• A facile and sustainable strategy was proposed for bamboo fibers/poly(lactic acid) composites. • This strategy improved the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of bamboo fibers in poly(lactic acid). • Treated composites exhibited ultra-smooth surfaces, impressive transient properties, and outstanding UV shielding. • A viable approach is reported for producing high-value-added green composites. The increasing deployment of electronics in everyday life has generated great concerns regarding the effective disposal of waste from these components. Here, we focused on a facile sustainable and economical strategy to provide ideas for this issue. This strategy relied on using appropriate mechanical treatment and sodium lignosulfonate coating to improve the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of bamboo fibers in poly(lactic acid). By optimising the particle size and concentration of sodium lignosulphonate, high value-added and green composites were prepared using sectional pressurization with a venting procedure. The treated composite displayed an ultra-smooth surface (roughness of 0.592 nm), impressive transient properties (disintegration and degradation behaviour after 30 d), and outstanding ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties (100 %). These properties hold the promise of being an excellent substrate for electronic devices, especially for high-precision processing, transient electronics, and UV damage prevention. The satisfactory interfacial compatibility of the composites was confirmed by detailed characterisation regarding the related physicochemical properties. This investigation offers a sustainable approach for producing high value-added green composites from biomass and biomass-derived materials. A facile, sustainable, and economical strategy relied on appropriate mechanical treatment and sodium lignosulfonate coating was reported to improve the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of bamboo fibers in poly(lactic acid). This investigation offers a sustainable approach for producing high value-added green composites from biomass and biomass-derived materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Traditional electromagnetic absorbers are difficult to satisfy the new demands of actual utilization. • Progress of several emerging absorbers Mxene-based, biochar-based, chiral and heat resisting composites are introduced. • Potential direction for future development of these emerging absorbers are discussed as well. With the increasing complexity of the current electromagnetic environment, excessive microwave radiation not only does harm to human health but also forms various electromagnetic interference to sophisticated electronic instruments. Therefore, the design and preparation of electromagnetic absorbing composites represent an efficient approach to mitigate the current hazards of electromagnetic radiation. However, traditional electromagnetic absorbers are difficult to satisfy the demands of actual utilization in the face of new challenges, and emerging absorbents have garnered increasing attention due to their structure and performance-based advantages. In this review, several emerging composites of Mxene-based, biochar-based, chiral, and heat-resisting are discussed in detail, including their synthetic strategy, structural superiority and regulation method, and final optimization of electromagnetic absorption capacity. These insights provide a comprehensive reference for the future development of new-generation electromagnetic-wave absorption composites. Moreover, the potential development directions of these emerging absorbers have been proposed as well. This review summarizes the recent progress of several emerging electromagnetic absorbers of Mxene-based, biochar-based, chiral and heat resisting composites, including their synthetic strategy, structural superiority and regulation method, and final optimization of electromagnetic absorption capacity, which provides sufficient reference for the next development of new-generation electromagnetic wave absorption composites. Moreover, the potential development direction of these emerging absorbers has been pointed out as well. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PLA/PANI/MXene (PPM) film electrodes were prepared via an interface-engineered strategy. • PANI as the coupling agent enhanced the interfacial strength between PLA substrate and MXene. • PPM exhibits both significantly enhanced mechanical strength and electrochemical performance than pure MXene film. • The supercapacitor device was built and tested showing excellent performance. Flexible supercapacitors with high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility, and high performance are highly desired to meet the increasing demands of flexible electronics. However, the trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical properties remains challenging. In this context, an interface-engineered strategy approach was proposed to construct polylactic acid (PLA)/polyaniline (PANI)/MXene (PPM) film electrodes for flexible supercapacitor applications. In the PPM electrode, the porous PLA prepared from the nonsolvent-induced-phase-separation method served as an ideal flexible substrate, providing excellent flexibility and high mechanical strength, whereas PANI as the coupling agent, enhanced the interfacial strength between PLA and the electroactive MXene that was firmly anchored and deposited on PLA through a facile layer-by-layer dip coating method. The tensile strength at break, elongation at break, and toughness of PPM are 53.09 MPa, 11.09 %, and 4.12 MJ/m3, respectively, much higher than those of pure MXene (29.36 MPa, 4.62 %, and 0.75 MJ/m3). At an optimum mass loading density of 3 mg cm−2 for MXene, the fabricated PPM3 film electrode achieved a high specific capacitance of 290.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in the three-electrode setup, approximately 1.5 times that of 190.8 F g−1 for pure MXene. Meanwhile, the symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor based on PPM3 film electrodes delivers a high specific capacitance of 193.7 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1, with a corresponding high energy density of 9.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 291.3 W kg−1. The SC retains 86 % of its original capacitance even bent at 120° and also possesses an excellent fire-retardant ability, demonstrating its great potential for flexible and safe wearable electronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static control limits restrict self-healing capabilities and decision-making processes, impeding adaptability to the dynamic shifts in intricate industrial operations, frequently leading to suboptimal or anomalous conditions that undermine production efficiency. This paper presents a methodology for the identification of suboptimal operating conditions with respect to yield and quality. A GSR model for the identification of suboptimal operating conditions of yield and quality based on random forest classification was established. The experimental results demonstrate that the method is capable of rapidly and accurately identifying the production and quality of the calcining kiln. The identification accuracy of the yield and quality of the suboptimal operating conditions is 99.82% and 99.18% respectively. In the production process, real-time identification of operating parameters enables rapid detection of suboptimal operating conditions in yield and quality, providing the basis for optimal regulation and control, which in turn can improve production efficiency.

State-to-state spin–orbit changing collisions of vibrationally excited nitric oxide (NO) with argon (Ar) were studied across a wide collision energy range from 3.5 to 11,200 cm–1(0.43 meV to 1.4 eV) using two molecular beam geometries. Stimulated emission pumping (SEP) for precise initial state preparation and velocity map imaging (VMI) for detailed scattering image capture were employed. These methods enable the study of quantum-state-resolved differential cross sections (DCSs) and provide comprehensive insight into the collision dynamics over both quantum and classical regimes. Theoretical predictions using quantum mechanical close-coupling (QMCC) calculations based on high-level coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) potential energy surfaces (PESs) are compared with experimental results enabling the testing of both repulsive and attractive parts of the PESs. This study highlights the challenges in accurately modeling spin–orbit changing collisions and underscores the importance of precise experimental data for validating theoretical models, thereby advancing our understanding of nonadiabatic collision dynamics.

The influence of laser process parameters on the densification, phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Ta−33wt.%Ti alloy prepared via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was investigated. The results show that fully dense and homogeneous Ta−Ti parts can be obtained from LPBF with appropriate energy input. The cellular and dendritic structures were formed due to constitutional undercooling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the lamellar α″phase within the cellular structures preferred to concentrate at the cellular boundaries owing to the elemental micro-segregation in the solidification front. The samples fabricated under the energy density of 166.7 J/mm3had a favorable ultimate tensile strength of 806 MPa and an excellent Young's modulus of 36.7 GPa.

The luminous characteristics of Mini-LEDs packaged in all-in-one devices, containing red, green, and blue Mini-LEDs and a Micro-IC, have been investigated under different temperatures, current amplitudes, and duty cycles. The transparent displays employ the all-in-one mini-LED devices as the pixels have been demonstrated. The color gamut, ambient contrast ratio, and the luminous characteristics of the transparent displays have also been investigated. The impacts of current amplitude and grayscale on the shift of chromaticity coordinates have been determined. The influences of current amplitude on the shift of chromaticity coordinates are more significant than the influences from grayscale. The ambient contrast ratio of the transparent displays decreases as the viewing angle increases.

Due to data privacy issues, accelerating networks with tiny training sets has become a critical need in practice. Previous methods achieved promising results empirically by filter-level pruning. In this paper, we both study this problem theoretically and propose an effective algorithm aligning well with our theoretical results. First, we propose the finetune convexity hypothesis to explain why recent few-shot compression algorithms do not suffer from overfitting problems. Based on it, a theory is further established to explain these methods for the first time. Compared to naively finetuning a pruned network, feature mimicking is proved to achieve a lower variance of parameters and hence enjoys easier optimization. With our theoretical conclusions, we claim dropping blocks is a fundamentally superior few-shot compression scheme in terms of more convex optimization and a higher acceleration ratio. To choose which blocks to drop, we propose a new metric, recoverability, to effectively measure the difficulty of recovering the compressed network. Finally, we propose an algorithm named Practise to accelerate networks using only tiny sets of training images. Practise outperforms previous methods by a significant margin. For 22% latency reduction, Practise surpasses previous methods by on average 7 percentage points on ImageNet-1k. It also enjoys high generalization ability, working well under data-free or out-of-domain data settings, too.

• Thermally conductive polymer composites and strategies to improve their thermal conductivity are reviewed. • Performance of intrinsic polymers and filled thermal interface composites was comparison were comparatively discussed. • Typical applications of polymer-based composites are discussed in the field of electronic packaging with detailed examples. • Challenges and prospects are discussed. With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization, integration, and high-power consumption, the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate heat, which will cause local high temperatures and will seriously reduce their performance, reliability, and lifetime. Therefore, having efficient heat-conducting functional materials is crucial to the normal and stable operation of electrical equipment and microelectronic products. In view of the excellent comprehensive performance of polymer-based thermally conductive materials (including intrinsic polymers and filler-filled polymer-based composites), it has shown great advantages in thermal management applications. In this review, the research status of preparing polymer-based thermally conductive composites and effective strategies to improve their thermal conductivity (TC) are reviewed. Compared with the higher cost and technical support with adjusting the molecular chain structure and cross-linking mode to improve the intrinsic TC of the polymer, introducing suitable fillers into the polymer to build a thermally conductive network or oriented structure can simply and efficiently improve the overall TC. Typical applications of polymer-based composites were discussed with detailed examples in the field of electronic packaging. Challenges and possible solutions to solve the issues are discussed together with the perspectives. This study provides guidance for the future development of polymer-based thermally conductive composites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-purity 1T-MoS 2 petals were uniformly anchored on the surface of GN to prepare 1T-MoS 2 @GN nanocomposites. • The outstanding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 1T-MoS 2 @GN was up to 6.72 GHz with an ultra-thin matching thickness of 1.84 mm. • The radar scattering cross section (RCS) reduction value of 36.18 dB m2 at 0° could be achieved in this work. The preparation of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials provided with the characteristics of thin matching thickness, broad bandwidth, and mighty absorption intensity is an efficient solution to current EM pollution. Herein, Graphene nanosheets (GN) were firstly fabricated via a facile high-energy ball milling method, subsequently high-purity 1T-MoS 2 petals were uniformly anchored on the surface of GN to prepare 1T-MoS 2 @GN nanocomposites. Plentiful multiple reflection and scattering of EM waves in a distinctive multidimensional structure formed by GN and 1T-MoS 2 , copious polarization loss consisting of interfacial polarization loss and dipolar polarization loss severally derived from multitudinous heterointerfaces and profuse electric dipoles in 1T-MoS 2 @GN, and mighty conduction loss originated from plentiful induced current in 1T-MoS 2 @GN generated via the migration of massive electrons, all of which endowed 1T-MoS 2 @GN nanocomposites with exceptional EM wave absorption performances. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) of 1T-MoS 2 @GN reached –50.14 dB at a thickness of only 2.10 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was up to 6.72 GHz at an ultra-thin matching thickness of 1.84 mm. Moreover, the radar scattering cross section (RCS) reduction value of 36.18 dB m2 at 0° could be achieved as well, which ulteriorly validated the tremendous potential of 1T-MoS 2 @GN nanocomposites in practical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The rGMH@FeNi/epoxy EMI shielding composites with regular 3D honeycomb structures were prepared by sacrificial template, freeze-drying and vacuum-assisted impregnation of epoxy resin. • The influence of f -FeNi loading mode on the EMI shielding performance of composites is illustrated. • The construction of 3D honeycomb structure and electromagnetic synergistic effect significantly increase the EMI shielding effectiveness and reduce the secondary contamination. • The rGMH@FeNi/epoxy composites possess excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. With the rapid development of 5G communication technology and wearable electronic devices, the demand for low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is becoming increasingly urgent. In this work, reduced graphene oxide-MXene (rGMH) @FeNi/epoxy EMI shielding composites with a regular honeycomb structure were successfully prepared by the combination of surface functionalization modification, sacrificial template, and freeze-drying. The effects of magnetic FeNi alloy particle loading mode and loading amount on the EMI shielding performance of composites were investigated. The results show that rGMH@FeNi/epoxy EMI shielding composites have the highest EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and the lowest reflection shielding effectiveness when magnetic FeNi alloy particles are loaded only on the graphene skeleton. In this composite, the EMI SE value of the composite is 61 dB when the rGMH@FeNi mass fraction is 5.4 wt% (f -FeNi mass fraction is 0.9 wt%), which is 4.7 times that of the blended rGO/MXene/FeNi/ epoxy resin composite (13 dB) with the same mass fraction. At the same time, the rGMH@FeNi/epoxy composite has excellent thermal stability (heat-resistance index of 190.3 °C) and mechanical properties (energy storage modulus of 8606.7 MPa). These polymer-based EMI shielding composites with excellent EMI shielding properties and low reflection effectiveness have great potential in the protection of high-power, portable and wearable electronic devices against electromagnetic pollution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There is enough free space inside the multichannel hollow carbon nanofibers to improve the impedance matching. • The three-layer NiSe-ZnSe-C dielectric and the rich heterogeneous interface enhance the interfacial polarization. • The micro- and nanowall arrays facilitate a rich diffusion path, thus slowing down the corrosion process. With the rapid development of 5G technology and the interconnection of industrial production, electromagnetic pollution has become a serious problem. Achieving lightweight and controllable loads of absorbers while obtaining corrosion-resistant absorbers with high electromagnetic response properties is still considered a huge challenge. In this work, carbon fiber with a multichannel hollow structure is obtained by PAN/PS hybrid electrospinning and subsequent high-temperature roasting process. The spatial structure inside the carbon fiber plays an active role in optimizing the impedance matching characteristics of the absorber. In addition, bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives are obtained by a precisely controlled ion exchange as well as a high-temperature gas-phase selenization process. The resulting introduction of a non-homogeneous interface induces interfacial polarization and improves the absorption behavior of the absorber. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance can be effectively enhanced due to the mechanisms of interface polarization and dipole polarization. The prepared NiSe/ZnSe/MHCFs composite can obtain excellent EMW absorption properties in C, X, and Ku bands by adjusting the thickness. Structural design and component modulation play a crucial role in realizing the strong absorption and wide bandwidth of the absorber. Radar cross-section calculations indicate that NiSe/ZnSe/MHCFs have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology. And the prepared composite coating can provide periodic corrosion resistance to Q235 steel sheet when dealing with complex and extreme environments. [Display omitted] Interface polarization induced by heterogeneous interface and dipole polarization caused by material defects enhance the electromagnetic wave absorption behavior of NiSe/ZnSe/MHCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The CNT/PNF electromagnetic wave absorption aerogel was prepared through sol-gel method and freeze-drying method. The RL min of CNT/PNF aerogel was −34.4 dB at 11.76 GHz, and the EAB was 3.44 GHz (8.88 GHz to 12.32 GHz). • The CoNi/CNT/PNF composite aerogel was obtained with the introduction of CoNi particles into CNT/PNF aerogel by in-situ growth and thermal annealing. Its RL min reached −44.7 dB at 6.88 GHz at the thickness of 4.0 mm, meanwhile, the EAB was 12.32 GHz (5.68 GHz to 18 GHz), covering the entire X-band, Ku-band and most of the C-band. • The 3D conductive/magnetic cage-like skeleton was constructed by PNFs and CNTs intertwining with each other and decorating with CoNi particles. The electromagnetic waves were dissipated in the cage-like skeleton through conduction loss and magnetic loss, in conjunction with multiple reflection, scattering, and absorption, favoring for the enhancement of wave absorption property. Polymer-based aerogels are emerging as promising candidates for lightweight and high performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. In this study, an ultralight and rigid poly(p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofiber (PNF) based composite aerogel with excellent EM wave absorption performance was fabricated with cobalt-nickel alloy (CoNi) nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as magnetic and conductive fillers, respectively. A CNT/PNF composite aerogel was first prepared through a sol-gel and freeze-drying method, and then CoNi nanoparticles were introduced therein through hydrothermal reaction and thermal annealing to obtain the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel. CNTs and PNFs were interwoven and constructed a three-dimensional conductive/magnetic cage-like skeleton structure decorating with magnetic CoNi nanoparticles. The cage-like skeleton structure allowed the dissipation of EM waves through multiple mechanisms encompassing conduction loss, magnetic loss, multiple reflection, scattering, and absorption. When its thickness was 4 mm, the CoNi/CNT/PNF aerogel showed a minimal reflection loss of −44.7 dB (at 6.88 GHz), and its broad effective absorption bandwidth covered the entire X-band and Ku-band and most of the C-band (12.32 GHz, from 5.68 GHz to 18 GHz). In addition, the rigid aerogel exhibited an ultralow density (0.107 g/cm3), excellent thermal insulation, and flame retardancy, demonstrating its potential application as a high-performance EM wave absorption material in the fields of aerospace and national defense. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRISPR-Cas9 editing triggers activation of the TP53-p21 pathway, but the impacts of different editing components and delivery methods have not been fully explored. In this study, we introduce a p21-mNeonGreen reporter iPSC line to monitor TP53-p21 pathway activation. This reporter enables dynamic tracking of p21 expression via flow cytometry, revealing a strong correlation between p21 expression and indel frequencies, and highlighting its utility in guide RNA screening. Our findings show that p21 activation is significantly more pronounced with double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) or adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) compared to their single-stranded counterparts. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors induce notably lower p21 expression than AAVs, suggesting their suitability for gene therapy in sensitive cells such as hematopoietic stem cells or immune cells. Additionally, specific viral promoters like SFFV significantly amplify p21 activation, emphasizing the critical role of promoter selection in vector development. Thus, the p21-mNeonGreen reporter iPSC line is a valuable tool for assessing the potential adverse effects of gene editing methodologies and vectors.HighlightsEstablished a p21-mNeonGreen reporter iPSC line to track activation of the TP53-p21 pathway.Found a direct correlation between p21-mNeonGreen expression and indel frequencies, aiding in gRNA screening.Showed that LVs are preferable over AAVs for certain cells due to lower p21 activation, with viral promoter choice impacting p21 response.Sun et al. develop a p21-mNeonGreen reporter iPSC line to dynamically monitor TP53-p21 pathway activation post-CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Their findings reveal how editing components and delivery methods affect p21 activation, offering insights for optimizing gene therapy protocols to enhance safety and efficacy.Graphical Abstract

TiO2-based nanomaterials have been well-studied for building high-performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs). However, their low interface crystallinity has always limited the creation of photogenerated carriers. In this work, a highly efficient, self-powered reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) UV PD with a flexible structure is presented. The hydrothermal BTO film, grown from a TiO2 structure with very good polarization and ferroelectric properties, rGO, possesses a large surface area and good carrier mobility. The self-polarized electric field of the BTO film regulates carrier separation with the assistance of the rGO nanolayer, thus increasing photogenerated carrier generation. The fine crystalline structure of BTO film with a crystal size of 16.2 nm is verified. A coercive field of 7 kV/cm for the rGO/BTO device is less than that of 12 kV/cm for the BTO device. Lower coercive fields tend to have faster switching times, stability, and energy efficiency. The response (I–t) of the PDs was done under an isolated chamber containing a UV source having an intensity of $6~\mu $ W $\cdot $ cm $^{-{2}}$ . The responsivity of BTO and BTO/rGO devices is found to be 0.185 and 29.4 A/W, respectively. The current-voltage (I–V) characteristic was affected by different poling schemes. The temperature effect of the UV PDs is also investigated for practical application. Results show that a significant photocurrent increase was obtained for the rGO device for different poling and temperature conditions under self-powered operation.

Sustainable manufacturing that prioritizes energy efficiency, minimal water use, scalability and the ability to generate diverse materials is essential to advance inorganic materials production while maintaining environmental consciousness. However, current manufacturing practices are not yet equipped to fully meet these requirements. Here we describe a flash-within-flash Joule heating (FWF) technique—a non-equilibrium, ultrafast heat conduction method—to prepare ten transition metal dichalcogenides, three group XIV dichalcogenides and nine non-transition metal dichalcogenide materials, each in under 5 s while in ambient conditions. FWF achieves enormous advantages in facile gram scalability and in sustainable manufacturing criteria when compared with other synthesis methods. Also, FWF allows the production of phase-selective and single-crystalline bulk powders, a phenomenon rarely observed by any other synthesis method. Furthermore, FWF MoSe2outperformed commercially available MoSe2in tribology, showcasing the quality of FWF materials. The capability for atom substitution and doping further highlights the versatility of FWF as a general bulk inorganic materials synthesis protocol.

• CoS x has three different crystal structures with superior electromagnetic wave absorption and anti-corrosion properties. • Synergistic optimized impedance matching of dielectric and magnetic losses in multicomponent formation. • A double-layer Schottky barrier consisting of three dielectric layers enhances interfacial polarization. • The RLmin is −51.31 dB at 2.4 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.92 GHz at 2.1 mm. Subtle microstructure design and an appropriate multicomponent strategy are essential for advanced electromagnetic absorbing (EMA) materials with a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and intense absorption. However, sophisticated environments restrict the range of applications for EMA materials. Herein, three hollow spherical bifunctional CoS x /MnS/C nanocomposites with different crystal structures were constructed via cation exchange and subsequent vulcanization. The manganese sulfide and carbon generated during vulcanization exhibit a narrow band gap and enhanced conductivity, thereby facilitating conductive loss. The presence of cobalt sulfide facilitates the improvement of magnetic loss. More importantly, there is a potential difference between different phases at the heterogeneous interface, resulting in a region of space charge, which is conducive to interfacial polarization. The 3D hollow structure and heterogeneous dielectric/magnetic interfaces benefit the predominant EMA performance by forming perfect impedance matching, interface polarization, conduction loss, and magnetic loss effects. Specifically, an optimal reflection loss (RL) of –51.31 dB at 10.72 GHz and an effective EAB of 5.92 GHz at 2.1 mm can be achieved for Co 1– x S/MnS/C nanocomposite. Moreover, the nanocomposites maintained promising self-anticorrosion properties in simulated seawater environments. Transition metal sulfides with superior self-anticorrosion properties provide a pathway to efficient wave-absorbing materials in complicated environments. The abundant heterogeneous structure and three crystal structures contribute to the composites' excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties and corrosion resistance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CNTs are conformally coated onto the surface of one-dimensional FeCo-based magnetic microchains via electrostatic self-assembly. • Collective orientation of magnetic microchains generates electromagnetic anisotropy. • The proper incorporation of CNTs with magnetic microchains demonstrates a feasible pathway for effectively absorbing microwaves in the S and C band. The control of undesired electromagnetic radiation in S- and C-band spectra requires novel microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) having high microwave attenuation capability together with optimal impedance matching. CNTs are conformally coated onto the surface of one-dimensional FeCo-based magnetic microchains via electrostatic self-assembly, and then the magnetic inclusions are collectively oriented in matrices by applying an external magnetic field. The proper incorporation of CNTs with magnetic microchains demonstrates a feasible pathway for effectively absorbing microwaves in the S and C band. MAMs consisting of oriented microchains have anisotropic complex permittivity, of which the real part ranges from 6.1 to 30.4 at 2 GHz. When the electric field is parallel to microchains, the 5-mm-thick MAM has an effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) in the range of 2.3 to 2.9 GHz, and reduces the radar cross section to be lower than ‒15.9 dB m2 from the vertical to the glancing incidence. When the magnetic field is parallel to microchains, the MAM adsorbs C-band microwaves with an EAB of 1.5 GHz, and achieves maximal reflection loss of ‒46.4 dB. The collective orientation of shape-anisotropic magnetic materials, in addition to the composition and microstructure, is a new variable for the design of effective MAMs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties and the performance of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) directly affect the applications of TSDC in engineering. The failure risk of the TSDC cutting tips during a cutting process is affected by many factors, including the Depth of Cut (DOC) of the pick with the TSDC tip. The DOC is an important indicator in mining and construction industries because it directly affects productivity and pick failures. In existing studies, DOC is usually treated as a deterministic variable. However, due to the drum vibration during a cutting process, the DOC during production often varies randomly around its nominal value. This study investigates the influence of the randomly varied DOC on the performance and failure characteristics of TSDC tipped rock cutting picks, in combination with random resultant angle. Monte Carlo simulation method is applied. It is found that the variation in DOC can have considerable influence on the failure characteristics of the TSDC cutting tips, although this influence is affected by the resultant angle and attack angle. This characteristic is important for optimising the design and application of the TSDC tipped picks.

The anode-free lithium metal battery (AF-LMB) demonstrates the emerging battery chemistry, exhibiting higher energy density than the existing lithium-ion battery and conventional LMB empirically. A systematic step-by-step while bottom-up calculation system is first developed to quantitatively depict the energy gap from theory to practice. The attainable high energy of AF-LMB necessitates a homogeneous Li+flux on the anode side to achieve an improved Li reversibility against inventory loss. On such basis, a lithiophilic Cu3P-decorated 3D copper foil to promote dendrite-free lithium deposition is further reported. The phosphorized surface of high affinity toward Li+incorporating the nanostructure of abundant nucleation sites synergistically regulates the Li nucleation/growth behavior, extending the cycling lifespan of high-loading AF-LMBs. The processed foil featuring lightweight and ultrathin merits further increases the energy density, both gravimetrically and volumetrically. This study provides a novel scheme for simultaneously realizing the uniform deposition of lithium and increasing the energy density of future AF-LMBs.

Due to the prominent advantages of low density, high elastic modulus, high specific strength and specific stiffness, cast Al-Li alloys are suitable metallic materials for manufacturing complex large-sized components and are ideal structural materials for aerospace, defense and military industries. On the basis of the microstructural characteristics of cast Al-Li alloys, exploring the role of alloying and micro-alloying can stabilize their dominant position and further expand their application scope. In this review, the development progress of cast Al-Li alloys was summarized comprehensively. According to the latest research highlights, the influence of alloying and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties was systematically analyzed. The potential methods to improve the alloy performance were concluded. In response to the practical engineering requirements of cast Al-Li alloys, the scientific challenges and future research directions were discussed and prospected.

With the enablement of Internet of Things technology, the electrical grid is currently undergoing a drastic revolution, which is known as smart grid. Since massive sensitive data and control commands transmitted via public channels, the smart grid is challenged by various cyber threats. Authenticated key agreement protocols in smart grid effectively ensure the confidentiality and authentication of communication through mutual authentication and establishing session keys. In this article, we review the existing elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)-based authentication and key agreement protocols in smart gird and perform a security analysis of Hu et al.’s protocol. We exhibit that the protocol fails to resist key compromise impersonation (KCI) attack and cannot provide untraceability. Furthermore, we propose a security-enhanced authentication and key agreement protocol based on ECC, which performs registration, authentication, and key agreement phases over public channels to enable mutual authentication and to establish session keys. The protocol is also proved to be security-enhanced by formal proof and informal analysis. The performance analysis results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is comparable to other existing protocols while achieving enhanced security. Therefore, the protocol satisfies the deployment requirements for resource-constrained smart grid.

The transfer of an oxygen atom from carbon dioxide (CO2) to a transition metal cation in the gas phase offers atomic level insights into single-atom catalysis for CO2activation. Given that these reactions often involve open-shell transition metals, they may proceed through intersystem crossing between different spin manifolds. However, a definitive understanding of such spin-forbidden reaction requires dynamical calculations on multiple global potential energy surfaces (PESs) coupled by spin–orbit couplings. In this work, we report global PESs and spin–orbit couplings for three low-lying spin (quintet, triplet, and singlet) states for the reaction between the niobium cation (Nb+) and CO2, which are used to investigate the nonadiabatic reaction dynamics and kinetics. Comparison with experimental data of kinetics and collision dynamics shows satisfactory agreement. This reaction is found to be very similar to that between Ta++ CO2. Specifically, our theoretical findings suggest that the rate-limiting step in this reaction is intersystem crossing, rather than potential barriers.

AbstractAims/BackgroundRosuvastatin is a common lipid-lowering statin on the market, but its impact on the incidence of long-term cardiovascular events is not well clarified. This study aimed to explore the effects of rosuvastatin on serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and the incidence of long-term cardiovascular events in patients with hyperlipidaemia and H-type hypertension.MethodsThis retrospective study included 158 patients with hyperlipidaemia and H-type hypertension who were treated in the Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine from August 2015 to August 2016. The patients were divided into an occurrence group and a non-occurrence group according to the occurrence of long-term cardiovascular events following the resuvostatin treatment. The changes in blood lipids, blood pressure, serum ADMA levels and vascular endothelial function indexes before and after treatment were compared, and the effect of ADMA on the occurrence of long-term cardiovascular events and its predictive efficacy were analysed using the Spearman correlation test and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.ResultsAfter treatment, the levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, serum ADMA and blood pressure became significantly lower (p< 0.001), with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol exhibiting no significant difference. Twenty-two cases developed long-term cardiovascular events after the treatment, with an incidence of 13.92%. The occurrence group had significantly higher serum ADMA levels than the non-occurrence group (p< 0.001). The rosuvastatin treatment also lowered the levels of endothelin-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and increased the nitric oxide level (p< 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum ADMA levels were positively correlated with the occurrence of long-term cardiovascular events (r=0.462, p< 0.001). Meanwhile, according to the ROC curve, serum ADMA had a good predictive efficacy for long-term cardiovascular events, with an area under the curve of 0.885 (95% confidence interval 0.808–0.963; p< 0.001).ConclusionRosuvastatin can reduce ADMA levels and exert vascular protective effects. The increase in serum ADMA levels is closely related to the occurrence of long-term cardiovascular events in patients with hyperlipidaemia and H-type hypertension, serving as a potential clinical predictor to guide disease prevention and treatment.

In order to understand the recent experimentally measured initial sticking probability CO2on Cu(110), a globally accurate high-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) is constructed based on machine learning of density functional theory data. The reaction path revealed two saddle points flanking chemisorbed CO2with a bent configuration, which serves as a precursor for dissociation. Quasi-classical trajectory studies on this PES found a small and monotonically increasing initial sticking probability, consistent with the recent experiment. The dissociation is enhanced by both incidence energy and internal excitation of impinging CO2. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the reaction is indirect and involves two very different reaction coordinates for the two barriers. The multidimensionality of the reaction path suggests that the one-dimensional model commonly used to describe direct dissociation is inadequate for this indirect process.

Ti(C,N) concentration was found to be lower on the hearth sidewall of a blast furnace and increased gradually toward the bottom of the blast furnace. The Ti(C,N) protective layer in a blast furnace is thin. Therefore, the formation of a Ti(C,N) protective layer was promoted by studying the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium compounds on different substances and regulation measures for the deposition process of titanium compounds on refractories or impurities. The lattice disregistry between the titanium compounds and the main components in the refractory or the main impurities in the protective layer was calculated using a two-dimensional disregistry equation to study the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium compounds. The results revealed that in refractory materials, the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is weak when C, SiO2, and Al2O3are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates, and the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is strong when TiO2and SiC are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates. As nucleation phases, TiC, TiN, Ti(C0.3,N0.7), and Ti(C0.5,N0.5) have similar heterogeneous nucleation ability in single component refractory, and the type of carbonitride has little effect on the lattice disregistry. The impurities in the protective layer as the substrate phases are not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride. When CaS was used as the substrate phase, the heterogeneous nucleation ability of carbonitride was the worst. Both carbon and alumina were not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride, but carbon was more unfavourable than alumina.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with Western medication on lower-limb motor function and blood circulation in patients with cerebral infarction-induced hemiplegia in the acute stage. Methods: One hundred eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke accompanied by lower-limb motor dysfunction were allocated to an observation group and a control group using the random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine Western medications for treatment, and the observation group received additional EA intervention. After 2-week and 4-week treatments, the improvement of lower-limb motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for lower extremity (FMA-LE), and changes in the peak blood flow velocities of the posterior tibial (PT) and dorsalis pedis (DP) arteries on the affected side were detected using Doppler. Results: Three cases dropped out during the study, so there were 48 cases in the observation group and 49 in the control group collected for statistical analysis. The FMA-LE score and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries increased after 2-week and 4-week treatments in both groups compared with the pre-treatment baseline (P&lt;0.05). After 2-week treatments, the FMA-LE score and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). After 4-week treatments, compared with the control group, the FMA-LE score was higher (P&lt;0.05), and the peak blood flow velocities of PT and DP arteries on the affected side were larger in the observation group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: EA combined with Western medication can significantly improve the motor function and blood flow velocity of the affected lower limb in patients with acute cerebral infarction accompanied by hemiplegia.

With the continuous increase in petroleum consumption and the trend towards more refined management, crude oil storage tanks are playing an increasingly crucial role in the petrochemical industry. However, the corrosion issue of crude oil storage tanks has consistently been a major factor limiting their service life, and leaks in crude oil tanks are often attributed to corrosion of the tank bottom. Due to the high cost and complexity associated with tank opening inspections, in this paper, directly observable information and physical quantities are utilized as indirect evidence, combined with Bayesian network, to indirectly determine the probability of tank corrosion. This approach allows for selective internal tank inspections, enabling effective risk assessment while also facilitating cost savings. Some parameters in the Bayesian network model are obtained through a probability estimation model combining expert experience and fuzzy set theory. Finally, the feasibility of the method is demonstrated by citing examples. The current model can offer a relatively reliable reference for evaluating the risks associated with tanks and their ancillary facilities, while also reducing the costs of tank inspections to some extent.