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Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death characterized by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. It is a novel form of cell death different from apoptosis and necrosis. Because of its unique mode of cell death, it has attracted a large number of research reports from the oncology community. Changes in iron ions and accumulation of lipid peroxides have confirmed the correlation between ferroptosis and tumors, and thus ferroptosis can be considered to have a great oncological therapeutic potential. This paper brings to light the significance of metabolic pathways and key genes like System Xc-/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Membrane-bound O-acyltransferases 1 (MBOAT1) and Membrane-bound O-acyltransferases 2 (MBOAT2) in modulating ferroptosis in cancer cells. The susceptibility of cancer cells to ferroptosis, influenced by their high levels of reactive oxygen species and specific mutation profiles, is analyzed, suggesting new avenues for enhancing the effectiveness of established cancer treatments. In this review, we address the current understanding of ferroptosis induction and ferroptosis defense mechanisms, briefly describe the role and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumor suppression, and discuss therapeutic strategies for targeting ferroptosis caused by tumors.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of faecal collection devices on incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in critically ill patients with faecal incontinence.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff.Approach:A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8–22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries.Results:A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30–44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52–163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61–3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11–2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08–2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated.Innovation:This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark.Conclusion:The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future.

•Optical-thermal-mechanical coupling problem of the absorber tube is settled.•Secondary reflector effectively uniforms solar flux distribution on absorber tube.•Secondary reflector enhance local heat transfer of slurry at phase change section.•Mean Nusselt number increases 29.3% for 15vol% slurry compared with water.•Equivalent thermal stress at the absorber outlet presents petal-like distribution.

•The hypernetwork topology structure of the informal organizations is depicted.•A SIR model has been proposed to explore the information transmission.•Four kinds of information transmission models are constructed based on the time evolution.•The information transmission ability is measured.•It is meaningful for understanding the informal relationships.

Current researches on node importance evaluation mainly focus on undirected and unweighted networks, which fail to reflect the real world in a comprehensive and objective way. Based on directed weighted complex network models, the paper introduces the concept of in-weight intensity of nodes and thereby presents a new method to identify key nodes by using an importance evaluation matrix. The method not only considers the direction and weight of edges, but also takes into account the position importance of nodes and the importance contributions of adjacent nodes. Finally, the paper applies the algorithm to a microblog-forwarding network composed of 34 users, then compares the evaluation results with traditional methods. The experiment shows that the method proposed can effectively evaluate the node importance in directed weighted networks.

•Intensive exercise in the early postoperative rehabilitation after hip fracture (up to 3 months postoperatively) is beneficial to the recovery of physical function in older adults.•Intensive exercise with more load lead to greater improvements in muscle strength, balance, and functional ability.•Older adults with cognitive impairment were not included in the studies selected for this review, conclusions about the training results may not be extended to this population.

The paper proposes a model which helps to investigate the competitive aspect of real networks in quantitative terms. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, it shows that the competitive model has the universality for a weighted network. The relation between parameters in the weighted network and the competitiveness in the competitive network is obtained by theoretical analysis. Based on the expression of the degree distribution of the competitive network, the strength and degree distributions of the weighted network can be calculated. The analytical solution reveals that the degree distribution of the weighted network is correlated with the increment and initial value of edge weights, which is verified by numerical simulations. Moreover, the evolving pattern of a clustering coefficient along with network parameters such as the size of a network, an updating coefficient, an initial weight and the competitiveness are obtained by further simulations.

Abstract: Through investigations on the growth of the (100) face of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal by ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) with different pH values at different supersaturations at 40°C, it was found that the growth of crystal was controlled by step flow at lower supersaturations, and the morphologies of steps were different under different growth conditions. In addition, at the higher supersaturations, 2D nucleation mechanism controlled the growth. When the supersaturations were lower, the dislocation mechanism controlled the growth of crystal, and when σ ⩾0.05, 2D nucleation mechanism played a dominant role in the growth of the (100) face for pH=4.2 and pH=2.5. However, for pH=5.0, the dislocation mechanism also dominated the growth of crystal when the supersaturations were lower, but when σ ⩾0.03, the crystal growth was controlled by 2D nucleation mechanism. Through investigations on the step flow of the (100) face of KDP crystal by in situ AFM with different pH values at lower supersaturations at 25°C, the velocities of normal growth of the (100) face were estimated at different growth conditions by in situ AFM. It was found that when the pH value was 5.0, the normal growth rate was the fastest at the same supersaturation compared to the other pH values and screw dislocation mechanism controlled the crystal growth. In addition, we found that with the reduction of the supersaturation of the solution, the density of steps also decreased, the width of steps became larger. Finally, a phenomenon which was the obvious anisotropic growth of steps in the step flow was observed by in situ AFM at σ = 0.025 at pH=5.0.

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to establish the Ekeland's variational principle and Caristi's fixed point theorem in probabilistic metric spaces and to give a direct simple proof of the equivalence between these two theorems in the probabilistic metric space. The results presented in this paper generalize the corresponding results of [9–12].

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different disinfectants in preventing pin-site infection. A total of 32 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected as the research subjects. The rabbits were placed in an Ilizarov 3/4 circular external fixator for a period of time after feeding. They were then divided into four groups of eight animals each. After surgery, pin-site nursing was performed twice a day with a different disinfectant for each group (chlorhexidine gluconate alcohol disinfectant, Maokang iodine, 75% alcohol and physiological saline). Each pin site’s surrounding conditions were visually observed daily, and bacterial culture of the pin-site secretions was promptly performed. The changes of C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell upon the first day, first week, second week, fourth week, and sixth week after the operation were compared, as were infection statuses and morphological changes in the surrounding tissue at the sixth week post operation. The differences in the CRP and white blood cell values and infection rates among the four groups were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), but the difference in infection levels among the four groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, the difference in the pathologically inflammatory cells among the four groups at the sixth week post operation was statistically significant (P < 0.05).It was concluded that the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate alcohol disinfectant in preventing pin-site infection was superior compared to the other three disinfectants.