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We have calculated the electronic structure of Cu in the vicinity of the (100) surface. We used the relativistic SCF-LMTO-ASA method, within a slab geometry and including the surface dipole terms. We find two surface states at the M -point; the first lies about 0.2 eV above the d-band continuum and the second lies within a spin-orbit gap near the top of the d-band continuum. Both states have been observed experimentally and our calculated dispersion relations are in reasonably good agreement with the measurements. We have also carried out first-principles photocurrent calculations using the layer-by-layer potential functions and the spectra are in excellent agreement with previous photoemission measurements.

The magnetic hyperfine fields in several Fe and Co multilayers have been calculated for both in-plane and perpendicular magnetization by using a relativistic band structure method. The anisotropy in the hyperfine field is pronounced and is connected with the large anisotropy in the orbital and magnetic dipole moments.

The magneto-optical Kerr effect in several Fe and Co multilayers has been calculated. Three possible origins for the enhanced Kerr rotations found in the ultrathin multilayers, namely, the increased interface Fe and Co magnetic moments, stronger spin-orbit coupling and induced magnetization in the heavy nonmagnetic elements, are investigated.