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Abstract: Infrared and Raman investigations of two phases of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) based organic conductors with the same CF3CF2SO3− anion: β′-(BEDT-TTF)2CF3CF2SO3 and δ′-(BEDT-TTF)2CF3CF2SO3, are shortly reviewed and compared with the most typical infrared properties of the family of (BEDT-TTF)2RR′SO3 organic conductors, where R = SF5, CF3, and R′ are CH2, CF2, CHF, CHFCF2, and CH2CF2. The role of the molecular structur and spatial organization of the counterions is discussed.

ABSTRACTVoice is an important biological cue, which may reveal a significant amount of information about an individual. Particularly in males, it plays a crucial role in processes like male competition or sexual selection. Additionally, voice can provide a cue for body size assessment. This study investigates the relationship between male voice characteristics and physical features (assessed by women) and determines the accuracy of these assessments. Three groups of female judges assessed 60 male voices (20 different voices per group) across seven categories of male physical features: height, body fat, musculature, body shape, hirsuteness, age and strength. Recordings of five vowels and sentence and number of anthropometric measurements were made for each of the studied men. Intra- and extragroup agreement of assessments of men’s physical characteristics was demonstrated. Men with lower fundamental frequency (F0) and lower formant dispersion (Df) values were perceived as being heavier, older, stronger and more likely to have chest hair. However, across all the analysed fields of assessment, no accuracy was registered between estimates and men’s actual physical characteristics. These findings suggest that females were guided by stereotypes in their assessment of men’s appearance from voice alone. We propose the size exaggeration hypothesis as an explanation of this phenomenon

Graja, A, Kacem, M, Hammouda, O, Borji, R, Bouzid, MA, Souissi, N, and Rebai, H. Physical, biochemical, and neuromuscular responses to repeated sprint exercise in eumenorrheic female handball players: effect of menstrual cycle phases. J Strength Cond Res36(8): 2268–2276, 2022—Very few studies have been interested in the relationship between ovarian hormones and physiological function in female athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of menstrual phases (MP) on physical, neuromuscular, and biochemical responses after repeated sprint exercise (RSE) in female handball players. Ten eumenorrheic athletes (22.5 ± 1.5 years, 1.70 ± 0.04 m) participated in 3 study visits (follicular phase [FP], luteal phase [LP], and premenstrual phase [PMP]). During each MP, they performed 20 × 5-second cycle sprints interspersed with 25 seconds of rest. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests of the knee extensor muscles at 90° of knee flexion were performed before and after RSE. Peak force and electromyography (EMG) signals were measured during the MVC tests. Blood samples were collected before and 3 minutes after each session. The percentage of decrement in peak power output over the 20 × 5-second cycle test (i.e., fatigue index) calculated between sprints 1 and 20 decreased significantly during PMP (−43.3% ± 5.7%) but not in LP (−39.2% ± 7.7%) compared with FP (−32.44% ± 6.3%) (p< 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found between MP in all frequency components of EMG before RSE (p> 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction, neuromuscular efficiency, and median frequency values of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were significantly decreased in PMP compared with FP and LP (p< 0.05). Creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly higher in PMP compared with FP and LP after RSE (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that RSE induces more peripheral fatigue associated with muscle damage in PMP. This might be attributable to hormonal variation across MP. Therefore, FP seems to be the right time for intense training to improve strength performance.

Le phénotype immunohistochimique des carcinomes mammaires métastatiques peut être différent de celui du carcinome mammaire primitif (CMP). L’étude de cette variation est primordiale tant sur le plan thérapeutique que pronostique.

Horror games represent a very specific genre specifically designed to elicit fear. These games provide a tremendous emotional experience balanced between stress and satisfaction. Yet, over time, the player acquires further insight of the mechanisms of the game, dissipating the creepy climate that reduces the emotional impact intended. This article hypothesises that exploring existing facets within a game such as visuals and sounds might establish a good approach to renew the gaming experience. To understand the players’ emotional reactions toward context alteration, an adaptation of a published game (P.T. by Konami 2014) was used. This context refers mainly to light effects, sounds, and in-game events. To learn which game effects induce the strongest physiological reactions, an experiment was conducted, and correlation between the physiological data, collected through the measure of the galvanic skin response, and that of the perceived emotion provided by participants, was investigated. Results show that the order in which effects are arranged can produce extensive emotional responses. They also suggest that psychological impact can be increased not only by the visual horror itself, but also through the process that slowly builds up to it, in particular the usage of sounds.

OBJECTIVE: Pseudoglandular hyperplasia of the conjunctiva (PHC) is a rare benign epithelial pseudotumor. We report herein a new case of this rare entity, review its histopathological features and discuss its differential diagnoses.

Le cancer de la prostate est le deuxième cancer de l’homme dans le monde et le 3een Tunisie. Le score de Gleason (SG) obtenu sur les biopsies prostatiques est un élément essentiel dans la décision de traitement du cancer de la prostate localisé.

A cyber-physical process is a set of cyber and physical activities performed to accomplish a common goal in a given amount of time. The collaboration between cyber-physical processes describes the behaviour of networked cyber-physical systems (NCPS). NCPS have time-related and physical properties, which are crucial to the correctness of their execution. However, when we specify the collaboration between processes, some combination of their corresponding properties can be conflicting. This conflict renders the participating cyber-physical processes incompatible. We observe two types of problems: implicit time-related, and physical-related incompatibilities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to verify the compatibility of cyber-physical processes with time-related and physical properties. We first define a set of constraints that allow the transformation of the NCPS model into a constraint satisfaction model. Then, we check the compatibility of the processes. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our approach through a case study.

AimVery few studies have investigated the temporal specificity of melatonin (MEL) ingestion upon short-term maximal athletic performances. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of morning MEL ingestion on cognitive and physical performances measured in the afternoon.MethodsTwelve soccer players from a Tunisian squad (17.9 ± 1.3 years, 1.74 ± 0.06 m and 62.0 ± 8.8 kg) participated in the present study. They performed two testing sessions at 08:00 h, 12:00 h and 16:00 h after either MEL (5mg) or placebo (PLA) ingestion, in a randomized order. During each period, the participants performed the following cognitive and physical tests: reaction time and vigilance tests, medicine-ball throw (MBT), five jumps, handgrip strength (HG), and agility tests.Resultscognitive and physical performances were significantly higher at 16:00 h compared to 08:00 h during the two conditions (p < 0.05). Moreover, performances of MBT and HG were lower in the morning with MEL in comparison to PLA (p < 0.05). However, MEL ingestion did not affect physical and cognitive performances measured at 12:00 h and 16:00 h.Conclusionmorning MEL ingestion has no unfavourable effect on afternoon physical and cognitive performances in soccer players.

This paper proposes a formal modelling for self-organising multi-agent systems (SOMAS) based on stepwise refinements, with the Event-B language and the temporal logic of actions (TLA). This modelling allows to develop this kind of systems in a more structured manner. In addition, it enables to reason, in a rigorous way, about the correctness of the derived models both at the local level and the global level. Our work is illustrated by the foraging ants case study.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method for the spoken Tunisian dialect understanding within a limited task. This method couples a discriminative statistical method with a domain ontology. The statistical method is based on conditional random field (CRF) models learned from a little size corpus to perform conceptual labeling task. These models are able to detect the semantic dependency between words. However, the domain ontology is used to add prior knowledge about the task. Our experiments are based on a real spoken Tunisian dialect corpus. The obtained results show that the proposed method is able to improve the performance of CRF models for speech understanding by the integration of the domain ontology. Our method can be exploited for under-resourced languages and Arabic dialects to overcome the lack of linguistic resources .

The preparation and unit cell parameters of a novel fullerene-containing compound, (C60)6S80.C2HCl3, is described. The compound is orthorhombic with a = 10.512(6) Å, b = 21.072(26) Å  and c = 38.985(50) Å. The UV-VIS-NIR-IR spectra of the compound are analysed. It is concluded that the new sulfur-fullerite is true van der Walls solid without strong interactions between the constituent molecules.

The infrared and Raman spectra of neutral bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) as powder sample is reported. An assignment of the fundamental vibrational modes is presented and discussed; the vibrations are assigned using correlations between the obtained data and those for similar compounds: BEDT-TTF and BEDO-TTF. The results are used for analysis of absorption spectra and microreflectance polarized IR spectra of single crystal k-(BETS)2FeCl4. The vibrational features of the spectra have been essentially assigned to a mixture of normally-inactive totally-symmetric Agmodes and IR-active modes of other symmetries. A general discussion of the origin of the electronic bands is given also. To our knowledge, the first spectral investigation of BETS and its salt are presented in this paper.

Organic compounds have long been considered the most natural representatives of the insulating state. It started to change about fifty years ago, after the synthesis of an extraordinary organic molecule: tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ). This molecule displays unique chemical and physical properties and give rise to a very rich class of organic conducting materials. The common feature of this conductors is high ordering of TCNQ molecules, very often in linear one-dimensional chains or columns. The physical properties of TCNQ salts are determined by two major points: 1) a restricted electronic dimensionality and 2) electronic correlations and electronphonon interactions. The aim of the paper is to review the influence of the properties and spatial structure of the cations on selected physical properties of adequate TCNQ complex salts. Some uncommon effects such as thin layers molecular organization and anions orientation, multidimensionality of hydrogen bonded networks of the salts - their types and strengths, melting of organic composites based on TCNQ and photoinduced melting of spin-Peierls phase in CT compounds are discussed. Possible applications of TCNQ salts are also mentioned.

Breast cancer patients’ long-term survival rate depends on many factors, such as the biological features of the tumour, stage of disease and mode of treatment. In most cases, in management of breast cancer combination therapy is used, according to indications. Qualification for adjuvant therapy is based on the assessment of several factors of established prognostic and predictive values. As a standard the patient's age, primary tumour size, axillary lymph node involvement, cancer histological type, its malignancy grade and steroid receptor expression are considered.

Spectral and electrical investigations of the semiconducting (BEDT‐TTF)2W6O19and the metal‐like (BEDT‐TTF)6(Mo8O26)(DMF)3salts were performed. The vibrational and electronic spectra of the crystalline samples were analysed and assignment of the vibrational features was proposed. The temperature evolution of the vibrational spectra of the (BEDT‐TTF)2W6O19salt was discussed.

The relationship between various mammary gland diseases and thyroid disorders has been the focus of interest at many research centres. What has been investigated are various genetic and hormonal underlying factors and conditions as well as the co-existence diseases of both organs.

Results of the studies of the electrical and spectroscopic properties of organic composites obtained by direct solid–solid charge-transfer (CT) reactions between bis(ethylenedioxy)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDO-TTF) and iodine or gold iodide are presented. The electrical properties of these materials are somewhat different compared to the properties of similar composites based on BEDT-TTF. It is shown that anomalies in the electrical properties of the composites are due to the formation of two phases: (BEDO-TTF)2.4I3 and (BEDO-TTF)I3. In the case of (BEDO-TTF)x/AuI composites, the formation of a third phase (BEDO-TTF)2AuI2 is assumed.

We report the polarized infrared reflectance spectra and optical conductivity of β‘ ‘-(ET)2SF5RSO3 superconducting (R = CH2CF2), metallic (R = CHF), and metal−insulator (R = CHFCF2) mixed crystal materials. Incorporation of chiral counterions in the superconducting matrix allows us to tune the physical and spectroscopic properties over the composition range by modulating the anion potential. We conclude that the two low-energy electronic excitations at ≈5200 and 9600 cm^-1 are spectral manifestations of charge localization in the ET stack, made manifest by both local (anion pocket) and spatial (positional) disorder.

We focus our attention on the plasma-edge-like dispersion of the reflectance spectra of the selected bis(ethylenodithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF)-derived organic conductors. The standard procedure to determine the electron transport parameters in low-dimensional organic conductors consists of fitting the appropriate theoretical models with the experimental reflectance data. This procedure provides us with basic information like plasma frequency, the optical effective mass of charge carriers, their number, mean free path and damping constant. Therefore, it is concluded that the spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the electronic processes in conducting organic solids.

The structure, vibrational and calorical properties of fullerene C60 in toluene solution were investigated both experimentally and theoretically in detail. The aggregation kinetics results indicated that the structure of C60 aggregates in toluene could be described as a fractal system. The electronic absorption spectra of C60 toluene solution with different concentration testify to the molecular character of absorption. The vibrational spectrum of smallest stable spherical cluster formed from the 13 single fullerene C60 molecules in toluene solution was calculated using the molecular dynamics approach and compared with Raman spectroscopy data. The numerical values of thermodynamical coefficients αP, βT,βS, cP, cV and sound velocity were determined from the (P-ρ-T) data measured for C60 toluene solution.

AbstractOptical conductivity spectra of the organic composite (BEDT-TTF)2/I3obtained by direct solid-solid charge-transfer reaction between bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene and iodine are investigated in the infrared range. It shown that the granular structure of the composite strongly influence its conductivity for optical frequencies.

Raman scattering excited with 1064nm laser beam was used to study the temperature properties of the radical anion salt C60with tetraphenylphosphoniumiodide (Ph4P)2·C60·I. The enhanced intensity, broadening and red-shift of the low-frequency C60modes were all explained as a result of electron–molecular vibration (e–mv) interactions. The e–mv coupling constants were evaluated for low-frequency Hgand Agmodes of the fullerene monoanion. The determined coupling constants for (Ph4P)2·C60·I are in good agreement with earlier results for the fullerene and its compounds.

A detailed theoretical study of the phase (P-T) diagram of fullerene C60 is carried out using both the thermodynamic principles and the calculated model based on the rigid molecules interacting via the (n-m) potential model.

Main results of the investigations of fullerene and its derivatives are briefly reviewed. Such topics as plasma spectroscopy, fullerenes and nanotubes formation, C60 carbyne knots, fullerene reduction and doping, charge transfer states and electroabsorption of C60, electrical conductivity, superconductivity, ESR properties, fullerene clathrates, C60/C70 complexes with organic donors, fullerene adducts, hydrogenated fullerenes, metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes are discussed.

Geometry and energy of formation of single molecules: fullerene C60, CS2 and tetrathiofulvalene (TTF) and their complexes: C60 +CS2 and C60 +TTF were obtained using Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory methods in various basis sets. Weak chemical interactions were estimated enough well using HF/6-31G for a comparison of various geometrical conformations of these complexes. Energy of formation evaluation in charge-transfer complex C60 +TTF is performing additionally calculating complex with far-separated molecules.

Synthesis and some properties of two monoadducts of C60to TTF (EDT-TTF–C60dyad for the ethylenedithio- and DMDT-TTF–C60dyad for both methylthio-TTF substituents) and a third compound, in which TTF is linked to two C60(C60–TTF–C60), are presented. Infrared spectra of the investigated compounds show that the chemical bonding of C60to TTF involves the latter in vibrations of the C60part, mainly in its tangential vibrations. Some typical bands of the TTF core present distinct temperature anomalies suggesting an inclination of C60group(s) in relation to the plane of TTF core, and/or changes in dynamics of molecular groups.

Polarized reflectance and optical conductivity spectra of single crystals of a new organic conductor based on the BEDO molecule, BEDO5[CsHg(SCN)4]2, were investigated in the 600–6500 cm−1and 9000–40 000 cm−1range for the three principal axis at 300 K. Quasi-two-dimensional character of the conducting electronic system was established. The parameters of electronic system were obtained using the Drude model. The conducting bands of the investigated conductor appeared to be narrower than those of the recently investigated superconductor with the analogous structure, (BEDO-TTF)2ReO4(H2O). An assignment of the vibrational features for all the investigated polarizations was proposed.

Most of the researches works describe powertrain models under stationary operating conditions. However, the stationary assumption cannot always be true because during operation, the speed and the charge conditions are fluctuating. In this paper, dynamic behavior of nonlinear powertrain model under acyclism condition and the effect of cracked gear teeth on the dynamic response are investigated. The developed dynamic model considers the main components of the powertrain. The system is driven by a combustion engine through a clutch. The acyclism operation is caused by diesel engine generating torque, speed and gear mesh stiffness fluctuations. Moreover, the randomly cracked teeth of the gear are modeled by lowering the meshing stiffness. Using Runge Kutta 5th order method to solve the motion equations, time response and time-frequency representation are used to investigate the effect of acyclism and cracked teeth on dynamic behavior of the system. Simulation results show a simultaneous frequency and amplitude modulation due to acyclism and that gear defect lead to an increase in the vibratory level. Also, the presence of the characteristic impulses depends on the meshing of the cracked tooth.

Quantum chemical ab initio investigations of the stability of the non-covalent fullerene complexes: C60 molecule + Li atom, two C60, two C60 + CS2, C60 + CS2, C60 + C6H6 were performed using Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods in various basis sets. The inclusion of electron correlation effect calculated by using DFT B3PW91 model during the optimization of Li atom position above hexagonal of C60 gives the smaller distance from the centre of C60 equal to 7.75 Å and large positive energy of formation equal to 4.452 kcal/mol in comparison with HF calculated distance 8.39 Å and energy of formation 1.810 kcal/mol. The positive energy of formation equal to 0.483 kcal/mol for optimized complex two C60 + one CS2 was found by HF. The presence of CS2 molecule stabilises this complex with the energy equal to 0.281 kcal/mol. Complexes: C60 + CS2, C60 + C6H6 do not possess the positive energy of formation.

Complexes of fullerene C"6"0 with different organic donors have been studied by optical absorption spectroscopy in solutions and in solid state. Charge transfer bands were found for C"6"0 complexes with tetrathiafulvalenes, pyranylidene and xantenyl in the 600-1300 nm range. It is shown that the energies corresponding to the maxima of charge transfer bands (hv"c"t) for C"6"0 complexes in solution are almost independent of solvent polarity. The hv"C"T values for the complexes in solid state are ~0.15-0.20 eV less than in solution. The dependence of the hv"C"T values on donor ionization potentials (Ip) for C"6"0 complexes with tetrathiafulvalenes in solid state was found to be hv"C"T= 0.82 i"p-3.93 eV. The lowering of the intensity was observed for the C"6"0 transitions at 420-540 nm in absorptoin spectra of single crystals of some C"6"0 complexes obviously due to isolation of C"6"0 molecules.

AbstractQuantum chemical ab initioinvestigations of the stability of the non-covalent fullerene complexes: C60molecule + Li atom, two C60, two C60+ CS2, C60+ CS2, C60+ C6H6were performed using Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods in various basis sets. The inclusion of electron correlation effect calculated by using DFT B3PW91 model during the optimization of Li atom position above hexagonal of C60gives the smaller distance from the centre of C60equal to 7.75 Å and large positive energy of formation equal to 4.452 kcal/mol in comparison with HF calculated distance 8.39 Å and energy of formation 1.810 kcal/mol. The positive energy of formation equal to 0.483 kcal/mol for optimized complex two C60+ one CS2was found by HF. The presence of CS2molecule stabilises this complex with the energy equal to 0.281 kcal/mol. Complexes: C60+ CS2, C60+ C6H6do not possess the positive energy of formation.

Abstract: Electronic absorption spectra of complexes of C60 and C70 fullerenes with donors, tetrathiafulvalene and pyranylidene derivatives, were studied in solutions and in the solid state. Charge transfer bands were found in the 680–1300 nm range. The charge transfer energies (hv ct) for the C60 and C70 complexes in solutions are close and almost independent of the solvent polarity. For the C60 complexes in the solid state, the dependence ofhv ct on the ionization potential (IP) of donors was found to behv ct=0.82IP–3.93 eV. In the C60 complexes in the solid state, thehv ct values are 0.15–0.20 eV lower than those in the solution. The linear dependences ofhv ct onIP of donors for the C60 complexes lie 0.6–0.7 eV higher than those in the complexes with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). This is associated with lower values of the electron affinity of C60 and the energy of the electrostatic interaction in the fullerene complexes as compared to those of the TCNE complexes.

Fullerene intercalated compounds are the most intensively examined molecular materials to exhibit superconducting, ferromagnetic, optical non-linear and other properties. the fullerene C60 or C70 serve usually as electron acceptors in these materials. Although the electron acceptor properties of the fullerene are similar to those of the weak organic acceptors, the fullerene forms various C60-based materials, namely clathrates, charge-transfer complexes and weak, molecular complexes. the search for cation species for fullerene-based materials is one of the routes towards progress in the design of materials with interesting physical properties.Physical properties of the fullerene-derived molecular compounds are determined mainly by their crystal structure packing. Relatively large cavities in the fullerene solid can easily accommodate small units like solvent molecules or electron-donor organic compounds. An intercalation with these species is usually accompanied either by a lowering in crystal symmetry or by a change in the stacking arrangement of the C60 spheres. These factors influence the interactions between fullerene (host) and an organic molecule (guest). Charge transfer between the electron donor molecule and the fullerene is usually weak and is hindered by unfavourable steric factors; it does not correlate with the ionization potential of the donor.In this paper we present characteristic structures of one-, two-, and three-component fullerene compounds or else the structures of fullerene clathrates, neutral (van der Waals) complexes and ionic charge-transfer complexes. One can conclude that the stability and properties of the fullerene-based derivatives are defined by the steric compatibility between the three-dimensional donor and the spherical or elongated fullerene.