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The link between elevated LDL-C, low HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease has solidified over the past decades. Concomitantly, the number of agents to treat dyslipidemia proliferated in clinical trials, proving or refuting their clinical efficacy. Many of these agents’ role in reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality is now clear. Recently, there has been an explosion in emerging therapeutics for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease through the control of dyslipidemia. This article reviews standard, new, and emerging treatments for hyperlipidemia.

ABSTRACTRecent incidents in the United States and abroad have heightened concerns about the use of ricin toxin as a bioterrorism agent. In this study, we produced, using a robust plant-based platform, four chimeric toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that were then evaluated for the ability to passively protect mice from a lethal-dose ricin challenge. The most effective antibody, c-PB10, was further evaluated in mice as a therapeutic following ricin exposure by injection and inhalation.

Discusses the factors which influence the ejection decision of aircraft crew during crises. Details on the evolution of ejection seat system; Definition of pressing; Conclusion.

Streptokinase, an exotoxin, is a potent activator of plasminogen within a clot. We theorized that subtherapeutic doses of streptokinase labeled with 131I might tag clots sufficiently for isotopic visualization. We injected 131I streptokinase into dogs that had experimentally produced clots, with and without prior Streptokinase administration. Results showed that, for diagnostic purposes, the pulmonary emboli and venous thrombi could not be adequately defined by the 131I streptokinase. It did not sufficiently localize in the clots for positive imaging. Clot-labeling was variable and background radiation levels were high. When dogs were heparinized to prevent the clots from enlarging, clot-labeling with 131I streptokinase was similar to that obtained using 131I alone.

The history of medicine makes it axiomatic that diseases of unknown etiology have given rise to innumerable measures for their relief. Success in therapy, however, with few exceptions, was attained only on the discovery of the causative factor. In this respect thromboangiitis obliterans is typical. The literature of the last three decades reveals hundreds of therapeutic suggestions which have been tried and which have yielded little success. This may be attributed to the fact that of all the peculiar etiologic agents which have been suggested, none up to the present time has proved to be the real cause of the condition. Among the causes which have been advanced may be mentioned ethnologic predisposition, metabolic disturbances, climatic and balneologic conditions, endocrine disturbances and syphilis. The toxic effects of drugs and chemicals, such as tobacco, alcohol and ergot, have also been suggested as the possible cause of the disease. However, none of

1. Injuries of the abdominal aorta in dogs may be corrected with subsequent perfect restoration of the continuity of the vessel. 2. The complete occlusion of the aorta for a period of 30 minutes is not necessarily followed by serious consequences. 3. In cases in which a portion of the aorta must be resected, an arterial segment taken from another animal can be safely utilized as a transplant. 4. While the reestablishment of the continuity of the severed aorta by the circular suture is possible, the approximation of the severed ends during the suture entails such injury that thrombosis frequently occurs. Therefore, when the aorta is completely severed, the introduction of a transplanted segment is indicated. 5. An arterial tube of increased caliber made of smaller vessels such as the carotid lends itself readily as a transplant to the severed aorta, with a reasonable assurance of reestablishing the continuity of this vessel. 6. Defects in the aorta can be readily corrected by the use of fascial transplants with a minimum danger of thrombosis.

Abstract: This article deals with a factorial analysis of Thurstone'sPrimary Mental Abilities Tests. The analysis was made in order to determine whether the tests designated to measure a particular ability would be found upon completion of the analysis to be clustered together with significant loadings and be isolated from the tests of the other abilities. The results show that most of the tests specifically designed to measure six of the abilities were isolated with loadings varying in size. The tests for the remaining ability were not isolated. It is also shown that the tests are complex in nature, measuring more than any one single ability.

Abstract: Intercorrelation coefficients among Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities scores were obtained from scores of 170 freshmen engineering students on the experimental edition of thePrimary Mental Abilities Tests. These correlation coefficients were factored to four factors, interpreted as a general factor, a reasoning factor, a verbal factor, and, tentatively, a specific memory factor. The finding of a general factor for a college population corroborates the Thurstones' finding of a general factor for eighth-grade children.

In a former paper Dr. Kristeller and I referred to a number of methods that have been devised for the purpose of estimating the sufficiency of the kidney function and have shown wherein they are unsatisfactory and impracticable. Up to that time we had made observations on fifty-eight subjects, giving seventy injections of phenolsulphonephthalein. These observations were made on healthy males and on a series of cases of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, acute diffuse nephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis and a few cases of enlarged prostate. The results obtained warranted the conclusion that the elimination of the drug went hand in hand with the elimination of the normal products of metabolism, a fact for which this method is bound to prove of greater value than any other devised.We pointed out that phenolsulphonephthalein possesses the following advantages:1. The drug does not readily decompose in solution and can be sterilized by boiling.

The recent studies of Zinsser1concerning the possible relationship of Brill's disease to a previous typhus fever infection suggests the importance of determining by a simple test a previous infection with typhus fever.Inasmuch as many such patients are of foreign birth, and in whom infection had probably occurred some years previous, the clinical history is not always readily obtained. Likewise, a Weil-Felix reaction usually becomes negative with, or soon after convalescence and therefore cannot be used for this purpose.The present work described the use of formalized Rickettsia suspension for this purpose. Fleck and Kurkowski2found that filtrates of Proteus X 19 were ineffective. Our tests were carried out with a formalized Rickettsia suspension made from tunica vaginalis scrapings kindly furnished us by Zinsser of Harvard University.Accordingly, a series of 12 males who had had typhus fever, the diagnosis having been established 6 months previously in one case, and in the remainder from one year to 8 years were given the test about to be described. These cases were obtained through the courtesy of Dr. J. Rosenbluth, of the Bureau of Communicable Diseases of the New York City Department of Health. In all these cases the diagnosis had been confirmed by a positive Weil-Felix reaction with the exception of one in which the Weil-Felix had not been carried out.For the control, 10 adults with no previous history of typhus fever infection were given a similar skin test. The test consisted of an intracutaneous injection of 0.1 to 0.2 cc. of formalized Rickettsia suspension. The patients were observed 24 to 48 hours after the injection. None of the controls gave any reaction, whereas all the 12 with the previous history of typhus infection showed an erythematous indurated area from 1 cm. to 4 cm. in diameter.

Any investigations which throw light on the causation or treatment of that greatest of obstetrical calamities, rupture of the uterus, are of importance to the obstetrician, the surgeon and the general practitioner. The most frequent causes of this condition are obstructions to the descent of the fetus, with neglect of the procedures necessary for delivery of the child, as in patients treated by midwives or by the laity. Such obstructions are often in the form of contracted pelves, or tumors of the pelvis encroaching on the parturient canal. A normal fetal head of large measurements or a hydrocephalic head may cause obstruction by failure to enter a normal pelvis. Malpositions of the fetus, as a transverse position with a shoulder presentation, lead invariably to obstruction unless properly cared for.Rupture of the uterus has been the direct result of manipulations, as attempted versions or the use of the hand or

A single mAb is an effective therapy in nonhuman primates infected with Marburg or Ravn virus.

In a previous report, one of us (Goodman) had outlined the evidence for the belief based upon epidemiological studies of others that thrombo-angiitis obliterans was a late manifestation of typhus fever. Since that time, Zinsser has pointed out in studies of Brill's disease that typhus infection may remain latent in the body for an indefinite length of time.In a previous communication we have pointed out that a formalized Rickettsia suspension seemed to give a positive skin reaction in individuals with a previous typhus infection. Therefore we attempted this skin test in a number of cases of thrombo-angiitis obliterans in order to determine whether or not they had had a previous infection of typhus fever.Accordingly, 14 males clinically diagnosed as thrombo-angiitis obliterans, some with and some without gangrene, were given intracutaneously 0.1 to 0.2 cc. of formalized Rickettsia suspension as used previously. At the same time for control, an injection of a similar amount of Proteus X19 filtrate was also likewise injected at a different site. A group of 12 controls included 2 with arteriosclerosis. The site of the injections was examined as in the previous study after 24 to 48 hours following the injection. The results are enumerated in Table I, where a negative reaction indicates no erythema or induration, and a + reaction a wheal or raised, reddened, indurated area 1/2 cm. to 1 cm. in diameter, and a ++ reaction from 1 cm. to 3 cm.The cases diagnosed clinically as thrombo-angiitis obliterans show a positive skin test with Rickettsia organisms which suggests the possibility of previous typhus fever infection. Moreover, a number of the cases diagnosed as thrombo-angiitis obliterans came from typhus infected areas.Of course the series is small and likewise further controls are required by skin-testing other vascular conditions as well as skin tests with further control suspension, such as tunica vaginalis and guinea pig testicle.

When Congress 'grandfathered' existing coal-fired power plants form its strictest regulatory standards in the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments, it was on the expectation that the old plants would soon be closed. Nearly a quarter century later, federal and state agencies are suing eight power companies for allegedly making substaintial modifications to dozens of plants without undergoing the stringent New Source Review permitting procedure that brand-new plants must face. The result, say the agencies, is longer lives for the plants, and more pollution. The companies argue that the modifications don't cross the threshold that would make the plants subject to New Source Review. At the same time, the whole concept of New Source Review is under scrutiny -even attack- by a wide range of interests. New sources must install prescribed Best Available Control Technology in CAA attainment areas for a particular pollutant, while new sources in non-attainment areas must install even stricter Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate technology. Both methods are costly, offer industry little alternative in compliance, and discourage the entry of cleaner technologies, critics say.As a result of all this controversy, some members of Congress are considering banishing or significantly amending New Source Review to grant business more flexibility to innovate in meeting the act's pollution abatement and public health goals. The end of grandfathering has also been featured in congressional proposals. Meanwhile, EPA officials are talking about reforms of their own to rationalize the permitting process for all power plants, new and old. Is it time to end grandfathering, so that old coal-fired plants can be retired? And is it time to look at the New Source Review program to see if it shouldn't beretired -or rejuvenated- at the same time? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studies of the conditions incident to the cause of autolysis and the dissolution of the transplant, we devoted especial attention to the influence of hemolysis and agglutination on transplants. No question is more timely than that concerning the causes of their absorption.Most authors lay great stress on the importance of eliminating the two great dangers in blood transfusion — hemolysis and agglutination. We must consider blood transfusion not only as an infusion of a certain quantity of fluid, but also as a transplantation of a definite mass of tissue represented by the cellular elements of the blood.Accordingly, before transplanting the thyroid, we first made hemolysis and agglutination tests, and operated only when these reactions were absent.Owing to difficulties in obtaining and in handling the blood (which have since been obviated to some extent by a new method), we are thus far able to report results in