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Properties, structural features, and basic principles for the synthesis of some new carbon-carbonaceous composite materials (CCM) originating at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis are discussed. The CCM are synthesized via chemical growth of carbon deposits in a pre-formed porous carbon matrix. Among the CCM are: Sibunit produced by supporting pyrocarbon (PC) on carbon black granules, carbon filaments (CFC) produced by decomposition of CH4 over Ni or Ni−Cu catalysts, CFC on Sibunit, CFC on ultradispersed diamond, and systems such as CFC/CFC, PC/CFC, etc. Basic mechanisms of structure and texture formation of CCM and some of their properties as adsorbents and catalyst supports are reported.

The SIMS method has been used for studying the time dependent intensities of the secondary ions H2O+, O+, CH3+ and C+ under Ar+ bombardment of two CCF samples with different packing of filaments. The thickness of defect layers is estimated from the median of secondary ions distribution.

Catalytic properties of molybdenum-alumina catalysts for propylene oxidation are shown to be determined by water-soluble molybdenum compounds, being apparently aluminomolybdenum heteropoly acids bonded to the catalyst surface.

Temperature dependence of the reaction rate of H2 oxidation on nickel oxide and solid solutions of nickel ions in MgO prepared at 573–1373 K, has been studied. The variation of the catalytic properties with temperature is attributed to the presence of nickel ions in different oxidation states simultaneously, i. e. Ni(II) and Ni(III).

Without Abstract:

According to IR spectroscopic studies, a Ti−Mo heteropolyacid is formed on the surface of Ti−Mo catalysts prepared from ammonium paramolybdate and TiO2.

IR spectroscopic studies of the interaction of propylene with the surface of 5% and 25% MoO3−Al2O3 catalysts have revealed a decisive role of the Brönsted acid centers in the oxidation of propylene to acetone.