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This article discusses the role of ASEP Exercise Physiologists in helping clients decrease stress. Stress is a common part of everyday life, but excessive or negative stress can have negative effects on mental and physical health. Exercise is recommended as a way to manage stress, with walking being a good starting point. Regular exercise can improve the body's ability to handle stress and also has numerous other health benefits. In addition to exercise, other strategies such as laughter and spirituality can also help reduce stress. The article emphasizes the importance of taking control of one's thoughts and circumstances to decrease stress and improve overall well-being. [Extracted from the article]

The goal of this work is to create highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors that can detect lactate, an essential substance in the body's anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, by utilizing lactate oxidase (LOx) and glutaraldehyde (GA)-modified indium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. Several structural investigations validated the effective immobilization of LOx and GA on the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with indium-doped ZnO nanorods. Lactate was detected with the LOx-GA/In-doped ZnO biosensor, which showed linear range of 0.1–36 mM, sensitivity value of 0.73301 µA/mM, and quantification and detection limits of 2.7 μM and 0.8 μM, respectively. The biosensor also displayed stability, repeatability, and selectivity. The sensor demonstrated remarkable lactate recovery rates when applied to real serum and urine specimens from athletes. The serum samples ranged from 96.00% to 99.28% with a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 3.77–4.25, and the urine samples from 94.00 to 98.58 with an RSD% of 3.55–4.62. These results point to the LOx-GA/In-doped ZnO/GCE sensor platform's potential for a range of biomedical uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the process of dyeing cotton fabric with reactive dye using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. Reactive dyes are commonly used for dyeing cotton fabrics because they create permanent color by forming covalent bonds with the fibers. Glutaraldehyde is a powerful crosslinking agent that can enhance dye uptake and improve fixation on the fabric. The article provides detailed instructions for the dyeing process using glutaraldehyde and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this method. It also examines the effects of crosslinking agents on the physical properties of the dyed fabric, finding that glutaraldehyde improves stiffness, crease recovery, rubbing fastness, and light fastness. Additionally, replacing alkali with glutaraldehyde reduces hydrolysis of reactive dyes and makes the process more eco-friendly. [Extracted from the article]

We aimed to determine whether adhesive components could increase the release time of effective fluoride concentration from an experimental fluoride varnish applied to bovine teeth. An experimental fluoride varnish containing 5% sodium fluoride (EX1) was prepared and combined with 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (EX2), 5% glutaraldehyde (EX3), or 35% HEMA/5% glutaraldehyde mixture (EX4). Two commercially available fluoride varnishes were used for comparison. Each group was applied to bovine incisors, and the fluoride release and pH were monitored for 30 days. Cell viability analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were performed. EX4 released the highest and most effective concentration of fluoride for the longest period and reached neutral pH at the earliest; the release was maintained for up to 30 days without cytotoxicity. In conclusion, EX4 is considered to be the most effective varnish to prevent dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable microneedle sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have great potential for clinical impact by allowing access to large data sets to provide individualized treatment plans. To date, their development has been challenged by the accurate wide linear range tracking of interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose (Glu) levels. Here, we present a CGM platform consisting of a three-electrode microneedle electrochemical biosensor and a fully integrated radio-chemical analysis system. The long-term performance of the robust CGM on diabetic rats was achieved by electrodepositing Prussian blue (PB), and crosslinking glucose oxidase (GOx) and chitosan to form a 3D network using glutaraldehyde (GA). After redox by GOx, PB rapidly decomposes hydrogen peroxide and mediates charge transfer, while the 3D network and graphite powder provide enrichment and release sites for Glu and catalytic products, enabling a sensing range of 0.25–35 mM. Microneedle CGM has high sensitivity, good stability, and anti-interference ability. In diabetic rats, CGM can accurately monitor Glu levels in the ISF in real-time, which are highly consistent with levels measured by commercial Glu meters. These results indicate the feasibility and application prospects of the PB-based CGM for the clinical management of diabetes. This study addresses the challenge of continuous glucose monitoring system design where the narrow linear range of sensing due to the miniaturization of sensors fails to meet the monitoring needs of clinical diabetic patients. This was achieved by utilizing a three-dimensional network of glutaraldehyde cross-linked glucose oxidase and chitosan. The unique topology of the 3D network provides a large number of sites for glucose enrichment and anchors the enzyme to the sensing medium and the conductive substrate through covalent bonding, successfully blocking the escape of the enzyme and the sensing medium and shortening the electron transfer and transmission path. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) still do not guarantee good biocompatibility and long-term effective durability for clinical application due to their subacute thrombus, inflammation, calcification, tearing and limited durability. In this study, double-modified xanthan gum (oxidized/vinylated xanthan gum (O 2 CXG)) was acquired from xanthan gum for subsequent double crosslinking and modification platform construction. Sulfonic acid groups with anticoagulant properties were also introduced through the free radical polymerization of vinyl sulfonate (VS) and vinyl on O 2 CXG. Taking advantage of the drug-loading function of xanthan gum, the treated pericardium was further loaded with inflammation-triggered dual drug-loaded nanogel (heparin (Hep) and atorvastatin (Ator)). Mechanical properties of O 2 CXG-crosslinked porcine pericardium (O 2 CXG-PP) were significantly improved via the first network formed by Schiff base bonds and the second C-C bonds network. Due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups as well as the dual drug release from nanogels under the stimulation of H 2 O 2 , the hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, pro-endothelialization and anti-calcification properties of the crosslinked pericardium modified with nanogels loaded with Hep and Ator (O 2 CXG+VS+(Hep+Ator) nanogel-PP) was significantly better than that of GA-crosslinked PP (GA-PP). The collaborative strategy of double crosslinking and sequential release of anticoagulant/endothelium-promoting drugs triggered by inflammation could effectively meet the requirement of enhanced multiple performance and long-term durability of bioprosthetic heart valves and provide a valuable pattern for multi-functionalization of blood contacting materials. Currently, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are subject to subacute thrombus, inflammation, calcification and tearing, which would not guarantee good biocompatibility and long-term effective durability. We developed a cooperative strategy of double crosslinking and surface modification in which double-modified xanthan gum plays a cornerstone. The mechanical properties of this BHV were significantly improved via the first network formed by Schiff base bonds and the second C-C bonds network. Inflammation-triggered combination delivery of heparin and atorvastatin has been demonstrated to enhance anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory and pro-endothelialization of BHVs by utilizing local inflammatory response. The collaborative strategy could effectively meet the requirement of enhanced multiple performance and long-term durability of BHVs and provide a valuable pattern for the multi-functionalization of blood-contacting materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyester fabric has been treated with sericin using different methods to improve the comfort of sportswear. Five different coating methods have been investigated, namely polyester fabric treated with alkali, alkali and sericin, sericin with DMDHEU and glutaraldehyde mixture, plasma followed by sericin and glutaraldehyde, and plasma followed by sericin and DMDHEU. The low-stress mechanical properties of the samples have been investigated. Sericin-treated fabric samples show higher tensile resilience, shear rigidity, shear hysteresis, bending and bending hysteresis, compressional energy and compressional resilience and lower extensibility, surface friction and surface roughness. The hand values of all the samples have improved, and the raw fabric treated with plasma, sericin, and DMDHEU has produced the highest overall hand value of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of the aging population and the development of transcatheter heart valve replacement technology (THVR), clinical demand for bioprosthetic valves is increasing rapidly. However, commercial bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs), mainly manufactured from glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine or bovine pericardium, generally undergo degeneration within 10-15 years due to calcification, thrombosis and poor biocompatibility, which are closely related to glutaraldehyde cross-linking. In addition, endocarditis caused by post-implantation bacterial infection also accelerates the failure of BHVs. Herein, a functional cross-linking agent bromo bicyclic-oxazolidine (OX-Br) has been designed and synthesized to crosslink BHVs and construct a bio-functionalization scaffold for subsequent in-situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The porcine pericardium cross-linked by OX-Br (OX-PP) exhibits better biocompatibility and anti-calcification property than the glutaraldehyde-treated porcine pericardium (Glut-PP) as well as comparable physical and structural stability to Glut-PP. Furthermore, the resistance to biological contamination especially bacterial infection of OX-PP along with anti-thrombus and endothelialization need to be enhanced to reduce the risk of implantation failure due to infection. Therefore, amphiphilic polymer brush is grafted to OX-PP through in-situ ATRP polymerization to prepare polymer brush hybrid BHV material SA@OX-PP. SA@OX-PP has been demonstrated to significantly resist biological contamination including plasma proteins, bacteria, platelets, thrombus and calcium, and facilitate the proliferation of endothelial cells, resulting in reduced risk of thrombosis, calcification and endocarditis. Altogether, the proposed crosslinking and functionalization strategy synergistically achieves the improvement of stability, endothelialization potential, anti-calcification and anti-biofouling performances for BHVs, which would resist the degeneration and prolong the lifespan of BHVs. The facile and practical strategy has great potential for clinical application in fabricating functional polymer hybrid BHVs or other tissue-based cardiac biomaterials. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are widely used in valve replacements for severe heart valve disease, and clinical demand is increasing year over year. Unfortunately, the commercial BHVs, mainly cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, can serve for only 10–15 years because of calcification, thrombus, biological contamination, and difficulties in endothelialization. Many studies have been conducted to explore non-glutaraldehyde crosslinkers, but few can meet high requirements in all aspects. A new crosslinker, OX-Br, has been developed for BHVs. It can not only crosslink BHVs but also serve as a reactive site for in-situ ATRP polymerization and construct a bio-functionalization platform for subsequent modification. The proposed crosslinking and functionalization strategy synergistically achieves the high requirements for stability, biocompability, endothelialization, anti-calcification, and anti-biofouling propeties of BHVs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valvular heart disease is a major threat to human health and transcatheter heart valve replacement (THVR) has emerged as the primary treatment option for severe heart valve disease. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) with superior hemodynamic performance and compressibility have become the first choice for THVR, and more BHVs have been requested for clinical use in recent years. However, several drawbacks remain for the commercial BHVs cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, including calcification, thrombin, poor biocompatibility and difficulty in endothelialization, which would further reduce the BHVs' lifetime. This study developed a dual-functional non-glutaraldehyde crosslinking reagent OX-VI, which can provide BHV materials with reactive double bonds (C C) for further bio-function modification in addition to the crosslinking function. BHV material PBAF@OX-PP was developed from OX-VI treated porcine pericardium (PP) after the polymerization with 4-vinylbenzene boronic acid and the subsequent modification of poly (vinyl alcohol) and fucoidan. Based on the functional anti-coagulation and endothelialization strategy and dual-functional crosslinking reagent, PBAF@OX-PP has better anti-coagulation and anti-calcification properties, higher biocompatibility, and improved endothelial cells proliferation when compared to Glut-treated PP, as well as the satisfactory mechanical properties and enhanced resistance effect to enzymatic degradation, making it a promising candidate in the clinical application of BHVs. Transcatheter heart valve replacement (THVR) has become the main solution for severe valvular heart disease. However, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) used in THVR exhibit fatal drawbacks such as calcification, thrombin and difficulty for endothelialization, which are due to the glutaraldehyde crosslinking, resulting in a limited lifetime to 10-15 years. A new non-glutaraldehyde cross-linker OX-VI has been designed, which can not only show great crosslinking ability but also offer the BHVs with reactive double bonds (C C) for further bio-function modification. Based on the dual-functional crosslinking reagent OX-VI, a versatile modification strategy was developed and the BHV material (PBAF@OX-PP) has been developed and shows significantly enhanced anticoagulant, anti-calcification and endothelialization properties, making it a promising candidate in the clinical application of BHVs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has yet to be any recent data on the effect of more environmentally friendly disinfectant Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water (EOW) on the dimensional stability of alginate material. In this experimental laboratory study, 126 specimens of alginate material were divided into three groups and disinfected by spraying with EOW, Glutaraldehyde 2%, and NaOCl 1% solution. Dimensional stabilities were observed at 1 minute and 10 minutes after the disinfection procedure. There was no statistically significant difference in alginate dimension stability in all treatment groups. The smallest dimensional changes were found in the EOW groups, with a delta average () of 0.07mm in the 1-minute procedure and 0.32mm in the 10-minutes procedure. EOW as disinfectant material has the smallest alginate dimensional stability change compared to Glutaraldehyde 2% and NaOCl 1% in both 1-minute and 10-minutes disinfection procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have been widely used due to the revolutionary transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) techniques but suffer from a limited lifespan. Previous modification methods of BHVs mainly rely on glutaraldehyde precrosslinking and subsequent modification. In this study, we have engineered a Poly-2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) coated BHV based on co-crosslinking and co-polymerization strategies. Our BHV overcomes previous limitations of glutaraldehyde prefixation by introducing free molecules before crosslinking to achieve the crosslinking and allyl moiety immobilization simultaneously. Decellularized porcine pericardium and 2-Amino-4-pentenoic acid (APA) are firstly co-crosslinked by glutaraldehyde to obtain alkenylated porcine pericardium (APA-PP), then APA-PP is copolymerized with hydrophilic monomer 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to prepare pHEMA grafted porcine pericardium (HEMA-PP). Compared with traditional glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardium (GA), HEMA-PP exhibits decreased cytotoxicity and significantly increased endothelialial cells proliferation (7-folds higher than GA after 3-day incubation). In vitro and ex vivo hemocompatibility studies demonstrate the superiority of HEMA-PP in anti-thrombogenicity, where the platelet adhesion decreased by levels of approximately 89% compared to GA. Moreover, HEMA-PP maintains structurally stable with a low level of calcification in the subcutaneous model. The hydrodynamic performance and durability are proven to meet the requirements of ISO 5840-3. Altogether, HEMA-PP may have the potential for future clinical application. Currently, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have drawbacks including cytotoxicity, calcification and thrombosis, which would accelerate structural valvular degeneration and limit the service life of BHVs. We developed a new modification strategy that could simultaneously improve the biocompatibility, anti-calcification and anti-thrombotic properties of BHVs. Moreover, the appropriate durability and hydrodynamic property demonstrated the potential of our strategy for clinical application. This work will potentially prolong the service life of BHVs and provide new insight for the modification of BHVs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports a magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticle incorporated carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC)/poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film with favorable composition for skin tissue engineering application. CMC/PVA films were prepared with different polymer ratios and cross linked with glutaraldehyde. The films possess surface roughness favorable for cell adhesion, desired swelling behavior and controlled degradation. Among the films, CMC/PVA (50:50) have tensile strength (28.31 MPa) and hydrophilicity (69.8º contact angle) close to those of skin tissue. MgO nanoparticles was incorporated in CMC/PVA film to improve antimicrobial and cell supportive property. The MTT assay revealed that MgO–incorporated composite films were non-cytotoxic exhibiting higher cell viability which is favorable for cell proliferation. CMC/PVA films with 1.5% PVA showed higher cell viability than other composite films with desired antimicrobial property. Thus, CMC/PVA composite film containing 1.5% MgO was demonstrated to be a potential artificial extra cellular matrix for skin tissue engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of diagnostic techniques, the incidence of bioprosthetic heart valve thrombosis (BHVT) is found to be seriously underestimated. Developing bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) that have good hemocompatibility without sacrificing other properties such as hydrodynamics and durability will be an effective strategy to alleviate BHVT. In this study, we developed a PEGylation method by co-crosslinking and subsequent radical polymerization. 2-amino-4-pentenoic acid was used to introduce carbon-carbon double bonds for glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardia. Then poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was immobilized on pericardia by radical polymerization. A comprehensive evaluation of the modified pericardia was performed including structural characterization, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, mechanical properties, component stability, hydrodynamic performance and durability of the BHVs. The modified pericardia significantly reduced platelet adhesion by more than 75% compared with traditional glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardia. Cell viability in the modified pericardia group was nearly 5-fold higher than that in glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardia. The hydrodynamic performance met the requirements of ISO 5840–3 under physiological aortic valve conditions and its durability was proved after 200 million cycles of accelerated fatigue test. In conclusion, PEGDA modified pericardia exhibited improved antithrombogenicity and cytocompatibility properties compared with glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardia. Bioprosthetic valve (BHV) implantation requires BHV to be structurally stable as well as biocompatible in vivo. Traditional glutaraldehyde crosslinking method prepared BHV suffers from severe cytotoxicity, thrombosis, and calcification. BHV modification methods that have simultaneously improved structural stability and biocompatibility were rarely reported. Here, we proposed a PEGylation method for BHV based on co-crosslinking strategy that could improve its structural stability as well as hemocompatibility. We take the advantage of high efficiency of glutaraldehyde crosslinking and demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the PEGylated strategy, offering a promising option in glutaraldehyde-based BHV fabrication in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A sporicidal surface disinfection is recommended both for the outbreak and the endemic setting but a comparative evaluation on the efficacy of 'sporicidal' surface disinfectants using suspension tests and 4-field tests has not been performed.Aim: To determine the efficacy of five 'sporicidal' surface disinfectants (three ready-to-use wipes (A, B, E), two concentrates (C, D) based on peroxides or aldehydes against C. difficile spores.Methods: The efficacy was determined under clean conditions using a suspension test and the 4-field test. Each test was performed in duplicate in two separate laboratories. Wipes were wrung to collect the solution for the suspension tests.Results: Product A (peracetic acid; 5 min), product C (peracetic acid; 2% solution in 15 min or 1% solution in 30 min) and product D (peracetic acid; only 2% solution in 15 min) were effective with at least a 4 log10-reduction of C. difficile spores in suspension and on surfaces. Product B (hydrogen peroxide) was not effective in suspension (0.9 log10 after 15 min; 3.2 log10 after 1 h) and on surfaces (2.8 log10 after 15 and 60 min). Product E based on glutaraldehyde, (ethylendioxy)dimethanol and DDAC demonstrated 0.9 log10 after 4 h in suspension and 4.5 log10 after 4 h on surfaces.Conclusions: Not all surface disinfectants with a sporicidal claim were effective against C. difficile spores in standardized suspension tests and in the 4-field test. In clinical practice preference should be given to products that reliably pass the efficacy criteria of both types of tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of multifunctional nanomaterial for the adsorption of different types of pollutants is a challenge and could be a solution for many problems associated with wastewater treatment. This current study propose the use of crosslinked chitosan/nitrogen doped-graphene quantum dot nanocomposites (CS/NGQD) synthesized via glutaraldehyde as cross-linker to remove various pollutants including bacteria, proteins, fluoride, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. This nanomaterial was characterized using different techniques (FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy). This nanocomposite offered higher pollutants removal efficiencies compared to its component parts. Using CS/NGQD the removal reached 60% for proteins and 88% for the bacterial load. A significant removal enhancement was also obtained for pharmaceuticals (63% for chlorothiazide, 81% for carbamazepine, and 89% ranitidine), dyes (82% for Azo blue , 84% for methylene blue and 94% for orange G) , and fluoride (42%). Interestingly, after 5 cycles of reuse, the nanocomposite remains efficient for the removal of pollutants from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electrochemical biosensing of cancer biomarker heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). • A low-cost plastic chip electrode (PCE) was fabricated by solution casting method. • Optimal surface biofunctionalization was established using anti-HSP70 antibody. • A highly specific and sensitive HSP70 detection was observed with LOD of 3.5 pg/mL. Early diagnosis of cancer can help not only in saving precious lives but also in reduction of the disease management expenses due to the effective and shorter anti-cancer treatment. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a cancer biomarker whose level is increased in a plethora of cancerous tumors. Therefore, this work is focused on the development of cost-effective label-free biosensing over a novel plastic chip electrode (PCE) platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of the HSP70 biomarker. The gold-coated surface of PCE was modified with 4-aminothiophenol and glutaraldehyde linking chemistry, and further immobilized with a bioreceptor anti-HSP70. Further, sensing experiments were performed using differential pulse voltammetry. The results confirmed the successful surface modifications and immobilization of the anti-HSP70 antibody on the PCE platform. PCE electrochemical biosensor displayed the highly sensitive detection of the HSP70 in the wide linear range of 0.01-1000 ng/mL and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.5 pg/mL at 3σ. Also, HSP70 detection from the serum samples with excellent sensitivity, accuracy and specificity was demonstrated. Overall, the novel PCE biosensor has demonstrated great promise for highly sensitive and selective detection of the HSP70 cancer biomarker. Graphical abstract [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy articular cartilage is a remarkable bearing material optimized for near-frictionless joint articulation. Because its limited self-repair capacity renders it susceptible to osteoarthritis (OA), approaches to reinforce or rebuild degenerative cartilage are of significant interest. While exogenous collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatments improve cartilage's mechanical properties and increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation, their effects on cartilage lubrication remain less clear. Here, we examined how the collagen crosslinking agents genipin (GP) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) impact cartilage lubrication using the convergent stationary contact area (cSCA) configuration. Unlike classical configurations, the cSCA sustains biofidelic kinetic friction coefficients (μk) via superposition of interstitial and hydrodynamic pressurization (i.e., tribological rehydration). As expected, glutaraldehyde- and genipin-mediated CXL increased cartilage's tensile and compressive moduli. Although net tribological rehydration was retained after CXL, GP or GTA treatment drastically elevated μk. Both healthy and "OA-like" cartilage (generated via enzymatic digestion) sustained remarkably low μk in saline- (≤0.02) and synovial fluid-lubricated contacts (≤0.006). After CXL, μk increased up to 30-fold, reaching values associated with marked chondrocyte death in vitro. These results demonstrate that mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness) are necessary, but not sufficient, metrics of cartilage function. Furthermore, the marked impairment in lubrication suggests that CXL-mediated stiffening is ill-suited to cartilage preservation or joint resurfacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dextranase, a hydrolase with wide applications mainly in the sugar industry and in producing valuable prebiotics has been immobilized by different strategies. However, in the present study, successful covalent cross-linking of dextranase in the form of aggregates (CLAD) without support is established. The precipitated dextranase molecules (300 mM ammonium sulfate) were cross-linked through glutaraldehyde (150 mM) at 25 °C within 3.0 h to improve dextranase activity (140 Umg−1). The comparative analysis of CLAD with free showed no change in reaction time and optimum pH while thermal, pH, and storage stability of dextranase was enhanced after aggregation. The reusability of CLAD was also superior with 50% residual activity after 14 cycles. Besides these, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the endolytic behavior of dextranase that released oligosaccharides upon continuous hydrolytic action. The outcomes of the current strategy will help to make the enzyme cost-effective with improved stability and reusability. [Display omitted] • Crosslinked aggregates of Dextranase (CLAD) were synthesized using glutaraldehyde. • Salt precipitation followed by covalent cross-linking of dextranase was used for CLAD synthesis. • Improved kinetics characteristics of CLAD were noted compared to soluble dextranase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alendronate are widely used in the treatment of bone disorders characterized by inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption such as Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, bone metastases and osteoporosis. In recent studies alendronate improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby facilitating for bone regeneration. The disadvantages of this class are their poor bioavailability and side effects on oral and intravenous application such as stomach irritation and osteonecrosis in jaw. Thus, local treatment of alendronate is needed in order to achieve high concentration of drug. Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold with alendronate was studied. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent, increase the characteristics of this scaffold. The objectives of this study were to manufacture and characterize alendronate scaffold using bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Preparation of cross-linked bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and alendronate scaffold with different concentration of glutaraldehyde (0.00, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00%). The scaffolds were characterized for compressive strength, porosity, density, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and cytotoxicity (the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, shorted as MTT assay). Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked with glutaraldehyde showed lower density than without glutaraldehyde. As glutaraldehyde concentration increased, porosity also increased. Eventually, it reduced compressive strength. Swelling ratio and in vitro degradation was negatively dependent on glutaraldehyde concentration. In addition, the scaffold has a good safety by MTT assay. Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold was fabricated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The presence of glutaraldehyde on bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate is safe and suitable candidate scaffold for bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems targeting bone tissue, such as to treat bone infectious disease. However, the addition of drugs to biomaterials weakens their mechanical properties. Crosslinkers are compounds that improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials. This study aims to determine the effect of glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a crosslinker on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone scaffold with gentamicin as antibiotics (BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA). BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA scaffold with GTA solid content ranging from 0.1 to 1.4 wt% was made by direct compression. The compressive strength test was carried out using autograph. Scaffold degradation test was carried out by dissolving the scaffolds in PBS. Scaffold toxicity was performed by MTT assay using BHK-21 fibroblast cells. There was a significant difference in the scaffolds' compressive strength due to differences in GTA volume. Scaffold crosslinked using GTA with solid content 0.1 and 0.2 wt% in 2 mL solution had higher compressive strength than those in 1 mL solution. Furthermore, GTA with solid content 0.6, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 wt% showed higher compressive strength than those without GTA. Degradation test results showed that GTA increased the percentage of weight loss and swelling of the scaffold. The scaffold exhibited a nontoxic profile in MTT assay. GTA with optimum solid content shows great compressive strength, stable swelling profile with low percentage of scaffold's weight loss, and is considered as nontoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moisture transport responses to a series of sericin treated polyester fabric were investigated. The fabric responses include, wetting time of top and bottom layer of fabric, moisture absorption rate of top and bottom layer of fabric, maximum wetted radius top and bottom, spreading speed top and bottom, accumulative one way transport index and overall moisture management capacity. The fabrics were produced with different treatments including plasma treatment. It was observed that all sericin treated fabrics showed an increase in overall moisture management capacity. Thus the criteria for collecting a suitable active sportswear were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research / Revue Canadienne de Recherche Vétérinaire is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) consisting of quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were prepared by a solution casting method. The influence of the concentration of the chemical crosslinker on the properties and performance of AEMs was investigated. Morphology, chemical structures, thermal and mechanical properties of AEMs were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA, and UTM. The performance of AEMs was evaluated by water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity, and OH− conductivity measurement. The tensile strength, water uptake, and OH− conductivity of AEMs were enhanced with the increase of the crosslinker concentration. By introducing 12.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), the QPVA/PDDA AEMs achieved the highest tensile strength, water uptake, and OH− conductivity of 46.21 MPa, 90.6% and 53.09 ms cm−1 at ambient condition, respectively. The investigations show that crosslinked QPVA/PDDA AEMs are a potential candidate for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutaraldehyde cross-linked heterograft tissues, bovine pericardium (BP) or porcine aortic valves, are the leaflet materials in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) used in cardiac surgery for heart valve disease. BHV fail due to structural valve degeneration (SVD), often with calcification. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are post-translational, non-enzymatic reaction products from sugars reducing proteins. AGE are present in SVD-BHV clinical explants and are not detectable in un-implanted BHV. Prior studies modeled BP-AGE formation in vitro with glyoxal, a glucose breakdown product, and serum albumin. However, glucose is the most abundant AGE precursor. Thus, the present studies investigated the hypothesis that BHV susceptibility to glucose related AGE, together with serum proteins, results in deterioration of collagen structure and mechanical properties. In vitro experiments studied AGE formation in BP and porcine collagen sponges (CS) comparing 14C-glucose and 14C-glyoxal with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose incorporation occurred at a significantly lower level than glyoxal (p <0.02). BSA co-incubations demonstrated reduced glyoxal and glucose uptake by both BP and CS. BSA incubation caused a significant increase in BP mass, enhanced by glyoxal co-incubation. Two-photon microscopy of BP showed BSA induced disruption of collagen structure that was more severe with glucose or glyoxal co-incubation. Uniaxial testing of CS demonstrated that glucose or glyoxal together with BSA compared to controls, caused accelerated deterioration of viscoelastic relaxation, and increased stiffness over a 28-day time course. In conclusion, glucose, glyoxal and BSA uniquely contribute to AGE-mediated disruption of heterograft collagen structure and deterioration of mechanical properties. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BSA-copper hybrid nanoflower synthesized by simple one-pot bio-mineralization. • GA cross-linked porous nanoflower capable of immobilizing TB DNA probe. • Redox-free EIS sensing allows TB detection in their natural environment. • TB biosensing enhanced by 3D nanoflower achieved LOD of 60 pM. Recently, non-faradaic electrochemical impedimetric (nfEIS) has been identified as a dynamic and robust method for bio-determining. However, the success of a nfEIS approach largely depends on its sensing layer architecture. In this study, the use of a Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked copper (Cu) – bovine serum albumin (BSA) hybrid nanoflower with three-dimensional nanoporous architecture for the sensing layer was investigated. The nanoflower morphology changes were observed under FESEM, revealing loosely interlaced nanoflower into a tightly interlaced, highly porous structure upon GA crosslinking. This nanoflower was hybridized to immobilize aminated-DNA probe on the transducer surface and detect the target TB DNA in their natural redox-free environment. FTIR and XPS characterization showed distinct peaks at 950–1100 cm−1 (P-O, P=O bonds from nanoflower and DNA backbone) and 286.48 eV (interaction between BSA and aminated DNA), respectively, validating the successful DNA probe immobilization on the nanoflower surface. Furthermore, impedimetric sensing in a redox-free environment showed that the developed TB biosensor present has a detection limit (LOD) of 60 pM with a (linear) range from 1 pM to 1 µM with good reproducibility. This redox-free non-faradaic EIS offers excellent biosensing potential and may be extended for diagnosing other biomarkers in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent surveys have shown widespread lapses in the procedures used to reduce the risk of transmitting infection via medical devices. Transvaginal ultrasound examination has the potential to transmit vaginal infections, including human papillomavirus. Areas of particular concern are the use of probe covers with high rates of leakage, disinfectants that are not effective against human papillomavirus, and coupling gel from multiple-use containers. We reviewed these issues, and we recommend 4 steps to reduce the risk of transmitting infection. First, during every transvaginal ultrasound exam, the probe should be covered with a sterile, single-use "viral barrier" cover or a condom. Second, sterile, single-use ultrasound gel packets should be used. Third, after every examination, the probe should be cleaned to remove any visible gel or debris. Finally, after cleaning, the probe should undergo high-level disinfection using an agent with proven efficacy against the human papillomavirus, including hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, or peracetic acid. Glutaraldehyde, orthophthalaldehyde, phenols, and isopropyl alcohol have virtually no efficacy against the human papillomavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effluent from abattoir industries containing metals ions is known to adversely affect the quality fresh water. Water pollution is a global concern and its effects are difficult to reverse. This study evaluates the efficiency of the use of the shrimp chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde as an adsorbent for the removal of cations in poultry and red meat effluent. The effluent was collected from different abattoirs in the Free State Province in the month of September 2019. Analysis of the physiochemical parameters of both effluent water samples revealed average pH values of between 8.6 and 8.8, electric conductivity (EC) of between 321 and 188 mS / m, turbidity (NTU) values of between 410 and 520, chemical oxygen demand (COD) of between 38 and 259 mg/L and total dissolved solutes (TDS) values of between 1663 and 1813 mg/L. ICP-MS results of both effluent samples showed the presence of alkali (Na and K), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) of less than 10 mg/L and transition elements (Cu, Ni, Fe, Cd, Mn and Zn) of ±5 mg/L. The shrimp chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was first tested on a certified reference material (CRM) to determine the traceability measurement. Results obtained from the CRM revealed an increased adsorption from Sr < K < Mn < Al < Mg < Fe < Na < Ni < Cu < Ca < Cd < Ba < Zn. Analysis of both eluents water from the red and poultry meat effluent samples shows between 55 and 70% of the alkali (Na and K) and alkaline earth metals (Ca and Mg) adsorbed. The obtained t -values (range −1.7 and 3.6) for each elemental analysis were acceptable at 95% confidence interval. Using experimental data new mathematical model were constructed for uptake of Mn, Fe and Zn from abattoir effluent via the adsorbent. For the % PA and % RM, the obtained date show fading memory process with a delay. Whereas CRM, untreated and treated PA and RM sample, a crossover behavior were observed. An exact solution suggested for each model and the decay rate were obtained. Overall stimulations done shows is in good agreement, showing highest removal values for Mn lowest for Zn metal. It was then suggested that, the developed mathematical model was useful for describing the adsorption of the above metals, which could also help in designing the proper way that effluents can be discharge from abattoir industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of heavy metals such as chromium within water sources are considered as one of the most vital problem to the environment. Accumulating of chromium within the human body, can cause various diseases and disorders. Chitosan cross-linked glutaraldehyde adsorbent (formed from the acetyl group of chitin from alkaline solution) is widely a well-known adsorbent fore chromium metal removal present in solution. In the current study, mathematical modelling and the stimulation of thermodynamic parameters were done on crab chitosan cross-linked glutaraldehyde adsorbent for chromium (VI), Cr6+ removal. This was obtained through the prepared dichromate wastewater solution of 0.81 mg/L of Cr6+ per litre of distilled water. Adsorption experiments were also conducted in a bath system and the effect of stirring speed, chitosan cross-linked glutarladehyde dosages, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of Cr6+ were in investigated. The effectiveness of the cross-linked adsorbent at an optimum dosage (0.16 mg/L) for Cr6+) removal, from wastewater solution which was 82.3% of the initial concentration (0.81 mg/L) was found to be 0.8 g at 30 °C. The time required for the latter adsorption process to attain equilibrium was 80 min. For the thermodynamic study of the process of adsorption, properties such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG ads), entropy (ΔS ads) and enthalpy (ΔH ads) values in the temperature ranges from 25 to 65 °C were also calculated in order to characterize the process. The free sorption energy was −47.56 kJ/mol which suggests the process was physical. The enthalpy of adsorption was −18.09 kJ/mol and the Gibbs free energies were all negative, thus the process was spontaneous and exothermic. The observed results in the current study indicated strange behavior that could not be depicted using the classical decay mathematical model. We concluded that only fractional differential operators with different kernels including the exponential decay, the power law and the generalized Mittag-Leffler function could be used to depict such observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A surface ion imprinting polymer (Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS) with core-shell structure was successfully synthesized by using a simple, low-cost fabrication method. • The Fe 3 O 4 magnetic cores with SiO 2 coating not only support the synthesis of copper ion surface imprinting polymer, but also provide a chance for magnetic separation during the process. • The Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS/Nafion/GCE IIP based sensors can possess a wide linear detection range (0.01∼20 μmol L−1), low LOD (5 nmol L−1) and reasonable repeatability for the detection of Copper ions. A surface ion-imprinting polymer (IIP) based on Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS was selected to modify the glassy carbon electrode (Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS/Nafion/GCE), and the sensor exhibits ultrasensitive and highly selective to monitor trace level of Cu (II). SiO 2 was homogeneously coated on the Fe 3 O 4 magnetic core to enhance the resistance in the harsh environment, especially various acids in the real environment. After that, chitosan film, incorporating copper ions as template ions, covered the Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The prepared electrode was used as a working electrode to construct an electrochemical sensor for detecting trace Cu (II) and amplifying the electrochemical signal through the formation of the ion imprinted polymer. The Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS/Nafion/GCE IIP based sensors were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TGA. During the electrochemical measurement, different experimental parameters were optimized, and the sensors exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.01 to 20 μmol L−1) and low limit of detection (5 nmol L−1). Besides that, the sensors also demonstrated highly selective to Cu ion, comparing with other interfering ions. The Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS/Nafion/GCE-IIP based sensor displayed notable reproducibility and the RSD was 3.3%. The sensors based on Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /CS ion imprinted polymer have the potential to monitor other toxic metal ion pollution in harsh environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leather is produced by a multi-step process among which the tanning phase is the most relevant, transforming animal skin collagen into a stable, non-putrescible material used to produce a variety of different goods, for the footwear, automotive, garments, and sports industry. Most of the leather produced today is tanned with chromium (III) salts or alternatively with aldehydes or synthetic tannins, generating high environmental concern. Over the years, high exhaustion tanning systems have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of chromium salts, which nevertheless do not avoid the use of metals. Chrome-free alternatives such as aldehydes and phenol based synthetic tannins, are suffering from Reach restrictions due to their toxicity. Thus, the need for environmentally benign and economically sustainable tanning agents is increasingly urgent. In this review, the synthesis, use and tanning mechanism of a new class of tanning agents, 1,3,5-triazines derivatives, have been reported together with organoleptic, physical mechanical characteristics of tanned leather produced. Additionally environmental performance and economic data available for 1,3,5-triazines have been compared with those of a standard basic chromium sulphate tanning process, evidencing the high potentiality for sustainable, metal, aldehyde, and phenol free leather manufacturing. [Display omitted] • 1,3,5-triazine derivatives are a valid alternative systems to metal, aldehyde, syntan tanning for regulatory restrictions. • 1,3,5-triazine derivatives tanning agents are safer than Chromium and Glutaraldehyde for health and environmental impacts. • 1,3,5-triazines derivatives are a green solution as tanning agents. • Leather tanned by 1,3,5-triazine have Ts up to 90 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since disinfectants are used all over the world to treat illnesses in people and other animals, they pose a major risk to human health. The comprehensive effects of disinfectant treatments on fish liver, especially the impacts on oxidative stress, toxicological effects, transcriptome profiles, and apoptosis, have not yet been fully analyzed. In the current investigation, healthy grass carp were exposed to 80 μg/L glutaraldehyde or 50 μg/L povidone-iodine for 30 days. First, the findings of enzyme activity tests demonstrated that the administration of glutaraldehyde could considerably increase oxidative stress by lowering T-SOD, CAT, and GPx and raising MDA. Furthermore, KEGG research revealed that exposure to glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine stimulated the PPAR signal pathway. To further elucidate the transcriptome results, the relative expressions of related DEGs in the PPAR signal pathway were verified. Glutaraldehyde induced apoptosis in liver tissue of grass carp; however, it activated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes when exposed to glutaraldehyde or povidone-iodine. According to the current study, disinfectants can cause the impairment of the immune system, oxidative stress, and attenuation of the PPAR signal pathway in the liver of grass carp, making them detrimental as dietary supplements for grass carp, particularly in the aquaculture sector. • Glutaraldehyde or povidone-iodine has effects on the immune system of the liver of grass carp. • Povidone-iodine or glutaraldehyde affects the PPAR signalling pathway. • Glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine induce apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Porous magnetic chitosan microspheres (Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM) were prepared via electrostatic droplets technology and chemical crosslinking method. • The Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM showed excellent absorption for Acid Blue. • The Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM showed excellent magnetic separation property. • The Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM showed well reusability. Chitosan is highly suitable for removing dyes from water, however, their sorption performance, stability and recycling are still critical issues in practical applications. In this work, porous magnetic chitosan microspheres were synthesized by electrostatic droplets (ESD) technology combining chemical crosslinking process. To better prepare the Fe 3 O 4 /chitosan hydrogel microspheres during the ESD process, sodium hydroxide was used for solidification of chitosan and the co-precipitation of ferro-gels containing ferrous and ferric cations, and glutaraldehyde was used as a crosslinking agent to fabricate the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded porous chitosan microspheres (Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM). The Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM was characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, and TEM, and the feasibility for the adsorption of dyes by the composite was investigated systematically. The adsorption capacity of Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM for Acid Blue is determined as high as 142 mg g−1, which is comparable to some previous adsorbents. The adsorption isotherm and the adsorption kinetics can be well stimulated by the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Moreover, the regeneration of used Fe 3 O 4 /PCSM is very easy and the recycled materials are efficient for the dyes removal in four cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibacterial dressing prepared by the electrospinning can play a role in protecting the wound, preventing infection and promoting wound healing,and have broad application prospects. Chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended fiber membrane was successfully prepared by electrospinning. The fiber morphology thermal properties and material composition of CS/PVA blended fiber membrane were studied,and the interaction between CS and PVA was analyzed ? and the optimum blend ratio was also determined. Then glutaraldehyde (GA) steam cross-linking of the blended fiber membrane was carried out in order to improve the water resistance of the fiber membrane. At the same time,the effect of different crosslinking time on the water resistance of fiber membrane was investigated. The apparent morphology of the fiber membrane was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) • The results showed that with the increase of spinning solution concentration ? the morphology of the fiber became more and more regular,and the fiber diameter increased gradually. The intermolecular interaction between CS and PVA was found by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal properties ? which improved the spinnability of CS electrospinning. After crosslinking, the water resistance of the fiber membrane was greatly improved,among which the effect of 4 h cross- linking was the best,and the water resistance of the fiber membrane increased by 64.89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Sporicidal surface disinfection is recommended to control transmission of Clostridium difficile in healthcare facilities. EN 17126 provides a method to determine the sporicidal activity in suspension and has been approved as a European standard. In addition, a sporicidal surface test has been proposed.Aim: To determine the interlaboratory reproducibility of a test method for evaluating the susceptibility of a C. difficile spore preparation to a biocidal formulation following the 4-field test (EN 16615 methodology).Methods: Nine laboratories participated. C. difficile NCTC 13366 spores were used. Glutaraldehyde (1% and 6%; 15 min) and peracetic acid (PAA; 0.01% and 0.04%; 15 min) were used to determine the spores' susceptibility in suspension in triplicate.Findings: One-percent glutaraldehyde revealed a mean decimal log10 reduction of 1.03 with variable results in the nine laboratories (0.37-1.49) and a reproducibility of 0.38. The effect of 6% glutaraldehyde was stronger (mean: 2.05; range: 0.96-4.29; reproducibility: 0.86). PAA revealed similar results. An exemplary biocidal formulation based on 5% PAA was used at 0.5% (non-effective concentration) and 4% (effective concentration) to determine the sporicidal efficacy (4-field test) under clean conditions in triplicate with a contact time of 15 min. When used at 0.5% it demonstrated an overall log10 reduction of 2.68 (range: 2.35-3.57) and at 4% of 4.61 (range: 3.82-5.71). The residual contamination on the three primarily uncontaminated test fields was <50 cfu/25 cm2 in one out of nine laboratories (0.5%) and in seven out of nine laboratories (4%).Conclusion: The interlaboratory reproducibility seems to be robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel Schiff base-functionalized silica was prepared without the use of organic amine reagents by one-pot green method. • The adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for rhenium (VII). • It has a good adsorption selectivity for rhenium (VII), especially from the mixed solution containing copper (II), zinc (II), manganese (II) and molybdenum (VI). In the present work, high density active sites (C N– groups) were introduced favorably onto the surface of silica by cross-linking reaction, leading to designing a new adsorbent and applying to the adsorption for Re(VII) from aqueous solutions. The novel adsorbent (SS-0.5h-0.5N-15GA) was characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, FT-IR and XPS etc. The adsorption process fitted well with Langmuir isotherm the kinetic data fitted with pseudo-second order, and the experimental maximum adsorption capacity for Re(VII) was 270.13 mg/g at pH3.0, which was much higher than SS-0.5h-0.5N. Significantly, the reusability experiments demonstrated that SS-0.5h-0.5N-15GA exhibited excellent regeneration ability, with no obvious decline in adsorption capacity after four cycles. These results indicated that SS-0.5h-0.5N-15GA were promising for Re(VII) adsorption because of their higher rhenium adsorption capacity, rapid adsorption rate, low cost, and facile recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]