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The present study emphasize on the characterization and microstructure evaluation of aluminium composite with different weight fraction of constituents. These composites were produced by incorporating titanium carbide and graphite particles in the aluminium matrix through stir casting technique. The composites were characterized by evaluating the micro hardness, density, tensile strength, peak elongation and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests were performed to investigate uniform dispersion of the reinforcement particles in the matrix. It is evident that the addition of reinforcement particles with aluminium matrix yielded an increase in micro hardness and density by 62.82% and 7.05% respectively when compared to matrix. Tensile tests exposed that there was improvement in ultimate strength from 170 to 239.11 MPa while the elongation was dropped to 7.1%. The microscopic study of the specimen explored the plastic deformation through existence of dimples, ridges in the wrecked surfaces.

In recent years, the natural fiber (NF) reinforced composites have become popular as substitute material for conventional metals and alloys in a range of structural applications. The aim of this experiment is to utilize the waste of both Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) bark and Jute fabric in valuable applications for the first time. The influence of fabric stacking patterns on the mechanical characteristics (ductile, flexural, hardness and impact) and thermal stability of fabric Jute/PJ bark powder reinforced hybrid composites in the epoxy matrix is investigated in this task. The compression moulding method is used to create composite laminates of same widths that are layered in various combinations of 5%, 10% and 15% weight of PJ bark powder. The prepared reinforced test samples characteristics of tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness characteristics are experimentally investigated. The outcomes revealed an inclusion of 15 wt% of PJ bark powder reveals positive effect on tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and thermal characteristics. These composites have a diverse range of applications, including industries, automobile and civil applications.

Natural fiber composites have garnered considerable interest in recent years as sustainable substitutes for synthetic materials, owing to their environmental advantages, including renewability, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. Notwithstanding these benefits, there is a vital need to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics of these composites for applications involving significant wear. This work used compression molding to make hybrid composites with natural fibers (NFs) and nano silicon dioxide (nSiO2) filler. The matrix material was epoxy, and the natural reinforcements were Enset ventricosum (EV) and Terminalia arjuna (TA) fibers. Tensile (TS), flexural (FS), and impact (IS) characteristics improved using 1:1 SiO2filler and EV/TA fiber reinforcement. The combination of 6 wt% SiO2and 45 wt% EV/TA improved mechanical performance. A high SiO2filler (6 wt%) in polymer-based composites decreased Specific Wear Rate (SWR), according to Taguchi optimization. A better fiber-matrix interaction improves the mechanical characteristics of materials with fillers. This study optimized several responses using the new combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method. Multi-criteria decision making is used here. This study introduces Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) to determine objective criteria weights. Conclusions from experiments show ideal results. CoCoSo's optimization study showed that Enset ventricosum and Terminalia arjuna fiber (EV/TA) hybridization affected composites' tribological behavior.This hybrid fiber combination carried the most influence, followed by fillers. The optimal results were obtained with 6 wt% SiO2/25 wt% EV/TA Hybrid fiber, 1000 m Sliding distance (SD), 2 m/s Sliding speed (SS), and 10 N axial load (AL).

The utilization of natural fibers and fillers in composite materials has gained significant attention for their potential to enhance mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties while promoting sustainability. In this study, Prosopis juliflorafiber (PJF) reinforced epoxy composites, treated with silane and incorporating Syzygium cuminifiller (SCF), were investigated to assess their performance across various parameters. The composites were subjected to comprehensive mechanical, tribological, thermo-gravimetric, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 3D profilometer, and morphology studies to elucidate the effects of silane treatment and SCF content on composite properties. The results of the mechanical characterization revealed significant improvements in tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness in silane-treated composites with higher SCF content compared to untreated samples and those with lower SCF content. Specifically, the ST/SCF3 composite exhibited the highest values, with a tensile strength of 118.65 ± 4.63 MPa, impact strength of 27.83 ± 1.96 kJ/m2, and microhardness of 91.63 ± 2.84 HV. Tribological analysis indicated enhanced wear resistance and reduced coefficient of friction in silane-treated composites with higher SCF content, with the ST/SCF3 composite demonstrating the lowest wear loss (62 μm) and frictional force (5.2 N). Thermal characterization revealed improved thermal stability in silane-treated composites, particularly in the ST/SCF1 and ST/SCF3 formulations, suggesting increased resistance to temperature-induced degradation.

The development of sustainability in industry has made it imperative to utilize waste and accessible natural resources properly. Our goal is to transform the naturally occurring resources, tamarind seed powder (TSP), eelgrass (EG), and adamant creeper (AC), into goods that are beneficial to society. In this study, different weight proportions of alkali-treated AC, EG, and TSP were combined to make hybrid natural fiber (NF) composite materials using the hand layup process. The material strength of the alkali treated (15% AC, 20% EG, and 15% TSP) composite sample was attained 211 MPa, 278 MPa, 21.7 J/m2, and 84.6 for tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness in that sequence. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and mechanical loss factor were measured and plotted against temperature in a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiment. All composites had higher storage and loss moduli and a lower mechanical loss factor, indicating more elastic properties. The findings demonstrated that adding fiber-filled TSP fillers tended to make the epoxy matrix more viscoelastic stiffness. As the weight percentage of fibers in the composite increases, discernible changes in the structural damping capacity have also been noticed. The thermal characteristics of composites were inspected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the TGA outcomes substantiated that the thermal constancy of a 20% EG-reinforced composite was good. The mechanical, dynamic, and thermal qualities of this composite material will yield significant benefits for the industrial sector.

Shape memory and super elasticity are two outstanding properties of Cu–Al–Mn SMAs together with additional copper-based shape memory alloys that make them superior to NiTi alloys. It's quite hard to machine Cu–Al–Mn SMA. The machinability properties of Cu–Al–Mn SMAs during Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) were experimentally investigated using molybdenum wire as the electrode material. Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) are two machining qualities that are studied in relation to the combinational values of pulse time (Ton), pause time (Toff), and peak current (Ip), which are selected as the changeable input process factors. From the experimental investigation, it was found that both MRR and Ra values were increased with an increase in pulse on time(Ton), pulse off time(Toff), and peak current (IP)values. Because the wire electrode contains maximum current under these conditions, it is easy to remove more material at the tool and work material interface, resulting in moderate surface finish. Surface quality was higher on samples machined at low energy input than it was on samples machined at high energy input. This SEM micrograph clearly shows that a lower pulse on time produces a superior surface quality.SEM images and the analysis of the machined surface morphology on the surface of the CAM7 alloy clearly showed that the machined surface of the alloy had a lower surface roughness value at a lower Ip-2A and was associated with a higher surface roughness value at a higher Ip-6A, as well as a lot of uncleared debris and blow holes.

The ceramic particle reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) lead to a reduction in ductility due to the restricted plastic flow of the matrix. The present work shows an enhancement in tensile properties without considerable loss in ductility by introducing MgAl2O4(∼100 nm) nanoparticles into Al–2Mg–1Si via ultrasonic cavitation treatment (UCT). The microstructural analysis was carried out using polarized light microscope, SEM/EDS and TEM. MgAl2O4nanoparticles were distributed uniformly in Al–2Mg–1Si matrix by UCT. The addition of MgAl2O4nanoparticles significantly refined the grain size and enhanced the tensile strength while retaining the ductility of the nanocomposite. Fractography examination of the tensile tested samples revealed a ductile fracture for Al–2Mg–1Si matrix alloy and a brittle fracture for MgAl2O4reinforced composites. This difference in fracture behavior is attributed to the cleavage texture present on the fractured surfaces of MgAl2O4nanocomposites. The wear resistance is significantly increased by adding in-situ MgAl2O4nanocomposites. Plastic delamination and adhesive wear are the main mechanisms, according to analysis of the worn surface.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) panel glass with higher silica content has a potential to be used as reinforcement material in magnesium matrix composites. The present study aims to formulate a wear resistant magnesium hybrid composite by reinforcing silica rich E-waste CRT panel glass powder (0, 10 and 20 wt. %) and boron nitride (0, 2 and 4 wt. %) solid lubricant processed through powder metallurgy route. Composition of the CRT panel glass powder is identified through EDS and XRD analysis is performed for both base material and reinforcements. The developed green MMC shows increased hardness (∼53 %), porosity (∼7 %) and density (∼7 %) with respect to addition of CRT reinforcement. Porosity of hybrid composite increased vastly to 9.2 % when the CRT and BN content are increased to 20 % and 4 % respectively. A slight increment in (10 %) hardness is observed for 2 % addition of BN with Mg and Mg/CRT composite whereas hardness of the Mg and Mg/CRT MMC decreases with further addition of BN. The wear resistance of the composite enhanced with raise in CRT and BN content whereas the co efficient of friction decreases with increases in BN percentage. Corrosion behaviour of Mg is also analysed and found enhanced with reinforcement addition. It is identified from the results that the addition of CRT% up to 10 % yields significant results whereas further increase in CRT % to 20 provides only minor enhancements in properties. Further, it is suggested to restrict the addition of BN to 2 %.

Background:Two major avoidable reasons for adverse events in hospital are medication errors and intravenous therapy-induced infections or complications. Training for clinical staff and compliance to patient safety principles could address these.Methods:Joint Commission International (JCI) consultants created a standardised, 6-month training programme for clinical staff in hospitals. Twenty-one tertiary care hospitals from across south-east Asia took part. JCI trained the clinical consultants, who trained hospital safety champions, who trained nursing staff. Compliance and knowledge were assessed, and monthly audits were conducted.Results:There was an overall increase of 29% in compliance with parameters around medication preparation and vascular access device management.Conclusion:The programme improved safe practice around preparing medications management and managing vascular access devices. The approach could be employed as a continuous quality improvement initiative for the prevention of medication errors and infusion-associated complications.

By applying heat to the feedstock during the thermal treatment of biomass for the production of biogas, the organic material's biodegradability can be greatly increased. Biogas production is a huge research area for alternate energy production technology. Increased biodegradability, improved methane yield, pathogen, and weed seed destruction, and overall process efficiency are all benefits of this type of pretreatment. It is a useful pretreatment technique for maximizing the production of biogas because it can decrease inhibitory compounds, and increase the digestibility of biomass. This work focused on increasing the efficiency of biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass of pigeon pea stalks by a novel thermal pretreatment. The pigeon pea stalk is initially imposed to physical pretreatment (PT) by an automatic hammer mill which is considered as a base for comparing performance. Thermal pretreatment was carried out for one hour, and two hours durations at different temperatures like 100 °C, 125 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C, and 200 °C. Compared to physically pretreated pigeon pea stalks, 200ᴼC thermal pretreated pigeon pea stalks for two hours have produced 88.41 % higher biogas, 16.14 % increase of cellulose, 19.9 % higher volatile solid removal, and 3.94 % lesser lignin. The enhanced chemical characteristics were ensured by analyzing the chemical composition variations through the FTIR, XRD, and SEM images. So, this is recommended for enhanced biogas production.

This study investigated the performance and durability of high-mechanical-milling nano-pulverized industrial reject supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The research utilized industrial reject (IR-1), specifically Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS), as the SCM. As-received IR-1 GBFS was milled for 90 minutes to achieve nano-sized particles, and its properties were compared with the un-milled, or before-milled (BM) material. Three pozzolanicity tests were conducted to compare the before milled (BM) and after-milled (AM) materials. Additionally, M30 grade concrete mixes were developed with cement partially replaced by 30 %, 35 %, and 40 % using both BM and AM IR-1 materials. Mechanical performance, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength, along with durability tests such as water absorption, sorptivity, and rapid chloride penetration, were conducted for the BM and AM IR-1 blended concretes. The results showed that AM IR-1 blended concrete achieved the required design strength at a 30 % cement replacement level. Furthermore, the AM IR-1 blended concrete exhibited 40 % higher compressive strength, 39 % higher flexural strength, and 29 % higher split tensile strength compared to the control concrete. Durability testing also revealed significant improvements in AM IR-1 blended concrete, with reductions of 19.65 % in water absorption, 24.71 % in sorptivity, and 38 % in chloride penetration. This study demonstrates that industrial waste, such as GBFS, can be effectively utilized as a sustainable alternative to traditional materials in the construction industry. Additionally, nano-pulverization treatment significantly enhances the pozzolanicity and overall performance of materials that may not meet the physicochemical standards specified in IS 3812-(Part 1):2017 and ASTM C618–19.

•This study aims to get insights into the overall consumer opinion of electric vehicles and the obstacles that hinder their broad adoption.•This study seeks to uncover and comprehend the elements associated with consumer purchases through theme analysis, which offers a broader spectrum of expression compared to conventional survey methods.•The study also considers the influence of emotions, a factor that is often disregarded.•A unique aspect of this study is using electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) as a primary data source, highlighting the study's relevance to the digital age.•This study further furnishes us with insights into the interconnections among these obstacles, which engender a detrimental cascade impact on the total adoption rate.

This piece of research investigates the performance of biodiesel in terms of combustion, consumption, and emission produced from tamarind seeds through the transesterification process. The tamarind seeds are a sustainable source. To enhance engine performance, the three different oxide nanoparticles of Alumina oxide (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2), and magnesium oxide (MgO) were blended as additives with the base fuel. The experiments were done over four blends, namely Diesel (D), tamarind seed oil 20 % diesel 80 % (D80TSOB20), TSO20 with Al2O3nanoparticles (D80TSOB20A), TSO20 with SiO2nanoparticles (D80TSOB20S), and TSO25 with MgO nanoparticles (D80TSOB20M). The nanoparticles were blended with fuel by ultrasonication process. and the stability was ensured through measure of Zeta-potential values of nano-fuels (Nanofluid). The fitness of fuel was ensured through characterization of them (including standard fuel of pure diesel). The different fuel blends were tested in a single-cylinder, direct-injection, 4-stroke diesel engine at a constant speed of 1600 rpm with different load conditions like 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %. The combustion performance, fuel consumption, and emission levels of the different fuel blends were derived from the experimental observations. Experimental results show that a higher HRR and cylinder pressure were reported as 75 J/deg and 77 bar for the D80TSOB20A nanofuel than other fuels tested. Similarly, a higher BTE of 32 % was recorded at full load conditions for the same D80TSOB20A nano-fuel blend, which is a better BTE value than Diesel. Increases the BTE value (all fuels) due to higher fuel rates at higher loads for obtaining higher power. Furthermore, the engine's CO, UHC, NOX, and smoke capacity using tamarind seed oil biodiesel with Al2O3nanoparticles gives a lesser value than other fuel blends.

Due to their excellent mechanical features, concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are usually employed in high-rise constructions; it is also significant to consider fire safety while designing buildings. The fire-resistance performance of fibre-reinforced CFST columns is superior to that of unreinforced CFST columns under identical conditions. The post-peak behavior of CFST columns can be enhanced by incorporating fibres to reduce the brittleness of concrete. The research on this topic is limited and considerable research gaps are available in the literature. This research examines the structural performance of steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) filled steel tubes exposed to ambient and elevated temperatures. For this purpose, fourteen CFST columns were investigated and separated into two groups. The first group of CFST columns was filled with three diverse grades of conventional concrete with and without fibres, which was subjected to ambient temperature. The second group is identical to the first group except all columns are exposed to a temperature of 1050 ℃. The parameters examined were the mechanical properties of concrete, load-carrying capacity, load-deflection response, axial load, and axial strain and ductility ratio. Furthermore, using different codes, a comparison was made for the column's empirically determined load-carrying capacity with the theoretical value. Besides, the morphological characteristics of concrete were examined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The findings show that the SFRC-filled column has superior structural qualities when subjected to elevated temperatures. At high temperatures, calcium hydroxide decomposes, and the steel tube yields, causing the column to fail by premature local bucking.

Nanorefrigerant are used extensively in refrigeration applications due to their improved heat transfer properties. It requires a working fluid with high heat transfer coefficients to achieve maximum thermal performance. In the present work, a mixture of R600a-CuO nanorefrigerant is used as a working fluid for a direct cooled refrigerator. The heat transfer rate is increased by 83 % using R600a-CuO instead of a pure refrigerant. The objectiev is to test the performance as per Indian Standards of a direct cooled refrigeration system using nanorefrigerant R600a-CuO. The system is tested with pure R600a and CuO nanoparticles; at two concentrations (0.04 g and 0.08 g). Nanoparticles improve results from thermal performance concerns than a pure refrigerant, and the saving is higher at higher ambient temperatures. The energy consumption is reduced by 4 % and 8.2 %, with lower concentrations at 27 °C and 38 °C, respectively. The pulldown time is also significantly reduced. The highest pull-down reduction reductions and energy consumptions are 13.18 % and 12.89 % with 0.08 g nanoparticles and at 38 °C ambient temperature. The system functions efficiently with the modified medium.

Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is a common invasive procedure performed during hospitalization. The present study reports results from a survey of 543 patients who have had PIVC insertion during their hospital stay in Singapore and the Philippines during the period between November 2018 and February 2019. The survey assessed the importance of 5 domains of patient-centered care on patient satisfaction with their hospitalization experience, including pain management, infection prevention, health care provider competence with vascular access, physical comfort, and effectiveness of communication during vascular access management. Health care provider competence, infection prevention, and pain management ranked as the most important determinants of patient satisfaction. Patients were more likely to lose their trust in health care providers and express anxiety if they experienced multiple needle insertion attempts or PIVC-related complications, whereas patients who were satisfied with their PIVC insertion were more likely to express satisfaction with their overall hospital stay. Improving vascular access management with a focus on enhancing vascular access skills, infection prevention, and pain management may improve patient satisfaction.

Brain cancer treatment options vary in many ways and include surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The neurosurgeons typically uses 2-D MRI images for preoperative planning and execution of surgery. The determination of the size of the tumor and its exact location is of utmost necessity for planning the safe surgery so that the normal brain tissues should not be harmed. If this information is available before the surgery, the problems could be minimized. 3-D printing of tumors extracted from medical images also had an inbuilt problem of STL error. The surface models obtained from the software are not 3-D printing ready and have multiple errors such as holes, the inverted orientation of triangles, shells, and border edges. Because of such errors in the STL mesh, faulty or erroneous 3-D printed parts get produced. If such parts are used by the neurosurgeons for preoperative planning of surgery the normal healthy tissues of the brain could permanently get damaged and will harm the normal functioning of the patient and in the worst-case scenario could be life-threatening to the patient. To avoid such problems an attempt has been made in the present study. Medical imaging (MRI) datasets of brain tumors are used to create 3-D printed brain tumors. For extracting the tumor from images an open-source software, 3-D slicer has been used. The surface models directly obtained from the 3-D slicer are then optimized for errors in Autodesk NetFabb software. The surface models before and after optimization are 3-D printed using Makerbot Replicator 3-D printer and are compared. The comparison showed that the physical models directly printed from the surface models obtained from 3-D slicer are missing important information regarding tumor exact size and shape. The optimized surface models obtained from Autodesk Netfabb are having refined mesh with STL errors minimized and thus the physical models printed from these surface models are more accurate and are preserving the exact shape and size of the tumor.

Since Doxil's first clinical approval in 1995, lipid nanoparticles have garnered great interest and shown exceptional therapeutic efficacy. It is clear from the licensure of two RNA treatments and the mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination that lipid nanoparticles have immense potential for delivering nucleic acids. The review begins with a list of lipid nanoparticle types, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Then it moves on to the earliest lipid nanoparticle forms, outlining how lipid is used in a variety of industries and how it is used as a versatile nanocarrier platform. Lipid nanoparticles must then be functionally modified. Various approaches have been proposed for the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles, such as High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH), microemulsion methods, solvent-based emulsification techniques, solvent injection, phase reversal, and membrane contractors. High-pressure homogenization is the most commonly used method. All of the methods listed above follow four basic steps, as depicted in the flowchart below. Out of these four steps, the process of dispersing lipids in an aqueous medium to produce liposomes is the most unpredictable step. A short outline of the characterization of lipid nanoparticles follows discussions of applications for the trapping and transporting of various small molecules. It highlights the use of rapamycin-coated lipid nanoparticles in glioblastoma and how lipid nanoparticles function as a conjugator in the delivery of anticancer-targeting nucleic acids. High biocompatibility, ease of production, scalability, non-toxicity, and tailored distribution are just a meager of the enticing allowances of using lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Due to the present constraints in drug delivery, more research is required to utterly realize the potential of lipid nanoparticles for possible clinical and therapeutic purposes.

Aluminium alloys are gaining popularity in a diversity of engineering applications because of their extraordinary features such as strength, resistance to oxidation, and so on. AA5052 (Al-Mg series) is generally used in antirust uses, particularly in desalination related activities, due to its better resistance to corrosion in marine applications at temperature ranges up to 125°C, lower cost, better heat-carrying capacity, and nontoxicity of its corrosion components. Drilling is one of the most commonly adopted material removal processes that is adopted in numerous engineering uses. Taguchi’s technique is engaged to arrange and examine the tests, by treating the drilling diameter and speed and as independent process factors. The studies were carried out using an L27 orthogonal array. Material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and form/orientation error are deemed as output characteristics. Taguchi’s analysis was engaged to discover the best process factors. ANOVA is used to examine the influence of process variables. Suitable application of artificial intelligence tools for making effective decision assists the manufacturer in accomplishing the benefits in numerous engineering domains. To obtain the maximum material removal and minimum roughness, circularity (circ), and perpendicularity errors (perp), the process variables have been optimized with the help of grey-ANFIS-amalgamated with Jaya algorithm. The multiperformance index was developed using grey theory. Statistical error analysis is used to estimate the performance of the established optimization model. Based on the investigative outcomes, the best-suited process variable combinations will be used to provide improved and enhanced multiperformance characteristics.

The utilization of TiB2particle reinforcement in aluminium matrix composites, particularly with Al6063, has been explored in this study for its resilience to mechanical erosion, low oxidation rate, and excellent heat conductivity. The composite was produced using stir casting with 9 wt% TiB2. The investigation focuses on wear behaviour, examining three key process parameters such as load, sliding speed, and covering sliding distance across four settings to identify the optimal combination for achieving a favourable wear rate. Statistical analysis of variance reveals significant differences among the tested parameters. Conclusively, the study highlights the superiority of the grey-fuzzy approach over a simple grey relational grade in validating decision-making for wear performance attributes. The research identifies the ost significant grey relational grade and grey fuzzy grade values as 0.913 and 0.902, respectively. These values correspond to optimal operating conditions, specifically a 15 N load, a sliding speed of 15 m/s, and a sliding distance of 1200 m. The findings underscore the efficacy of the grey-fuzzy technique in authenticating decision-making processes related to wear performance characteristics, emphasizing its superiority over relying solely on a plain grey relational grade.

Sustainable Energy device's efficiency enhancement by utilizing the waste of tobacco is focused on this research. The carbon nanoparticles derived from the waste of tobacco through a novel approach. The produced Carbon nanoparticles were used to improve the efficiency of sustainable solar collectors in the form of nanofluid. When it comes to improving thermal performance, using nanofluids in evacuated tube collectors (ETSC) is the best option because of the improved thermo-physical characteristics of the working fluid. In this investigation, Syltherm oil was preferred for base fluid to prepare nanofluids with the concentrations of Carbon nanoparticles 0.05 vol%, 0.1 vol%, and 0.2 vol%. Additionally, a spiral coil heat exchanger was introduced to facilitate heat transfer between the nanofluid and water for heating applications. Results indicate that Syltherm/0.2% carbon nanofluid exhibits higher thermal performance compared to neat Syltherm oil and other nanofluids. Notably, Syltherm/0.2% carbon nanofluid demonstrated an average peak heat acquisition of 769.1 W and the lowest heat loss of 156.7 W. Furthermore, the thermal and exergy efficiencies are measured at 68.2% and 42.5%, respectively. These findings suggested that higher concentrations of carbon nanoparticles lead to increased heat transfer rate and improved efficiency compared to low-concentrated Nanofluids in the ETSC system.

Flood management is an extremely essential consequence in the world; closing conditions of reservoir largely affect the water release decision to control flood downstream. This paper focuses on the mapping of entire reservoir operation scenario using 19 assorted independent variables and further does include with predictive analytics for five dependent variables. Multivariate regression analysis is used in coordination with cross-checking of data sets using various statistical measures. 2295 sample reading of reservoir operation is considered to formulate mathematical models, and its statistical interpretation is also presented. Overall, five mathematical models are presented; all models fitted well with coefficient of correlation in the range of 0.946–0.967. Most influential (Sensitive) variables are sought out from the mathematical models to formulate future strategy of flood management.