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In den Handlungsfeldern der Sozialen Arbeit in Deutschland lassen sich vielerorts Beispiele dafür finden, wie extrem rechte Akteure versuchen, Einfluss auf die Soziale Arbeit zu nehmen. Dass es sich dabei um gezielte und strategisch angelegte Einflussnahmen handelt, belegen zwei empirische Studien, die zwischen 2019 und 2021 in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern durchgeführt wurden. Sie legen systematische Erkenntnisse zu den extrem rechten Einflussnahmen in der Sozialen Arbeit vor. Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in Forschungskontexte und Design der vorliegenden zwei Studien. Anschließend werden ausgewählte Befunde aus beiden Bundesländern vorgestellt; sie geben Aufschluss über die Formen extrem rechter Einflussnahmen in der Sozialen Arbeit und über die Bedingungen, die diese Einflussnahmen begünstigen.

Anhand der Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Handlungsfähigkeit junger Erwerbsloser in den wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Regimen von Deutschland und Spanien geht der Artikel der Frage nach, wie und mit welchen Ergebnissen sozialpolitische Regimeforschung und akteur*innenbasierte Forschungsansätze kombiniert werden können. Dabei werden zunächst zentrale Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktentwicklung und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen beider Regime verglichen. Anschließend werden Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Untersuchung junger Erwerbsloser in beiden Ländern anhand von ausgewählten Bewältigungsweisen vorgestellt, bevor Charakteristika der Regime aus akteur*innenbasierter Perspektive erörtert und Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden. This article looks at ways of how unemployed young adults gain agency in the welfare capitalist regimes of Spain and Germany and explores the question how findings of socio-political regime research can be combined with actor-based approaches, and what outcomes such a combination will yield. In a first step major aspects of job market development and the institutional framework of the two regimes are compared. Then we present the findings of a qualitative study of the courses of action young unemployed people can take based on selected modes of agency and move on to explain the characteristics of the welfare capitalist regimes from an actor-based perspective. Finally, conclusions resulting from this analysis will be drawn.

The Melanophila acuminatabeetle is attracted to forest fires via a pair of infrared sensory organs composed of sensilla. Our histological work showed that each sensillum contains lipid layers surrounding a protein layer and a unique polysaccharide base that is associated with a neuron to each sensillum. Infrared microscopy showed that the protein region maximally absorbs infrared radiation at 3 μm wavelength and at 10 μm, which corresponds to the known radiation produced by forest fires at 3 μm. Mathematical calculations showed that the physical properties of the sensilla are such that the expected temperature rise is insufficient for transduction of the infrared signal through mechanical means or as a thermal receptor as previously thought; hence the protein plays the pivotal role in perception of single photons and transmission of the signal within the sensilla.

It is observed that during divergent evolution of two proteins with a common phylogenetic origin, the structural similarity of their backbones is often preserved even when the sequence similarity between them decreases to a virtually undetectable level. Here we analyzed, whether the conservation of structure along evolution involves also the local atomic structures in the interfaces between secondary structural elements. We have used as study case one protein family, the proteasomal subunits, for which 17 crystal structures are known. These include 14 different subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 subunits of Thermoplasma acidophilumand one subunit of Escherichia coli. The structural core of the 17 proteasomal subunits has 23 secondary structural elements. Any two adjacent secondary structural elements form a molecular interface consisting of two molecular patches. We found 61 interfaces that occurred in all 17 subunits. The 3D shape of equivalent molecular patches from different proteasomal subunits were compared by superposition. Our results demonstrate that pairs of equivalent molecular patches show an RMSD which is lower than that of randomly chosen patches from unrelated proteins. This is true even when patch comparisons with identical residues were excluded from the analysis. Furthermore it is known that the sequential dissimilarity is correlated to the RMSD between the backbones of the members of protein families. The question arises whether this is also true for local atomic structures. The results show that the correlation of individual patch RMSD values and local sequence dissimilarities is low and has a wide range from 0 to 0.41, however, it is surprising that there is a good correlation between the average RMSD of all corresponding patches and the global sequence dissimilarity. This average patch RMSD correlates slightly stronger than the Cα-trace RMSD to the global sequence dissimilarity.

Summary A theoretical and practical approach to economize the analysis of large DNA sample numbers for identifying heterozygosity of the ΔF508 mutation causing cystic fibrosis is presented. Sample pooling can reduce the number of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for this mutation by up to 77%. Based on a mathematical model, the optimal number (n) of samples to be united in one pool is 24 for a German population with a ΔF508 heterozygosity incidence of about 1/35. We show that the PCR method is sufficient to detect one heterozygote for the ΔF508 mutation in a pool of up to 49 non-delated DNA samples.

Motivation: The increasing use of customized oligo-DNA-microarrays has created a demand for convenient design of oligo nucleotides. The oligo-nucleotides have to serve as specific templates in the hybridization reaction. Results: We have devised a web-based system for interactive design of suitable oligos for transcription profiling experiments with user-defined parameters. Oligodb is based on predicted human gene transcripts from the ENSEMBL project. The web interface allows the user to retrieve oligos for human transcripts in a flexible manner. Criteria for selecting the oligos are low similarity to all other known human genes, the absence of stable secondary structures, the length of the oligo, and the absence of low complexity regions. Furthermore, the user may select oligos corresponding to the desired position in the 5’–3’ direction of the transcript, and based on the melting temperature. All data and results are tightly web-linked to the corresponding data entries of ENSEMBL project. Availability: The working Oligodb system is to be found at http://oligodb.charite.deContact: ralf.mrowka@charite.de

The increasing use of customized oligo-DNA-microarrays has created a demand for convenient design of oligo nucleotides. The oligo-nucleotides have to serve as specific templates in the hybridization reaction.

Summary: The Structural Alignment Program STRAP is a comfortable comprehensive editor and analyzing tool for protein alignments. A wide range of functions related to protein sequences and protein structures are accessible with an intuitive graphical interface. Recent features include mapping of mutations and polymorphisms onto structures and production of high quality figures for publication. Here we address the general problem of multi-purpose program packages to keep up with the rapid development of bioinformatical methods and the demand for specific program functions. STRAP was remade implementing a novel design which aims at Keeping Interfaces in STRAP Simple (KISS). KISS renders STRAP extendable to bio-scientists as well as to bio-informaticians. Scientists with basic computer skills are capable of implementing statistical methods or embedding existing bioinformatical tools in STRAP themselves. For bio-informaticians STRAP may serve as an environment for rapid prototyping and testing of complex algorithms such as automatic alignment algorithms or phylogenetic methods. Further, STRAP can be applied as an interactive web applet to present data related to a particular protein family and as a teaching tool. Requirements: JAVA-1.4 or higher. Availability: http://www.charite.de/bioinf/strap/

Motivation: The Dictionary of Interfaces in Proteins (DIP) is a database collecting the 3D structure of interacting parts of proteins that are called patches. It serves as a repository, in which patches similar to given query patches can be found. The computation of the similarity of two patches is time consuming and traversing the entire DIP requires some hours. In this work we address the question of how the patches similar to a given query can be identified by scanning only a small part of DIP. The answer to this question requires the investigation of the distribution of the similarity of patches. Results: The score values describing the similarity of two patches can roughly be divided into three ranges that correspond to different levels of spatial similarity. Interestingly, the two iso-score lines separating the three classes can be determined by two different approaches. Applying a concept of the theory of random graphs reveals significant structural properties of the data in DIP. These can be used to accelerate scanning the DIP for patches similar to a given query. Searches for very similar patches could be accelerated by a factor of more than 25. Patches with a medium similarity could be found 10 times faster than by brute-force search.