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Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Region formation in India has until now been understood through homogenising models of state formation. The reorganisation of various Indian states and the emergence of newer regions in the post-independence scenario have generally been seen through asserting regional aspirations and/or the question of language. The formation of Himachal Pradesh, however, presents a complex story. Markers of homogenous identity and language were missing in Himachal Pradesh. Further, despite apprehensions about the Akali demand for a Punjabi Suba, the central government systematically encouraged the formation of Himachal Pradesh as a separate hill state. In 1966, the hilly areas of Punjab and the Part-C state of Himachal were joined and reconstituted as Himachal Pradesh, though formal statehood continued to elude the region until 1971. Despite a complicated distribution of languages, Hindi was declared the state language of the new region. Territoriality, in this case, emerged as a result of region formation that was not shaped solely by linguistic or cultural considerations but by the imagination of geography and marginality. The process of region formation also centres various debates on development in the region, which remained a neglected periphery of the Punjab plains. This paper shall explore these varying intriguing processes of region formation in Himachal Pradesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Spatial epidemiology has emerged as an important subfield of epidemiology over the past quarter century. We trace the origins of spatial epidemiology and note that its emergence coincided with technological developments in spatial statistics and geography. We hypothesize that spatial epidemiology makes important contributions to descriptive epidemiology and analytic risk-factor studies but is not yet aligned with epidemiology’s current focus on causal inference and intervention. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PubMed that used the term “spatial epidemiolog*” in the title, abstract, or keywords. Excluded articles were not written in English, examined disease in animals, or reported biologic pathogen distribution only. We coded the included papers into five categories (review, demonstration of method, descriptive, analytic, and intervention) and recorded the unit of analysis (i.e., individual vs. ecological). We additionally examined articles coded as analytic ecologic studies using scales for lexical content. Results: A total of 482 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 76 reviews, 117 demonstrations of methods, 122 descriptive studies, 167 analytic studies, and 0 intervention studies. Demonstration studies were most common from 2006 to 2014, and analytic studies were most common after 2015. Among the analytic ecologic studies, those published in later years used more terms relevant to spatial statistics (incidence rate ratio =1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) and causal inference (incidence rate ratio =1.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2). Conclusions: Spatial epidemiology is an important and growing subfield of epidemiology. We suggest a re-orientation to help align its practice with the goals of contemporary epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the potential opportunities and challenges of using the Community as Classroom strategy in learning Geography from the perspectives of 264 Bhutanese middle secondary school students. Guided by mixed-method design, survey questionnaires and focus group interviews were used to collect the data. Thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data, whereas quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. The findings from both the quantitative and qualitative data revealed that there were various opportunities for incorporating the CAC strategy in the Geography curriculum such as learning through the CAC strategy was engaging, experiential, and provided practical knowledge. Moreover, participants believed that it connected them with their communities, enriched their experiences, and enhanced learning outcomes. This approach was seen as authentic and relevant, allowing students to witness the practical application of academic content in their communities. However, both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that there were certain challenges in using the CAC strategy, including time constraints, large class sizes, transportation costs, diverse student behaviour, and cultural differences. This study concludes with implications and recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's global economy, clusters have emerged as crucial drivers of regional economic development and competitiveness. This article presents a comprehensive literature review that sheds light on the factors that influence the competitiveness of clusters. Drawing upon a broad range of scholarly sources across various fields, including economics, geography, and management, we synthesize existing research to identify and analyze the key determinants that shape cluster competitiveness. The review highlights the importance of several factors such as industry specialization, knowledge spillovers, innovation networks, infrastructure, and institutional support in enhancing the competitive performance of clusters. Furthermore, the paper critically examines the methodological approaches employed in studying cluster competitiveness, providing valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. By analyzing and evaluating the literature, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of cluster competitiveness. Therefore, the research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on this important subject and underscores the significance of clusters in shaping regional economic development and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Ralph Vaughan Williams' first symphony, 'A Sea Symphony', from 1912, in the context of the British contemporary relationship to the sea as of defining national importance. It specifically looks for ways in which the symphony engages with narratives around the sea as a national landscape and a nationally defining geography. The article's aim is to situate the symphonic output and text in a nationally embedded, articulated and traceable discourse around the seascape, and interrogate the ways in which it relates to and contributes to such discourse. It finds that the music resonates against historical, cultural and political engagements with the seascape, and puts forward ways in which these engagements can be heard through textures, expression and sonorities, as well as being seen in inspirations and interpretations of the relational sea-scape and its geographical situatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the asymmetric effects of international and domestic tourism on economic complexity worldwide. Despite the significant contributions of international and domestic tourism to a country's economic activities, their potential impacts on economic complexity remain underexplored in the literature. Using the Dynamic Fixed Effects Autoregressive Distributed Lag (DFE ARDL) model, this research estimates the short- and long-term effects of domestic and international tourism on economic complexity for 123 economies from 1995 to 2018. The empirical analysis reveals that domestic tourism spending has an insignificant negative impact on economic complexity in the short term. However, in the long run, it exerts a significant positive effect, suggesting that domestic tourism could be a powerful driver of the long-term geography of economic activities. In contrast, international tourism contributes to economic complexity in the short term, but its long-term impact is less significant. These findings affirm the instrumental role of tourism development in enhancing economic complexity and underscore the importance of a balanced approach to tourism development, considering its short‐ and long‐term effects on economic complexity. The study contributes to the literature by providing the first evidence of a connection between the tourism industry and economic complexity from a global perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black matters, according to Black feminist geographer Katherine McKittrick (2006), are always already spatial matters. As Black academics, we are intimately familiar with hostile environments and unwelcoming spaces (Dade et al., 2015; Griffin, 2013; Misawa, 2015). Embracing the sacred principle of nommo, which is to conjure images of biological and spiritual existence (Walker & Kuykendall, 2005), we envision poetry as a contestation of Black absenting and a platform to speak our imaginings into existence. This duoethnography, by a Black woman postdoctoral scholar and a Black man navigating academia as a current faculty member, draws on endarkened feminist epistemology as a conceptual framework to guide articulations of self in and against academic spaces that attempt to marginalize, silence, and erase Black personhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential for Caribbean festivals through storytelling and place-making to decolonize everyday spaces. It investigates the potential for festivals to transform places through festivals' decolonial cultural and creative resources. The article begins with a review of relevant literature on festivals, storytelling, and place-making. Junkanoo in The Bahamas is presented as a case with which to explore how storytelling as counternarrative to colonial legacies and the neocolonialism of tourism can reaffirm the importance of the festival to place. While there are both placemaking (top-down approach) and place-making (bottom-up approach) processes at work for Junkanoo, passionate community members and cultural leaders provide continued agency alongside powerful placemaking structures. Two alternative conceptual models of place-making and placemaking and possible influences on everyday spatial geographies are presented. The conclusion offers a framework for continued theory development and practice in the decolonization of place through festival storytelling. Place-making with local storytelling enhances strategies for community development through the inclusion of underrepresented communities, especially African descendent populations, for developing more equitable frameworks for heritage justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deliberations on the revision of the European Union (EU) system for geographical indications (GIs), proposed in 2022, manifest the contentious nature of protecting GIs against evocation. This article shifts attention to the origins of the anti-evocation protection, allowing for further exploration of how the protection deviates from the objectives behind its establishment. The study shows that the flaws that triggered the prospective reform were foreseen in the 1990s when anti-evocation protection was first introduced in GI law. In the 1990s, legislative discussions surrounding the introduction had already brought to light a lack of clarity regarding the objectives, the over-inclusiveness of the evocation test, and the potential absurdities it might generate. Those once potential flaws have gradually become a reality, and practice has manifested a mismatch between the anti-evocation protection and its underlying purposes. The judicial and legislative authorities’ latest bridging efforts have missed the fundamental solution to the mismatch. The EU GI legislative reform should give due consideration to adopting a harm-based approach, thus bringing the anti-evocation protection closer to its core objective of preventing harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics plays a fundamental role in ecological research, yet its uses remain strikingly separate from advances in the environmental social sciences and humanities. In this paper, I work to address this impasse and outline the motivation and scope for an 'ecological mathematics', an approach to doing mathematics in environmental research which foregrounds relationship, embodiment and human difference. I begin by tracing the historical emergence of mathematics in ecology, noting how life processes have been conceptualised in a way which forces them to fit the ideals of mathematical models transplanted from the physical sciences. I then investigate the cultural factors shaping the evolution of mathematical thought, eliciting a malleability in how mathematical knowledge relates to the more-than-human world. This provides a place from which to rethink the role of abstraction in ecological thought, and develop mathematical methods grounded in ecological concepts. Drawing on ethnographic and perceptual accounts of space and time, I work with topological concepts from both mathematics and the social sciences to suggest a new correspondence between these subjects, elaborating a way of employing mathematical techniques which enliven, rather than deaden, the ecologies under study. The paper concludes with important philosophical clarifications to the approach of an ecological mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of "nonkilling geography" and its relevance in understanding human behavior, particularly in relation to violence and killing. It discusses the spatial aspects of killing, emphasizing the increasing proportion of civilian casualties in war. The author argues that distance plays a significant role in the act of killing, with greater distance making it easier and less traumatic. The text also examines the psychological mechanisms, such as moral exclusion and dehumanization, that contribute to violence. It emphasizes the importance of spatial relations and social categorizations in shaping attitudes towards others and calls for a shift towards a nonkilling society. Additionally, the document provides a list of references on various topics, including the geography of women's fear, the psychology of evil, justice and politics, and the concept of just war, which may be helpful for library patrons conducting research on these subjects. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografía is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispania: Revista Española de Historia is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spatial thinking is a unique thinking skill that geographers use to reason. Every individual is believed to have this thinking skill, but not all are aware of it. This condition causes differences in the development of each person. A person’s spatial thinking can be improved by training. Geospatial technology is a representation tool that many people believe can be used to train spatial thinking skills. However, not many people encounter obstacles when using this technology. The complexity of the command to run is an obstacle that is often found. In line with the development of geospatial technology, many applications integrate this technology as part of visualization tools. This teaching and learning were conducted with Action Research Classroom (three cycles) in the form of Project-Based Learning with Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematic (STEM) approach. This article discusses the findings of the research on the use of Excel dynamic map chart and virtual globe to improve spatial thinking in research subjects with the case study of Indonesian Geography and World Regional Geography. With the Excel application project, for the context of upper-level education, the findings show an increase in spatial thinking skills and mastery of the use of mapping platforms without the need for prior experience of coding, software, or cartography, although it needs to be corroborated by other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear power plants require cooling water. When numerous nuclear plants were built in the 1970s, they were thus placed at major rivers. This caused cross-border problems, since in Europe, many rivers crossed or constituted borders. As awareness for thermal and radioactive pollution grew, border areas became hotbeds of European anti-nuclear protest. Advocates of European integration suggested that the European Communities (EC) were best positioned to resolve this issue. This article analyses the EC rulemaking attempts regarding the siting of nuclear power plants and explains why they failed. It argues that while the cross-border nature of the problem of nuclear installations at borders justified EC-level legal solutions, the geography of nuclear plants militated against supranational solutions -- at a time of national vetoes and when energy security was considered a national sovereignty concern. The article is based on the analysis of primary sources from European Union and national archives. By taking the physical and political geography of nuclear energy into account, this article offers new perspectives on the role of borders and border studies, on the history of nuclear energy and society, and on the history of European integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear energy has long attracted the attention of scholars in the humanities and social sciences. With this HSR Special Issue, we would like to push the scholarly frontier by highlighting the geographies of nuclear energy in the past and present. Nuclear energy is inherently interwoven with geography. We argue that to fully appreciate and grasp nuclear energy's geographical and spatial dimensions, approaches from a range of disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields are needed. This special issue thus includes contributions from history, geography, political science, technology assessment, science and technology studies (STS), and other fields. This article introduces this topic by outlining the state of the art of the geographies of nuclear energy and discusses different conceptual frameworks of how to understand nuclear-space interactions. In addition, the individual articles in this issue are briefly presented here and discussed within the research context. The articles themselves cover the geography of nuclear energy from beginning to end: from the mining of uranium, the planning and construction of nuclear power plants, the formation of public resistance, and the cooling of nuclear energy sites as well as the evolution of research centres and, last but not least, the political control and storage of nuclear waste. The collection of articles published here were part of the double session "Geographies of Nuclear Energy," presented at the RGS-IBG Annual International Conference 2021, and of the session "Atomic Rivers," presented at the ESEH Conference 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss how walking as mapping serves as a method for observing and disrupting spatial geopolitics, opening possibilities for alternative systems of living. I explore three theoretical perspectives--posthumanism, Indigenous and decolonializing theories of land, and Black geography--that, while distinct, nonetheless share some overlapping characteristics: the recognition and contestation of knowledge systems, the turn toward a relational ethics of living, and a call for critical and creative methods of intervention into existing systems. In the final half of the paper, I consider these orientations and their call for creative and critical methods of intervention as I review my scholarship on walking and how it has served as a form of counterstory mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Education / Hrvatski Časopis za Odgoj i Obrazovanje is the property of Uciteljski Fakultet u Zagrebu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Geography is an exciting discipline involving the interrogation of place, space, and mobility. Film is too powerful and assessable tool that engages audiences. Therefore, this article builds a rationale for utilizing film in the teaching of geography. Particularly geographic mobility, which is the study of spatial patterns of movement and viewing them with positive or negative social meaning and as embedded within structures of power. Design/methodology/approach: This is not a research paper so there is no methodology to detail. Findings: This is not a research paper so there are no findings to detail. Originality/value: The article introduces three films (Selma, Hidden Figures, and The Green Book) and describes how they can be used to enrich the teaching of geographic mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Aeneas covers that geographic expanse, it starts to appear at odds with the centrifugal force Vergil. Topics include grants empire in the context of family, and introduces what I see as a key tension in the poem, as the geographic expansion of empire is set against private concern; and demonstrates how geography is made personal in the poem.

This study examines the meaning of the imaginative geography created by contact with communist countries and the prospects for a post-Cold War world. It analyzes newspaper articles, TV documentaries, and the written travelogue about Richard E. Kim's (Korean name Kim Ŭn'guk 金恩國) travels to China and the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. During this time, neither China nor the Soviet Union had established diplomatic ties with South Korea, and they were not regions in which Koreans could travel freely. As such, the Korean public's perception of communist countries was somewhat limited. However, as a U.S. citizen, Kim could travel to these countries, and his travels subsequently received significant attention from the South Korean public. Kim gave accounts of his travels in newspapers and books and on TV, but the interpretations of these trips differed according to the medium. Newspapers and documentaries represented the communist countries and the lives of ethnic Koreans according to Cold War Orientalism and emphasized nationalist identity, while Kim's travelogue departed from both Cold War Orientalism and nationalist identity. Kim's approach emphasized differences that could not be unified and presented a desirable subjectivity for the upcoming post-Cold War era. In sum, while the documentaries highlighted nationalism, Kim's travel writing suggested a cosmopolitan subjectivity, two perspectives that differed radically in their prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating technology into learning has become a pivotal necessity in the digital age. This underscores the imperative for educators, serving as facilitators, to organize and implement digital technology within instructional processes adeptly. Central to this application is educators’ perceptions of the utilization of mobile digital textbooks. Crucially, this study, rooted in a qualitative research design, sought to elucidate teachers’ perceptions regarding the employment of the Mobile Digital Textbook, integrated with a STEM approach, to enhance students’ spatial thinking and Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Data collection was meticulously executed through semi-structured interviews involving fifteen geography educators from eight East Java, Indonesia, secondary institutions. With the aid of NVIVO software, the data were systematically organized and categorized based on pre-established criteria. The findings revealed a predominantly positive perception among the fifteen participants towards using the Mobile Digital Textbook with the STEM approach in fostering students’ spatial thinking and HOTS. The implications of this research underscore the significance of continuous training and support for educators in assimilating digital technology, particularly mobile digital textbooks, to elevate instructional quality and cultivate students’ advanced cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Histórica (02528894) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education (JTPE) / Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama is the property of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geography, as a multifaceted discipline, encompasses the study of Earth's landscapes, environments, and the interactions between human societies and their surroundings. This research article delves into the interdisciplinary dimensions of geography, exploring its various subfields, methodologies, and contributions to understanding the complexities of our world. From physical geography's examination of natural phenomena to human geography's focus on societal patterns and processes, geography serves as a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Through case studies and theoretical frameworks, this paper highlights the importance of geography in addressing contemporary global challenges and shaping sustainable futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology is the property of Canadian Network for Innovation in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Online learning during covid-19 pandemic is the first experience for most teachers and students in Aceh. This study aims to find out how the level of geographical concepts understanding during online learning in Aceh, Indonesia through three-tier diagnostic test. After knowing the concepts students find difficult as well as their difficulties in understanding those concepts, as long-term goal online learning method which is effective and innovative will be developed to enhance the level of geographical concepts understanding and to avoid misconception in students. This study uses quantitative approach. The object of study were students of class XI and XII with the total of 131 students come from 19 school in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. Data collection instrument used was test in the form of three-tier diagnostic test given online through google forms. Data analysis was carried out by analyzing the combination of answers using three-level multiple choice. The results showed indicated that the percentage of students who understand concept was 6.2%, do not understand concept were 78.50%, misconception was 3.18% and error was 2.12%. Based on the result of study it can be concluded that most respondents were in the category of do not understand the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to observe the predictive power of the practices carried out in distance geography courses conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic in students' self-efficacy in geographical inquiry skills. Fourteen variables were determined for this purpose. In this context, questions covering the individual characteristics of the students, systems followed by the students (synchronous-asynchronous), students' interests in the course and their follow-ups, and their learning experiences were included. "The Self-Assessment Scale for Geographic Inquiry Process Skills" was used to determine the students' self-efficacy levels. The data were collected from 493 students attending 11th and 12th grades in eighteen high schools in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The screening model was used in the research and the data were analyzed using multiple hierarchical regression methods. The results of the study showed that nine variables statistically predicted 89% of the total variance. In order of relative importance, grade, school type, and gender are the first and most important predictor variables. Students' asking questions, doing homework, and using supplementary materials come next. Based on this, it is recommended that teachers take on the responsibility of raising their students as individuals who are independent and learned to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of geo-identities in the Black Sea region is a new phenomenon with significant consequences for regional security. Elites in Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey have constructed geoidentities based on their selective interpretations of history, geography, and politics. These identities contain visions of national greatness and destiny, while they also produce domestic discourse to distinguish allies from enemies. In the context of great power politics, geo-identities emerge as crucial fault lines between East and West. Moscow claims to represent a unified nation of Russians that can stand up against the West. In contrast, Ukraine has rebranded itself as a democratic country fighting for its independence. Finally, Turkey has attempted to maintain a neutral position between Russia and Ukraine by emphasizing its exceptionalism. In the era of geopolitical upheaval, there is a need for a new security community of liberal democracies in the wider region supported by the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humans have long utilized the surrounding landscape and organisms as life resources and developed new species of organisms through cultivation. The utilization of biodiversity has played a vital role in advancing human culture, specifically regarding food and habitation. This accumulated knowledge on the ecosystem has transcended geographical boundaries of rivers, mountains, and seas, spreading to other countries where it has been adjusted or adopted. In addition, the languages and dialects of ethnic minorities, which comprise the biocultural diversity within the ecosystem, are becoming fragmented or disappearing as a result of syncretism due to impact of rapid westernization, urbanization, and development. Indigenous languages contain countless terminologies that reflect ecological characteristics of organisms and resources within a specific region, and if the ecosystem no longer exists, the language also disappears. Preserving and sustainably using indiscreetly-exploited natural ecosystems and biological resources is the way to protect and sustain the value of culture. Culture develops with high dependence on biological resources. World organizations such as IUCN, CBD, and UNESCO have already reported that the growing human population will increasingly rely on bio(resource)diversity. Like such, the relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity, as demonstrated through flexibility, dynamics, and complementation observed during the interaction between these two paradigms, has emerged as a crucial model for achieving balance and coexistence necessary for human survival in the future. This paper will discuss the value of biocultural diversity, focusing on the relationship between geographical and typological characteristics of the island and seascape as well as the utilization of ecological resources. This study will further discuss how human geographical changes caused by socioeconomic influence within an island affect biocultural diversity and islandness through cases of island region in South Korea, Iriomote Island of Okinawa, and Pulau Madura, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tax effort literature explains cross-country variation in tax to GDP ratios using various determinants of tax revenues. To date, this literature has viewed this tax ratio primarily as a function of current economic and political circumstances, proximate determinants of tax performance. Borrowing from the development economics literature, this article explores 'deep determinants' or long-term variables of tax ratios. I consider how geography, formal institutions, and informal institutions influence tax ratios in a large cross-section of countries. A theory based on 'institutional efficiency' is proposed that may partly explain the lower tax ratios in many developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Procesos Historicos is the property of Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Data collection and cleaning procedures to exclude bot-generated responses are used to maintain the data integrity of samples from online surveys. However, these procedures may be time-consuming and difficult to implement. Thus, we aim to evaluate the validity of a single-step geolocation algorithm for recruiting eligible gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men in Philadelphia for an online study. Methods: We used a 4-step approach, based on common practices for evaluating bot-generated and fraudulent responses, to assess the validity of participants' Qualtrics survey data as our referent standard. We then compared it to Qualtrics' single-step geolocation algorithm that used the MaxMind commercial database to map participants' Internet protocol address to their approximate location. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the single-step geolocation approach relative to the 4-step approach. Results: There were 826 respondents who completed the survey and 440 (53%) were eligible for enrollment based on the 4-step approach. The single-step geolocation approach yielded a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI = 88%, 93%), specificity of 79% (95% CI = 74%, 83%), PPV of 83% (95% CI = 80%, 86%), and NPV of 88% (95% CI = 85%, 91%). Conclusions: Geolocation alone provided a moderately high level of agreement with the 4-step approach for identifying geographically eligible participants in the online sample, but both approaches may be subject to additional misclassification. Researchers may want to consider multiple procedures to ensure data integrity in online samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many European countries, geography was regarded as an important 'imperial science' in the late 19th century, and influential geographical societies contributed to the empire-building efforts. The Hungarian Geographical Society, however, was more connected to a nation-building mission in the decades after its foundation (1872), and seeking recognition of Hungary among the European nations had always been a priority of the society. Imperial thinking became more prevalent around the turn of the century, but even then, Hungarian geographers emphasised the special Hungarian interests that were different from the geopolitical aims of the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This paper examines the Hungarian Geographical Society in international comparative context. The Hungarian society belonged to the middle-sized geographical societies in terms of its membership, income, and financial reliance on state subsidies, which corresponded the semi-peripheral position of Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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