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The relationship between environmental sustainability and selected research variables. [Display omitted] • Impact of linear economy, circular economy, green economy and green patents on environmental sustainability. • Utilizes CS-ARDL approach. • Green energy and green patents positively impact the ecological sustainability across all quantiles. • Linear and Circular economies have both negative and positive impacts in short and long run, respectively. • Adequate environmental policies are suggested for the environmental sustainability. This study investigates the impact of linear economy, circular economy, green energy and green patents on environmental sustainability in selected OECD countries during 2000–2018. To demonstrate the nexus between above said constructs, Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model is adopted. Empirical findings suggest that green energy and green patents positively impact the environmental sustainability across all the quantiles. However, impact of linear economy, circular economy is negative in the short run and getting positive towards the long run. Overall, there is significant association between all the examined variables and they all are equally important to facilitates the environmental sustainability in the OECD countries. Empirical outcomes of present study help the policymakers to establish the ecological sustainability and guide them towards the attainment of sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urgent global action is required to combat climate change, with radiographers poised to play a significant role in reducing healthcare's environmental impact. This paper explores radiography-related activities and factors in resource-limited departments contributing to the carbon footprint and proposes strategies for mitigation. The rationale is to discuss the literature regarding these contributing factors and to raise awareness about how to promote sustainability activities in clinical radiography practice and education in resource-limited countries. The radiography-related activities and factors contributing to the carbon footprint in resource-limited countries include the use of old equipment and energy inefficiency, insufficient clean energy to power equipment, long-distance commuting for radiological examinations, high film usage and waste, inadequate training and research on sustainable practices, as well as limited policies to drive support for sustainability. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach. Firstly, financial assistance and partnerships are needed to adopt eco-friendly technologies and clean energy sources to power equipment, thus tackling issues related to old equipment and energy inefficiency. Transitioning to digital radiography can mitigate the environmental impact of high film usage and waste, while collaboration between governments, healthcare organisations, and international stakeholders can improve access to radiological services, reducing long-distance commuting. Additionally, promoting education programmes and research efforts in sustainability will empower radiographers with the knowledge to practice sustainably, complemented by clear policies such as green imaging practices to guide and incentivise the adoption of sustainable practices. These integrated solutions can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of radiography activities in resource-limited settings while enhancing healthcare delivery. Radiography-related activities and factors in resource-limited departments contributing to the carbon footprint are multifaceted but can be addressed through concerted efforts. Addressing the challenges posed by old equipment, energy inefficiency, high film usage, and inadequate training through collaborative efforts and robust policy implementation is essential for promoting sustainable radiography practices in resource-limited countries. Radiographers in these countries need to be aware of these factors contributing to the carbon footprint and begin to work with the relevant stakeholders to mitigate them. Furthermore, there is a need for them to engage in education programmes and research efforts in sustainability to empower them with the right knowledge and understanding to practice sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Green energy, human capital, and load capacity factor nexus is analyzed. • Human capital and green energy stimulate the load capacity factor. • Load capacity curve is valid in the context of ASEAN. • Economic globalization and population density reduce the load capacity factor. • Policies are directed to achieve SDGs 13 and 7. Climate control is one of the important targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which along with other SDGs plays an imperative role in environmental sustainability strategies. Recently, studies on the driving forces of climate change and environmental quality focus on using environmental indicators like CO 2 and ecological footprint (EF). Evidently, CO 2 emissions have been criticized on the ground that they cannot indicate environmental deterioration to a large extent. EF also focuses only on the consumption of resources and overlooks biocapacity (supply side). The adoption of green energy, which is the fundamental agenda of SDG 7, is the most practical solution toward energy transition and controlling fossil fuel consumption. Also, human-induced environmental challenges require considering factors like education and awareness to cultivate a green society. Against this background, this study employs the load capacity factor (LCF), which considers both supply and demand sides to gauge the environmental quality, and inspects the human capital (HUC), green energy (GEN), and environmental quality nexus using the data from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 1986 to 2018 in the context of the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis. Results of the cross-sectionally augmented ARDL, robust to heterogeneity, fractional integration, endogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence (CSD), established that the load capacity curve holds in the context of ASEAN. Thus, achieving a higher income level will support ASEAN to expand LCF and increase environmental quality. HUC is found to expand LCF and promote environmental quality. Similarly, green energy is found to stimulate LCF. However, population density and economic globalization expand environmental deterioration. The paper is concluded by providing detailed policies to enhance environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to asses the welfare and macroeconomic implications of three distinct degrowth strategies designed to reduce carbon emissions: penalizing fossil fuel demand, substituting aggregate consumption with leisure and disincentivizing total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Design/methodology/approach: Using an environmental dynamic general equilibrium (eDGE) model that incorporates both green renewable technologies and fossil fuels in the production process, this study sets an emissions reduction target aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement by 2050. Findings: The results reveal that the conventional degrowth strategy, wherein a reduction in the consumption of goods and services is compensated with an increase in leisure, may entail significant economic consequences, leading to a notable decline in welfare. In particular, a degrowth scenario resulting from a decline in TFP yields the most pronounced reduction in welfare. Conversely, inducing a reduction in fossil fuel demand by fiscally inflating the price of the imported commodity, despite potential social backlash, exhibits noticeably less detrimental welfare effects compared to other degrowth policies. Furthermore, under this degrowth strategy, the findings suggest that a globally coordinated strategy could result in long-term welfare gain. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first contribution that uses an eDGE model to evaluate the welfare implications of an additional degrowth strategy amidst the ongoing inertial reduction of carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal zone of Bangladesh is of immense importance and provides a myriad of services and functions, including fisheries resources, sustaining biodiversity, supporting trade and transportation, and holding visually pleasing monuments and recreational opportunities for the country's economic growth and the well-being of its people. The article highlights the significant efforts made by the Government of Bangladesh toward promoting the blue economy, including the development of renewable energy programs (wind farms), sustainable tourism, fisheries aquaculture, and working on a long-term plan for coastal zone management. The study also examines the challenges facing Bangladesh's marine and coastal fisheries, including overfishing, indiscriminate catch and kill of juveniles, and marine pollution. Additionally, the article discusses the growing popularity of mariculture, especially seaweed culture, in the coastal waters of Bangladesh as an alternative to dwindling marine fisheries. Research also highlights the need for greater efforts toward the conservation and sustainable management of marine and coastal resources, including fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, to ensure their long-term viability and economic benefits for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic benefits of solar power, especially in high-altitude, long-endurance applications, have drawn a lot of interest in the search for efficient and sustainable energy sources. Solar power is a desirable alternative because of the free and plentiful sunshine at high altitudes. Compared to ground-level uses, solar power has higher efficiency because of lower temperatures and less atmospheric interference. The objective is to identify the key components that make solar-powered flight successful. The study also looks at energy storage systems, aerodynamic factors, and developments in solar cell technology in order to provide an ideal design concept for a tiny solar-powered aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green energy has become one of the most recurrent topics of the last decade, with a clear ascending trend in terms of popularity and strategic relevance. Although the term has been a fundamental element in the energy, environmental science, or engineering domains, we can now observe frequent linkages with the highly dynamic and versatile economic context. With this in mind, in the current paper, we aim to present the related literature approaches that integrated green energy in economics, while also identifying the evolutionary differences of perspectives and frameworks. Therefore, the methodology will start by showcasing the clear evolution of the concept, with statistical overviews that confirm its increasing frequency. Afterward, we will limit the review to the papers that integrated green energy in the title, in an endeavor to illustrate the main connections and synergies found within the economic and business area. A selection of 50 papers will be made, 25 being published in the 2010-2019 period and 25 starting in 2020. Consequently, a classification framework will be constructed to allocate each paper based on the general subject and the main methodology used. After profiling the periods and extracting valuable comparisons, the papers will be curated through the computation of different text-mining techniques, resulting in insightful statistics on the most common words, complementary concepts, and general sentiment. The study's main conclusion will be the observed prevalence of a new economic framework, based on economic growth and sustainability: green growth. Therefore, in terms of contribution, by using data mining and sentiment analysis, we have extracted valuable information from a large volume of text, methodically proving that green energy is frequently linked with economic development, and evolving conceptually throughout the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is one of the most promising technologies for developing sustainable energy systems. This paper presents empirical evidence on the finance-green energy nexus. We use an extensive database on financial development (depth, access, efficiency, stability) from 1960 to 2017 for 214 countries, providing the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive empirical investigation on all four dimensions. We show macroeconomic and energy development conditions (public/social awareness and willingness, policy and legal framework, fossil fuels orientation, energy sector competition) are crucial to leverage financing and improve financing conditions for renewable energy entrepreneurs. Our empirical findings show that the financial system in East Asia and the Pacific is a significant constraint for investments in sustainable technologies. The cost of capital and debt, as well as the cost of equity and assets, for green investors, is commonly 30% higher than for non-green investors. Our findings support the crowding-in effect for South Asia. Here we supply empirical knowledge on the policymakers' and investors (governments, institutions, markets) goals, policies, and instruments targeting green financing and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clean energy transition demands a complete revamp of the global energy sector from fossil fuels to renewables. Accelerating this transition shall be greatly beneficial for the people and the planet. Innovative strategies are required for this rapid transition to gain acceptance and succeed in developing countries. This transition shall be driven by developing new technologies along with improving the efficiency of existing technologies. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can be a clean and sustainable energy source in many applications such as solar power plants, automobiles, aerospace and wireless sensors. The drawback currently limiting its use is low efficiency. Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) with TEGs has emerged as a promising means to improve efficiency, opening up a research field of enormous opportunities. However, only a few published reviews are available on the research work in this area. None of the recent reviews provides a comprehensive analysis of the application, performance and effect of properties of PCMs in PCM-integrated TEGs. This work presents a comprehensive and critical review of the state-of-the-art research in PCM-integrated TEGs and discusses future research prospects. The scope of the review also includes an analysis of the factors affecting the performance of TEG-PCM systems. • TEGs are promising systems for transition to clean energy with net zero emission. • PCM integration improves efficiency by 1 to 16 % of conventional TEGs. • PCM-TEGs generate power continuously even with intermittent heat sources. • PCM-TEGs maintain a stable temperature at the hot junction and have a longer life. • The configuration of a TEG-PCM is a deciding factor of its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Examined impact of green technology, environmental taxes, and green energy on CO 2. • Focused on 5 sovereign Nordic countries for the period 1995–2020. • Used cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach. • Green technology, environmental taxes, and green energy have a lowering impact. • Validated robustness of the CS-ARDL results by AMG and CCEMG approaches. This study analyzes comprehensively the role of green technology, environmental taxes, and green energy toward a sustainable environment in 5 sovereign Nordic countries by also considering income and population. For this purpose, annual data of Nordic countries from 1995 to 2020 is extracted and the cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) technique is applied to test short-run and long-run compatibilities of the indicators on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. Moreover, Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) approaches are applied for robustness checks. The empirical results reveal that (i) green technology, environmental taxes, and green energy have a negative association with CO 2 emissions in the both short-run and long-run; (ii) income and population have a positive association between CO 2 emissions in the both short-run and long-run; (iii) AMG and CCEMG approaches report similar findings with the CS-ARDL and validate the robustness in turn. Thus, the empirical results confirm the contributing role of green technology, environmental taxes, and green energy toward a sustainable environment in 5 sovereign Nordic countries. Moreover, policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a documentation work that will present several achievements regarding small-scale hydrokinetic energy production systems used as an alternative solution for supplying electrical energy to various consumers. Hydrokinetic turbine systems can represent an efficient technical and economic solution to meet the electricity needs for powers up to 1000 W in areas where connection to the distribution network is not possible, or for achieving electricity savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the increase in the demand for clean energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also to ensure electricity for relatively isolated homes located near a watercourse, the paper proposes the implementation of a system to determine the speed of water flow in order to find the optimal solution for the location of a microhydropower plant. It will be located with minimal intervention on the water course, being environmentally friendly. The proposed system for determining the speed of water flow will be a portable one so that measurements can be made at as many points as possible in order to optimally choose the location of a hydrokinetic system for the production of electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for the future industry. To meet the accompanying increase in demand for electrolyzers, an equivalent increase in production capacity is essential. This can be achieved through efficient assembly orchestrations based on continuous assembly progress detection. This paper contributes to the necessary data acquisition during the assembly process. Various methods from the state of the art are presented, evaluated and compared against each other. Finally, a modular concept for data acquisition on the construction site of electrolysis plants based on data fusion is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdated nuclear technology export policy, specifically designed to prevent the sharing of nuclear technology and limit sovereign applications, have caused reluctance within the region to adopt nuclear energy. Specifically, the currently constructed Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act prevents countries from sovereignly sourcing nuclear fuel and treating nuclear waste, thus infringing on energy sovereignty and self-reliance. Historical reluctance of the West, and particularly the U.S., to share nuclear fuel cycle technology has been largely due to non-proliferation concerns. Critically, without access to domestic fuel production, SEA countries have no incentive to transition from readily available fossil fuels to imported enriched uranium. The development of pyroprocessing technology, a proliferation-resistant method of fabricating fuel from spent nuclear fuel, presents a window of opportunity to convince nuclear exporting countries, particularly the U.S., to re-examine exportation regulation and assist in the creation of nuclear alliances. This paper analyses the future of sovereign nuclear energy in Southeast Asia by juxtaposing current policy and regulation with governance that allows for pyroprocessing. A three-part Transnational Business Governance (TGB) and Policy Vulnerability Tree analysis formulates revised policies which allows for pyroprocessing to overcome hurdles to establishing nuclear energy within SEA. Our results indicate the U.S. should reconsider domestic and international nuclear policy and encourage allies like Japan and South Korea to take initiative and foster a creative and diplomatic environment for SEA countries to develop nuclear energy, which can alleviate energy poverty, de-carbonise energy production, foster friendlier relations with the West, and reduce vulnerability to Russian and Chinese coercion in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of rapid social and economic development, people's material living standards have also changed significantly while their demand for buildings has also changed. Under this background, green buildings have emerged. A good design model is applied. The results show that it can completely meet the performance design objectives of intact after fortification earthquake and can be repaired after rare earthquake. This method can be used in seismic isolation design. This research integrates the concepts of low-carbon and energy-saving and ecological energy-saving into the building design to increase the utilization rate of recycled resources, thereby alleviating the shortage of resources and improving the comfort of residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirements for green energy have become more critical with the increasing risk from the global warming effect. In this study, previous study results were applied to obtain an optimal small surface boat configuration design and estimated its power requirement. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are wildly used on vehicles. Its high working temperature (80 °C) make it a safer power source for small surface boat. This research used PEMFC as the test platform with test range from 0 to 2.4 kW. In order to obtain the optimum performance, Taguchi's orthogonal array (L 8 and L 27) method was applied, with three factors: flow rate of hydrogen, humidification conditions, and temperature of the fuel cell stack, as the control parameters. According to the case study results, a dimensionless analysis were performed to acquire the ship model's resistance–power curve and to evaluate the required power for a real ship (with a size that is three times that of the ship model). The speed was approximately 5 knots, and the required power was about 250 W. Finally, the best factor-level combination of Taguchi's method is A 2 B 3 C 2 and that the SNR is 57.81 dB. This is better than the value (approximately 0.43 dB) for the original design (A 1 B 1 C 1). In addition, both the main effect and interaction of the three factors have significant influence, especially toward the fuel cell stack temperature. The robust design was obtained with the intelligence parameter method matching with the results of the Taguchi's optimal prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media can be used to influence perceptions of green products and motivate the adoption of green energy. A key motivator for choosing green energy is concern for the environment. Social media is an effective means of communicating with consumers and stakeholders regarding the benefits of green energy in society. This study empirically examines social media usage in the green energy industry, identifies the most commonly used platforms, and analyzes social media usage according to the sector and financial situation of the company. Findings show there are four social media platforms used by 73 percent or more of green energy firms, with LinkedIn being the most popular. Social media usage was found to vary by sector. Findings can assist managers and marketers of green energy firms make informed decisions regarding their use of social media. Findings will be of interest to academic researchers and policy makers regarding green energy firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The current study investigated the synergistic effect of waste glycerol and salinity on Scenedesmus obliquus cultivation for enhanced biomass and biodiesel production. Optimal glycerol concentration was identified at 0.08 M supplementation, resulting in 23.1 % significant increase in biomass productivity. However, higher glycerol concentrations resulted in growth retardation. Salinity of +200 % NaCl showed positive impact on the growth, with the highest recorded dry weight of 1.76 g/L and biomass productivity of 0.206 g/L.day. However, further increases in salinity resulted in 53.4 % reduction in biomass yield at +800 % NaCl compared to +200 % NaCl. The combined treatment of the optimum glycerol concentration at different salinities (Glyc + Salin) showed superior growth performance up to +600 % NaCl, which confirmed mitigation of salinity inhibitory effects. Glyc + Salin exhibited the highest recorded nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies (98.1 % and 96.6 %, respectively at day 8), dry weight (2.02 g/L), and biomass productivity (0.231 g/L.day). Notably, lipid content increased to 240.4 mg/g dw, and lipid productivity reached 56.0 mg/L.day, representing 76.1 % improvement over the control. Biodiesel characteristics, including cetane numbers and iodine values, showed also improvement, confirming the potential of Glyc + Salin for sustainable microalgal cultivation and biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines return and volatility connectedness among Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and (un)conventional financial assets across various market conditions using a Quantile-VAR connectedness technique. It also explores the predictive powers of major global macroeconomic and geopolitical indicators on both connectedness across these market conditions. First, we find that return and volatility connectedness vary across market conditions, with higher levels during extreme events. Except during bullish periods, return connectedness dominates volatility connectedness. Second, NFTs are decoupled from both (un)conventional assets during normal market condition but it is a net return shocks receiver except under bullish market period, where it is a net transmitter. However, it is a net volatility shocks receiver irrespective of the market situation. Lastly, geopolitical risks, business condition and economic policy uncertainty are important predictors of return and volatility connectedness, although the strength and direction are heterogeneous. We discuss the policy implications of these findings. [Display omitted] • Quantile returns and volatility connectedness among NFTs and other assets are analysed. • The predictive powers of major global macroeconomic and geopolitical indicators on quantile connectedness are examined. • Except during bullish market situation, return connectedness is higher than those of total volatility connectedness. • NFTs are decoupled from all the assets during normal times but receives significant return risks under extreme market events. • Geopolitical risks, business conditions, and economic policy uncertainty are important predictors of connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) identified for Baghdad and Riyadh cities. • GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis were developed using twelve criteria. • Baghdad city showed a suitable site for 179.99 km2 (AHP) and 162.61 km2 (FAHP). • Riyadh city revealed a suitable site for 518.43 km2 (AHP) and 463.59 km2 (FAHP). Electric vehicle charging station identification is more essential in developing countries regions. Two major Middle Eastern capital cities are used to identify the EVCS which is important for environmentally friendly scenarios using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Fuzzy-AHP (FAHP) in Baghdad (Iraq), and Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). With the help of GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis, suitable sites aimed at EVCSs are identified using twelve criteria. Based on the analysis very high suitable zones of Baghdad city have 179.99 km2 (AHP), and 162.61 km2 (FAHP), while Riyadh has 44.51 km2 (AHP), and 34.27 km2 (FAHP) respectively. Whereas, very low suitable areas for Baghdad have 552.47 km2 (AHP), and 1596.74 km2 (FAHP), while Riyadh has 518.43 km2 (AHP), and 463.59 km2 (FAHP) correspondingly. Karkh, Dora, Hurriya, Yarmouk, Binouk, and near the Baghdad international airport are more suitable for EVCSs establish while in Riyadh Dhahrat Laban, Ash Shifa, Al-Sina'yah, Tuwaiq, Al-Olaya and Al-Murabba is more Suitable for EVCSs. Green energy-based vehicle fuel is required for future development and reduction of fossil fuel use. Near the future, electric vehicles capture the maximum vehicle market, therefore identification of suitable sites for EVCSs plays a vital role in sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Need to achieve carbon neutrality and protect the environment from CO 2 damage. • E-7 economies are consuming 40% of global energy. • E-7 countries are ranked among top twenty's emitter of carbon across the globe. • Carbon neutrality can be achieved through carbon finance and technological innovation. After COP21, various economies start putting efforts to fulfill the pledge and achieve carbon neutrality. By doing so, scholars highlight several essential factors that can curb carbon emissions. In this lieu, the current study analyzes the role of technological innovation, carbon finance, environmental awareness, urbanization, and green energy like renewable energy consumption (REC) and renewable energy output (REO) on carbon neutrality in E7 countries covering the time span of 2006–2020. By employing CUP-FM and CUP-BC, it is revealed that technological innovation, carbon finance, environmental awareness, urbanization, REC, and REO have a positive connection with carbon neutrality in E7 countries. The study provides guidelines to the policymakers in developing policies regarding to obtain carbon neutrality using technological innovation, carbon finance, environmental awareness, and green energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is considered as a potential alternative energy source, but problem exists with the quantity and quality of feedstock used for it. To improve the feedstock quality of biodiesel, a field experiment was conducted under natural conditions. Cultivar Thori of kasumbha was used in the experiment. Commercialized biofertilizers were applied at the rate of 20 kg per acre and chemical fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) was applied as half dose (15 kg/ha). Results indicated that number of leaf plant−1, leaf area, number of seeds capitulum−1 was significantly increased by biofertilizer treatment alone (BF) and combine treatment of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (BFCF). Agronomic traits such as plant height, no. of branches of a plant, no. of capitulum/plant was improved significantly by BF treatment over the control. Maximum 1000 seed weight (41%) and seed yield (23%) were recorded in half dose of chemical fertilizers treatment (CFH). Seed oil content and seed phenolics were significantly improved by BF and CF treatments while maximum biodiesel yield was recorded by BF treatment. Maximum oleic acid was recorded by BF treatment while other fatty acids being maximum in control except linoleic acid in BFCF treatment. Results for specific gravity were non-significant while acid value and free fatty acid contents were substantially reduced by BF treatment as compared to other treatments. Maximum value of iodine number was recorded in BFCF treatment while tocopherol contents were improved by BF treatment. It is inferred that biofertilizer treatment alone perform better as compared to other treatments and 50% chemical fertilizer can be replaced using biofertilizer which is a good approach for sustainable environmental-friendly agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even if in Europe the costs of the transition to a green economy are reflected in the final consumer's bills and in the prices of finished products - an effect already felt in the Community - the necessity to clean up the economy cannot be disputed. However, Europeans need to determine if the priority is to give up conventional energy or to develop the green energy production, because it is becoming increasingly clear that the two objectives cannot be achieved simultaneously without affecting the purchasing power of Europeans. Within this context, the study involves: a) the statistical analysis of the impact of the conventional energy overtaxation and the renewable energy subsidization on the average price charged by suppliers for final consumers on the Romanian market in the first three quarters of 2021 and b) to identify the correlation coefficient between the spot price for energy on the Romanian market and the share of renewable energy in the national mix for the same period. The objective of the research is to assess the costs paid by the final consumers within the context of the energy transition and the production capacity of renewable sources that must be added to the National Energy System for their amortization. The results show the importance of the Black Sea basin in the regional energy equation and its potential to become a point of attraction for European energy investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent modernized world, utilization of natural resources (renewable & non-renewable) is increasing drastically due to the sophisticated life style of the people. The over-consumption of non-renewable resources causes pollution which leads to global warming. Consequently, government agencies have been taking several initiatives to control the over-consumption of non-renewable natural resources and encourage the production of renewable energy resources. In this regard, we introduce an IoT powered integrated framework called as green home architecture (GHA) for green score calculation based on the usage of natural resources for household purpose. Green score is a credit point (i.e.,10 pts) of a family which can be calculated once in a month based on the utilization of energy, production of renewable energy and pollution caused. The green score can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy, generation of renewable energy and preventing the pollution. The main objective of GHA is to monitor the day-to-day usage of resources and calculate the green score using the proposed green score algorithm. This algorithm gives positive credits for economic consumption of resources and production of renewable energy and also it gives negative credits for pollution caused. Here, we recommend a green score based tax calculation system which gives tax exemption based on the green score value. This direct beneficiary model will appreciate and encourage the citizens to consume fewer natural resources and prevent pollution. Rather than simply giving subsidy, this proposed system allows monitoring the subsidy scheme periodically and encourages the proper working system with tax exemption rewards. Also, our GHA will be used to monitor all the household appliances, vehicles, wind mills, electricity meter, water re-treatment plant, pollution level to read the consumption/production in appropriate units by using the suitable sensors. These values will be stored in mass storage platform like cloud for the calculation of green score and also employed for billing purpose by the government agencies. This integrated platform can replace the manual billing and directly benefits the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirements for powerful computing capability, high capacity, low latency and low energy consumption of emerging services, pose severe challenges to the fifth-generation (5G) network. As a promising paradigm, mobile edge networks can provide services in proximity to users by deploying computing components and cache at the edge, which can effectively decrease service delay. However, the coexistence of heterogeneous services and the sharing of limited resources lead to the competition between various services for multiple resources. This paper considers two typical heterogeneous services: computing services and content delivery services, in order to properly configure resources, it is crucial to develop an effective offloading and caching strategies. Considering the high energy consumption of 5G base stations, this paper considers the hybrid energy supply model of traditional power grid and green energy. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable association mechanism which can allocate more service load to base stations rich in green energy to improve the utilization of green energy. This paper formed the joint optimization problem of computing offloading, caching and resource allocation for heterogeneous services with the objective of minimizing the on-grid power consumption under the constraints of limited resources and QoS guarantee. Since the joint optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem that is impossible to solve, this paper uses deep reinforcement learning method to learn the optimal strategy through a lot of training. Extensive simulation experiments show that compared with other schemes, the proposed scheme can allocate resources to heterogeneous service according to the green energy distribution which can effectively reduce the traditional energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Demystify the role of green energy and green technology. • Green energy and perceived value have highest positive impact. • LCC hypothesis is tested and supported by this study. This study aims to demystify the role of green energy and green technology in establishing the nexus between behavioural intentions of tourists, technologies, and digital payments by using Perceived value (PV), Compatibility (CO), Perceived Enjoyment (PE), and Social Influence (SI) as a predictor variables, Trust (TR) and Satisfaction (SA) as a mediating variables and Behavioural Intentions (BI) as an outcome Variable. For the empirical estimation, we employ smart PLS-SEM, TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and SPSS and Tested the LCC hypothesis. Key findings suggest that green energy and perceived value have the highest positive impact on tourists' trust towards digital payments followed by compatibility, social influence and perceived enjoyment. Similarly, tourists' satisfaction and green technology is one of the important determinants of choosing any digital mode of payment, is mostly influence by perceived value, perceived enjoyment, compatibility and social influence. Moreover, if we choose between trust and satisfaction, trust plays a significant role in exploring the behavioural intentions of tourists about green energy and green technology followed by tourists' satisfaction. In addition, Tourists' trust and satisfaction are highly correlated and influence each other. The study offers novel policy implications in terms of use of green technology and green energy in enhancing trust and satisfaction of tourists in order to deeper understanding of different dimensions of digital payments and M−wallets, and allowing them to explore the long-term value inherent of digital payments and M−wallets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed at constructing the Credible VaR (Credible ES) forecast for a target green energy instrument by combining its VaR (ES) forecast and the expected VaR (expected ES) forecast for all green energy instruments. Using return data for eleven sectoral green energy indices, we revealed the tendency of their risks to decline following the Paris Agreement but then substantially increase during COVID-19 and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. Despite a much higher trust in the VaR (ES) forecast, the resulting Credible VaR (Credible ES) forecast performed relatively better, as validated through backtesting, thereby improving investment strategies and decision-making through risk sharing. • CreVaR and CreES forecasts were computed for green energy markets with credibility. • The CreVaR (CreES) forecast outperformed the VaR (ES) forecast based on backtesting. • The risks of 11 green energy sectors tended to decrease after the Paris Agreement. • Such risks then increased in times of COVID-19 and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. • Our approach shed light on how to share our trust in individual and portfolio risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mine gas is an important clean and green energy. Safe and efficient exploitation of gas resources is not only of great significance to national energy security but also can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the global environment. It is an important means to enhance the permeability of coal seam to maximize gas resource drainage. This study summarizes the development history and research status of current permeability enhancement technologies in my country, and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various permeability enhancement technologies and their scope of application. Besides, this paper introduces a new method of high-voltage electrical pulse(HVEP) to increase permeability, which can be repeated and has less damage to coal seam. Through analysis, the cracking coal mechanism ofHVEP and its technical advantages are obtained. It also points out the development trend of HVEP and coal seam permeability enhancement technology in the future, which provides the basis for coal mine gas resource utilization and environmental safety. In this paper, the following main conclusions are obtained: (1) in the future, two or more permeability enhancement methods should be collaborative operation to deal with the gas resource problem; (2) the future coal mine gas control and utilization will develop towards the Internet of things and intellectualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A performed experimental comparative analysis of output power and energy production between a fixed solar panel and single axis (eastwest) solar tracking solar panel is presented in this paper. Fixed mounting of solar panels was preferred due to the lower cost, nevertheless the solar tracking panel increased energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining electricity by converting solar energy is an option in the activities of specialists in the field of unconventional energies. The structurally constructive variants of the equipment, the most used are constituted by multiplied systems of solar panels.Their efficiency in converting solar energy is determined by their operating state, which involves, among other things, eliminating the consequences of the presence of external factors: polluted atmosphere, contaminated water, intense noise, vibration, shock, etc. The paper presents some considerations that address the state of operation of the panels in terms of ensuring the removal of deposits from the surface of solar panels, so that they do not degrade. Constructive solutions for equipment designed in mechatronic vision are presented, in which there are optimally assembled components according to the reasoning proposed in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about capturing and converting as many different energy sources into electricity. Because we are dependent on gadgets and especially mobile phones, which have a limited duration due to lack of stored energy, the idea is to come up with a source that can produce an amount of energy from the resources found in the environment. This generator incorporates several energy sources, such as from the sun, motion, sound, signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaves of Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.), one of the medical and aromatic plants, are picked in May and June and they must be consumed in a short time. The part of the plant remaining outside the fresh consumption process is preserved to be utilized for a long time by drying out. Significant amount of energy is used in the desiccation of agricultural products, which is the value that is about 60% of the total energy requirement in agricultural production. In the experiment conducted for desiccation of Anatolian sage, two desiccation tests were performed in a desiccation cabinet and one in shade conditions. Plastic piping through which the hot water coming from a solar collector was caused to pass was located on the base of the desiccation cabinet to determine the impact of green energy on desiccation. Through the impact of the hot water in the desiccation, the highest value of the temperature of the leaves was increased up to 54.7 °C. This value became 15.7 °CC to 16.3 °CC higher than the leaf temperature of other desiccation cabinets. Due to the increase of the leaf temperature through green energy, a decrease in the desiccation period took place. In the desiccation cabinet with hot water pipe, the leaves dried out in 34 hours. This value is 10 hours shorter than other desiccation cabinets. It will be ensured through shortening of the desiccation period that the product quality will become higher, energy consumption in desiccation will be reduced, and the aromatic properties and market value of the product will be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the green energy harvesting system using thermoelectric generator for generating electrical power from waste heat has rapidly been increased. This research work investigates the theoretical modeling of single thermocouple, thermoelectric module (TEM) and TEM with high-gain power converter. This study develops a MATLAB-Simulink model for a single thermocouple and TEM to predict the P–I and V–I performance curves. The TEMs are subjected to a varying ΔT in many waste heat-generating applications. Such impact on a varying ΔT is analyzed from the comparison of a P–I and V–I performance curve obtained under two different ΔT conditions. Moreover, a TEM along with a high-gain power converter, to boost the output voltage to meet the load requirement, is modeled in a MATLAB-Simulink. The simulation analysis of P–I and V–I performance curves of a TEM for a ΔT of 95 °C and 135 °C is compared with the experimental results to validate the practical feasibility of the proposed model. A large voltage conversion ratio of 17 with an efficiency of 91.5% is obtained from the power converter. Hence, the proposed system can employ to power the DC micro-grid systems. Also, a 2.35-V input-voltage and 40.4-V load-voltage prototype of high-gain power converter with TEM has been tested in laboratory to validate the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The hydrogen trapping possibility of isomeric thiadiazole-Li+ and thiadiazole-2Li+ building blocks has been evaluated by various functionals within density functional theory (DFT), and it is found that they can adsorb a maximum of five and ten H 2 molecules respectively. Aromaticity is retained even after hydrogen adsorption. Average adsorption energy lies in the quasimolecular type adsorption range. The gravimetric wt% (9.7 ∼ 16.7) are found suitable as per norms. Topological analysis shows that the bond formation between Li and trapped H 2 molecules is mostly non-covalent. At 200 K or below this temperature, the Gibbs free energy changes illustrate that the molecular hydrogen adsorption process is spontaneous for all isomeric thiadiazole-xLi+ [x = 1 and 2] building blocks. Higher temperatures are required for the desorption of H 2 molecules. Thus, we believe that our studied system thiadiazole-xLi+ can be proposed as a practically viable system for hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the relationship among the energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth of Malaysia by using a time series data from 1980-2016. The study findings are shown by an econometric analysis that energy consumption, total and per capita CO2 emission and gross domestic product (GDP) has increased vastly between 1980 and 2016. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of the long run relationship of energy consumption with carbon emission and economic growth. Moreover, the Granger causality test reveals the unidirectional causality of energy demand and population with carbon emission. The positive and significant relationship between GDP and carbon emission is a critical issue in Malaysia that needs to be addressed with care as economic growth is necessary but increase of carbon emission is undesirable. Therefore, this study recommends to promote green energy, green growth (GDP) that will ensure both energy security and energy sustainability in Malaysia over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This is a research report on a green transportation project. Green transportation relies on renewable energy sources rather than fossil fuels currently used extensively. Sustainability assumes low impacts on environment and balancing current and future needs. We are investigating introduction of electrical vehicles (EV) and issues which influence that EVs are rapidly becoming a mainstay in vehicle product lines. These issues are related to the remaining available reserves of fossil fuels, important for the further use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE), from one side, and on the other side, availability and reserves of lithium and other metals, required for EV batteries and motors, which makes impacts on swiftness of green transportation introduction. This transition to EVs is characterized by the convergence of mobility and energy what can bring significant benefits to the entire society. There are also policy implications which direct the usage of green energy for EV charging and development of related infrastructure. Finally, we present the economics of green transportation and business models which ensure its sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The increased awareness toward the global warming and the environmental pollution problems has stimulated the utilization of the alternative energy sources since they can positively take part in minimizing such problems. Among these sources, biomass based solid wastes is counted as one of the most promising in the field of energy production. Thus, the current research work focuses on the conversion of rice straw (a biomass-based solid waste) into hydrocarbon gases in general and methane (main constituent of natural gas) in particular. The reduction of the operational temperature and the elevated rate of solid-to-gas conversion are newly presented approaches in this research. Specifically, the used operating temperature, in this study, had been 250 °C while the well-known temperature range for slow pyrolysis is 380–550 °C. Another approach is represented in this work via the orientation of the obtained biogas to become mainly hydrocarbon gases instead of CO, CO 2 and CH 4 mixture, as the common for such pyrolysis processes. The attained high rate of solid-to-gas conversion (80%) while at low temperature is also a new approach of this study since such high rate is just possible in the flash pyrolysis (750–900 °C). The increased conversion rate was achieved via reducing the particles size of the used solid-biomass to a nano-sized range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of portable power banks by using triboelectric nanogenerator-based technology has been a subject of great interest. However, when the potential wide range of future applications of such devices is considered, their heavy use of nanomaterials, polymers, and micro/nano fabrication technologies will increase the cost of and the energy consumed during production; moreover, their improper disposal may harm the environment. Here, we demonstrate portable card-type triboelectric nanogenerators (Card-TENGs) assembled by using less problematic, readily available materials through a top-down approach. The Card-TENGs are fabricated mainly from paper, including card paper and printer paper, which can greatly reduce the fabrication cost and the risk to the environment. Electricity can be generated simply by shaking the Card-TENGs, and Card-TENGs can be combined to form single and multilayer structures, which will enhance their electrical output. Furthermore, the as-fabricated Card-TENGs can be easily integrated into packs to increase the total output for lighting LEDs arrays and powering calculators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study intends to investigate the individual effects of essential transesterification reaction variables on density and viscosity of produced hazelnut oil methyl ester, and determine reaction variables proving the minimum viscosity. In biodiesel production, catalyst (NaOH) amount, reaction temperature, reaction duration and methyl alcohol (CH3OH) to oil molar ratio were parametrically changed as: 0.25–1.50 %, 40–70 °C, 30–120 minutes and 3:1–12:1, respectively. After the parametric investigation, it was determined that 1.00 % NaOH amount, 50 °C reaction temperature, 60 minutes reaction duration and 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio provide the minimum viscosity of 4.128 cSt. Moreover, some other fuel characteristics (flash point, higher heating value, cold filter plugging point and fatty acid composition) of the minimum viscosity biodiesel were specified, and it was reported that these specifications were compatible to EN 14214 and EN ASTM D 6751 standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Green Economy" aims at observing all the changes that take place in the contemporary world through the environment. This concept seeks to find new, concrete solutions that can be applied in the international environment development issue as a result of the massive problems generated by multiple crises. The transition to a green economy must be based on an economic policy that is in line with economic development, biodiversity, climate change, the long-term ecosystem. Starting from all these prerequisites, they have to be connected to each other so that the end result is sustainable development, which is considered the main pillar in the growth of the world economy. In order to implement a "green economy", we need to take into account several key points, to set up an action plan with a strong foundation, aimed at fostering sustainable long-term development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small hydropower (SHP) has a global reputation as a ‘green’, low-carbon energy source that improves rural livelihoods and contributes to local economic development. In China, SHP has grown rapidly since the early 2000s, particularly in the water-rich provinces in the country’s southwest. However, because SHP plants in China are privately-operated and approved by local governments, there is an incentive to construct large, multiple-cascade systems to generate as much power as possible. In many areas, this has led to over-development of SHP and associated negative environmental and social impacts. In this paper, we identify the factors that shape geographies of SHP over-development, what we refer to as ‘shades’ of green energy. We then analyze the direct and indirect impacts of over-development. We draw on interviews and electricity generation data from six prefectures in Yunnan province, one of the world’s largest hydropower producing regions. We find that prefectures that operate in a semi-autonomous way in electricity management and industrial planning are most prone to over-develop SHP, since they depend on hydropower revenues from electricity generation and local energy-intensive industries. We also find that over-development of SHP causes streamflow reductions and unstable electricity generation, and in some areas, drives an increase in environmentally-destructive mineral processing and reduces irrigation water access. These findings suggest a need for coordinated river basin planning on small watersheds and a reassessment of the role of SHP in local economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]