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Les cholangites sont des affections fréquentes dans l’espèce féline. La présentation clinique ainsi que les anomalies biologiques et échographiques peuvent être frustes et peu spécifiques. Ce cas décrit la présentation clinique ainsi que la démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique d’une cholangite neutrophilique chez un chat British Shorthair femelle stérilisée de 7 ans. Il rappelle les critères de suspicion d’une cholangite neutrophilique puis illustre la pertinence et les limites des examens complémentaires réalisés afin de confirmer le diagnostic. Enfin, l’étiologie et le traitement sont discutés.

Les entéropathies du chat sont des affections fréquentes dont l’origine peut être infectieuse, alimentaire, dysimmunitaire ou tumorale. Leur présentation est très équivoque et dans de nombreux cas, les signes cliniques orientent vers une atteinte diffuse entérocolique. La précision des signes cliniques reste cependant déterminante dans le choix des examens complémentaires. Les chats jeunes avec des signes cliniques modérés sont le plus souvent atteints par des protozoaires ou par des troubles de la tolérance alimentaire. En présence de diarrhée, une parasitose doit être recherchée par coproscopie sur 3 prélèvements successifs et PCR tritrichomonas. La fibroplasie sclérosante éosinophilique féline est une entité récemment décrite. Elle affecte aussi les jeunes adultes et peut être suspectée lors d’éosinophilie périphérique ou de masse digestive. Chez les animaux âgés de plus de huit ans, le lymphome digestif de bas grade est une cause fréquente d’entéropathie chronique. Les principaux signes cliniques incluent un amaigrissement, une anorexie (ou une polyphagie) et des vomissements. Le diagnostic est histologique selon de nouveaux critères, récemment mieux cernés. Les entéropathies lymphoplasmocytaires, éosinophiliques et les autres néoplasies affectent des chats de tout âge et peuvent s’exprimer par des présentations cliniques variées. L’échographie abdominale couplée à l’examen cytologique en cas d’adénopathie ou de masse digestive constitue une étape préliminaire et essentielle du diagnostic. Si nécessaire, des biopsies digestives soumises à une analyse histologique et immunohistochimique sont déterminantes pour la distinction spécifique entre inflammation chronique et lymphome de bas grade.

Chronic enteropathies (CEs) are common diseases, particularly in elderly cats. The differentiation between CE and low-grade gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) remains challenging. The end diagnosis is reached by combining clinical signs with gastrointestinal tract sampling for histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. There is currently a lack of international guidelines on molecular testing, with variable results depending on the laboratory used. The clinician needs to keep this in mind when requesting and interpreting a test. Although LGITL is neoplastic, the progression is slow, and most cats can be stabilized for 2 years or more with a combination of prednisolone and chlorambucil.

Indolent T cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) of the gastrointestinal tract (GI-TLPD) is a rare human primary gastrointestinal T cell lymphoma that was recently included in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Low-grade intestinal T cell lymphoma (LGITL), an emerging disease in the domestic cat, shares a number of features with human GI-TLPD. In this prospective study, we determined whether feline LGITL might serve as a model of human GI-TLPD. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and performed histopathological and molecular studies on small intestinal biopsies from 22 domestic cats diagnosed with LGITL. This cancer mostly affects aging cats, is associated with nonspecific gastrointestinal tract signs, and is usually characterized by an indolent course. A histopathological analysis indicated that LGITL was mainly located in the jejunum. The small intestinal lamina propria was infiltrated by large numbers of small CD3+ T cell lymphocytes with various CD4 and CD8 expression profiles (CD4+ CD8− (4 out of 11, 36%), CD4− CD8+ (3 out of 11, 27%), and CD4− CD8− (4 out of 11, 36%)). Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were elevated in all cases. Ki67 was expressed in lamina propria lymphocytes and IELs at a low level (<30%). Most LGITLs were labelled by antibodies against phosphorylated STAT5, but were negative for CD56 and phosphorylated STAT3. T cell receptor gamma chain gene monoclonality was found in 86% of cases. These findings confirmed that feline LGITL shares clinical and histopathological features with human GI-TLPD. Feline LGITL may therefore constitute a relevant model of the human disease.

In addition to presenting with respiratory signs, many dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome show digestive tract signs related to the same conformational abnormalities. A detailed diagnostic investigation is usually required, including clinicopathologic analyses, thoracic radiographs, fluoroscopic studies, abdominal ultrasound examinations and both upper airway and gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. In most cases, medical therapies are successful in managing clinical signs, but surgery can occasionally be required to resolve hiatal hernia or pyloric stenosis. In determining prognosis, the features of each individual case should be considered, with the overall prognosis depending on the severity and extent of all the identified lesions.

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A 16-year-old domestic shorthaired cat with chronic kidney disease was presented with a subacute history of weakness and anorexia. Severe hypercalcaemia was identified and attributed to a cervical mass, diagnosed as a parathyroid carcinoma after surgery. Renal function, as evaluated by plasma creatinine, initially worsened during hypercalcaemia but fully returned to previously documented values two months post-operatively.