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1. Contemporary Anesthetic Evaluation and Management for Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Author

Salinas, Francis V.

Subjects
ANESTHESIA, GENERAL anesthesia, ELECTROCONVULSIVE therapy, EVIDENCE-based medicine, SCHIZOAFFECTIVE disorders, NEUROMUSCULAR blockade, CATATONIA, MENTAL depression, PATIENT care, BIPOLAR disorder, NEUROLEPTIC malignant syndrome
Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment most often used in patients with severe major depression that has not responded to other treatments. ECT is also indicated for patients with other severe psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Contemporary "modified ECT" involves inducing general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade before inducing the therapeutic seizure. The goal of this review is to combine an evidence-based update with the experience of the author's institution to provide a practical approach to anesthetic care for the patient undergoing ECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Validation of Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ EN24) in Malayalam

Author

Suchetha, S, Alukal, Anila Tresa, Rema, P, Dinesh, Dhanya, Sivaranjith, J, Mathew, Aleyamma, and James, Francis V.

Abstract

Introduction: Quality of life questionnaire (QLQ) EN24 is the questionnaire used for measuring quality of life (QOL) of patients with endometrial cancers developed by the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). This questionnaire is in the English language. In order to use this questionnaire in a non-English-speaking population, the English questionnaire has to be initially translated to the local languages. Objective: The aim of the study is to validate the EORTC quality of life questionnaire for endometrial cancers EN24 in Malayalam after translation. Methods: Under the supervision of the EORTC QLQ team, the translation procedure of EORTC QOL EN24 was done. Results: A total of 50 patients with endometrial cancer at varying stages of treatment completed the questionnaire. There were no missing data. The average time to finish the interview was 8 min. The Cronbach’s alpha, which signifies the internal consistency of the questionnaire, was found to be > 0.7 in all the domains studied, except in poor body image domain which suggest that the questionnaire has good internal consistency reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients varied from 0.43 to 1.

Published
2024
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3. Clinicopathologic Profile and Survival of Patients with Uterine Low Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma

Author

Surendran, Sajitha, Suchetha, S., Rema, P., Siva Ranjith, J., James, Francis V., Mony, Rari P., and Jagathnath Krishna, K. M.

Abstract

Background: Low-grade uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare tumour characterised by an overall good survival but showing indolent behaviour and a variable risk of recurrence. There is no clear consensus on the optimal management of these tumours and no prognostic or predictive factors have been established. With this study, we evaluated the clinical profile and survival outcome of patients affected by LGESS. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 56 LG-ESS cases, treated from January 1st, 2010 to July 31st, 2019, in our centre. The clinicopathological characteristics, the patterns of recurrence and its treatment and the relationship between various modalities of treatment and the recurrence rate was investigated. Risk of recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier analysis, respectively. Results: Of 56 patients with LG-ESS, five experienced recurrence (9%). The median time to recurrence was 24 months. Majority of the recurrences were locoregional. The 3 year overall survival (OS) from this study was 100% with a median follow up period of 86 months (range 26–168 months). The three year disease free survival (DFS) was 96.5% with a standard error (SE) of 2.4%. Conclusion: This study concludes that LG-ESS has an overall excellent prognosis. Recurrences are late, but salvageable. The role of various adjuvant modalities of treatment needs to be defined with more research.

Published
2024
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4. Utrecht Applicator for Combined Intracavitary/Interstitial Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cancer Cervix: Feasibility and Plan Comparison

Author

Joy, Anju, Menon, Sharika V., Joseph, John, Paramu, Raghukumar, Kumar, Aswin, Krishna, K. M. Jagathnath, and James, Francis V.

Abstract

Purpose: To find out whether additional interstitial component provides better dose distribution and less organ at risk (OAR) doses compared to treatment plan without needles for locally advanced carcinoma cervix cases with residual disease after chemoradiation. Methods: Nine patients with residual disease after chemoradiation for locally advanced cancer cervix were selected for MRI-based brachytherapy planning with hybrid intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) Utrecht applicator. The doses of external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy were added and converted to 2 Gy dose equivalent (EQD2). Two additional sets of plans were created for each patient with and without optimization, before incorporating the interstitial component. A dosimetric comparison was carried out between the plans. Results: The mean high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) D90 dose was 87.78 Gy, and HRCTV D98 was 77.4 Gy for the combined IC/IS plans. The mean 2 cc rectal, bladder, and sigmoid doses were 61.3 Gy, 82.2 Gy, and 57.02 Gy, respectively. The mean D90 and D98 doses for plans without optimization were 90.01 Gy and 78.61 Gy, and for optimized plans were 89.8 Gy and 78.03 Gy, respectively. The corresponding 2 cc rectal, bladder, and sigmoid doses were 76.54 Gy, 99.48 Gy, and 69.58 Gy, respectively, for non-optimized plans and 76.1 Gy, 101.94 Gy, and 69.5 Gy, respectively, for optimized plans. The differences of doses of OAR were significantly favoring IC/IS plans with p-value of 0.027, 0.025, and 0.044 for D2cc of bladder, rectum, and sigmoid, respectively. Conclusion: The combined IC/IS plans with optimization resulted in statistically significant lower OAR doses while maintaining the optimal HRCTV doses compared to the intracavitary alone plans with or without optimization.

Published
2024
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6. Uterine Sarcoma: Retrospective Study From A Single institute

Author

Suchetha, S., Vijayashanti, T., Rema, P., Sivaranjith, J., kumar, Aswin, Krishna, K. M. Jagathnath, and James, Francis. V.

Abstract

Abstract: Uterine sarcomas are heterogeneous group of tumours comprising 1% of gynaecological malignancies. There is lack of concences on optimal treatment of uterine sarcomas. This is because of lack of randomised controlled trials due to rarity of these tumours. Surgical management without spill remains the standard primary treatment. Most of the times uterine sarcomas are diagnosed postoperatively from histopathology report of either myomectomy or hysterectomy. This retrospective study analysed the clinico pathological characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment details and survival outcome of different types of uterine sarcomas. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 59 patients of uterine sarcomas. All patients underwent surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation treatment were given according to histopathological report and FIGO stage. Patients were followed up every three months for first two years and then every six months. Disease free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) were calculated. Statistical analysis: The data were summarized using descriptive statistics as mean, percent and range. Survival probabilities were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and the significance of difference between the survival curves were calculate using log-rank test. Results: Uterine sarcomas are rare and aggressive tumours of uterus. Majority of these tumours present in early stage. Surgery remains the main treatment modality. Role of adjuvant radiation treatment remains controversial. Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor.

Published
2022
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7. An Electrochemical Study on NH4VOPO4: Can Ion-Exchange Improve Side Reactions?

Author

Buyuker, Isiksu, Hidalgo, Marc Francis V., Zuba, Mateusz, Diamint, Jake, Hui Zhou, Chernova, Natasha A., Piper, Louis J., and Whittingham, M. Stanley

Subjects
ELECTRIC power consumption, LITHIUM-ion batteries, ENERGY density, TRANSITION metals, SUPPLY & demand
Abstract

Increasing demands for higher energy density batteries have inspired multi-electron cathodes which can double the energy density per transition metal cation. In Li-ion batteries, vanadyl phosphates have been shown to intercalate 2 Li+ per V center by activating V4+/5+ and V3+/4+ redox couples, resulting in a gravimetric capacity of 305 mAh g-1. In order to employ the VOPO4 structure in earth abundant and cheaper alkali-ion batteries, channels must be expanded to allow the diffusion of larger cations. This can be achieved by pillaring the VOPO4 framework with large cations. KVOPO4 has been shown to be a high capacity cathode in Na-ion batteries, however not all of the K could be removed from the structure, limiting the accessible capacity. NH4VOPO4 is similar to KVOPO4 where the KTP-type VOPO4 framework is enlarged and distorted due to the presence of large cations. In this study, we investigate the electrochemical performance of NH4VOPO4. While the pristine material suffers greatly from parasitic reactions, we show that electrochemistry and thermal stability can be improved by exchanging some of the NH4 + with Na+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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9. Advanced endometrial cancers—outcome of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery: a retrospective study

Author

Dinesh, Dhanya, Rema, P., Suchetha, S., Sivaranjith, J., James, Francis V., and Krishna, K. M. Jagathnath

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the overall and disease free survival in patients with advanced (Stage III and IV) endometrial cancer who undergo cytoreductive surgery, and to assess the factors affecting recurrence in these patients. Methodology: 80 patients with advanced endometrial cancer who were diagnosed and had undergone surgery in Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram between 2008 and 2018 were included. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy initially and surgery later were also included for analysis. Results: Mean age was 59.9 yrs. Patients with Stage III disease constituted 81.2% (n= 65) of the population whereas 18.8% (n= 15) had stage IV endometrial cancer. There were 53 patients (66.3%) with endometrioid histology whereas 12 (15%) had serous carcinoma, 6 (7.5%) had clear cell carcinoma and 9 (11.2%) had carcinosarcoma. Majority of the patients, 69 (86.3%) had primary surgery, while 11 (13.7%) had upfront chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 72 (90%) of the patients who underwent surgery. Adjuvant treatment was chemotherapy and radiation was given in 41 patients (51.2%), while 15 (18.8%) received chemotherapy alone and 18 (21.3%) received radiotherapy alone. Median follow up period was 92 months. Relapse occurred in 50 patients (62.5%) and death in 49 patients (61.2%). 5 year DFS was 39% and OS was 46.9%. Factors significantly correlating to recurrence on univariate analysis included age more than 60 years, non endometrioid histology, high grade, LVSI and pelvic nodal metastases. However on multivariate analysis, only non endometrioid histology was found to have a significant correlation with recurrence. Factors significantly correlating to survival were age more than 60 yrs, Pre op Albumin less than 4 g%, non endometrioid histology, high grade, presence of LVSI and site of recurrence in lung and para aortic lymph nodes. However on multivariate analysis, only non endometrioid histology was found to have a significant correlation with survival. Conclusion: In carefully selected patients with advanced endometrial cancer, a combination of surgical cytoreduction with appropriate adjuvant treatment and neoadjuvant treatment when indicated gives good results with an acceptable morbidity and mortality and reasonable overall survival.

Published
2024
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11. Lower extremity regional anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding.

Author

De, Q Tran, Francis, V Salinas, Honorio, T Benzon, Joseph, M Neal, Tran, De Q, Salinas, Francis V, Benzon, Honorio T, and Neal, Joseph M

Abstract

The advent of ultrasound guidance has led to a renewed interest in regional anesthesia of the lower limb. In keeping with the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine's ongoing commitment to provide intensive evidence-based education, this article presents a complete update of the 2005 comprehensive review on lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks. The current review article strives to (1) summarize the pertinent anatomy of the lumbar and sacral plexuses, (2) discuss the optimal approaches and techniques for lower limb regional anesthesia, (3) present evidence to guide the selection of pharmacological agents and adjuvants, (4) describe potential complications associated with lower extremity nerve blocks, and (5) identify informational gaps pertaining to outcomes, which warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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13. Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Uterine Cervical Cancer and Its Implications in Carcinogenesis; An Integrative Approach.

Author

Nair, Veena B., Manasa, V. G., Sinto, M. S., Jayasree, K., James, Francis V., and Kannan, S.

Abstract

Objectives: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in developing countries, including India. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining importance in cancer biology because of their involvement in various cellular processes. The present study aimed to profile miRNA expression pattern in cervical cancer, identify their target genes, and understand their role in carcinogenesis. Methods: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in samples were assessed by heminested polymerase chain reaction followed by direct DNA sequencing. Next-generation sequencing and miRNA microarray were used for miRNA profiling in cervical cancer cell lines and tissue samples, respectively. MicroRNA signature was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, and biological significance was elucidated using various in silico analyses. Results: Cervical cancer tissues samples were mostly infected by HPV type 16 (93%). MicroRNA profiling showed that the pattern of miRNA expression differed with respect to HPV positivity in cervical cancer cell lines. However, target and pathway analyses indicated identical involvement of these significantly deregulated miRNAs in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines irrespective of type of HPVinfected. Microarray profiling identified a set of miRNAs that are differentially deregulated in cervical cancer tissue samples which were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. In silico analyses revealed that the signature miRNAs are mainly involved in PI3K-Akt and mTOR pathways. Conclusions: The study identified that high-risk HPV induces similar carcinogenic mechanism irrespective of HPV type. The miRNA signature of cervical cancer and their target genes were also elucidated, thereby providing a better insight into the molecular mechanism underlying cervical cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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14. A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B

Author

Revill, Peter A, Chisari, Francis V, Block, Joan M, Dandri, Maura, Gehring, Adam J, Guo, Haitao, Hu, Jianming, Kramvis, Anna, Lampertico, Pietro, Janssen, Harry L A, Levrero, Massimo, Li, Wenhui, Liang, T Jake, Lim, Seng-Gee, Lu, Fengmin, Penicaud, M Capucine, Tavis, John E, Thimme, Robert, Arbuthnot, Patrick, Boonstra, Andre, Chang, Kyong-Mi, Chen, Per-Jei, Glebe, Dieter, Guidotti, Luca G., Fellay, Jacques, Ferrari, Carlo, Jansen, Louis, Lau, Daryl T Y, Lok, Anna S, Maini, Mala K, Mason, William, Matthews, Gail, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Petersen, Jörg, Rehermann, Barbara, Shin, Eui-Cheol, Thompson, Alex, van Bömmel, Florian, Wang, Fu-Sheng, Watashi, Koichi, Yang, Hung-Chih, Yuan, Zhenghong, Yuen, Man-Fung, Block, Timothy, Miller, Veronica, Protzer, Ulrike, Bréchot, Christian, Locarnini, Stephen, Peters, Marion G, Schinazi, Raymond F, and Zoulim, Fabien

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health challenge on the same scale as tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. The International Coalition to Eliminate HBV (ICE-HBV) is a coalition of experts dedicated to accelerating the discovery of a cure for chronic hepatitis B. Following extensive consultation with more than 50 scientists from across the globe, as well as key stakeholders including people affected by HBV, we have identified gaps in our current knowledge and new strategies and tools that are required to achieve HBV cure. We believe that research must focus on the discovery of interventional strategies that will permanently reduce the number of productively infected cells or permanently silence the covalently closed circular DNA in those cells, and that will stimulate HBV-specific host immune responses which mimic spontaneous resolution of HBV infection. There is also a pressing need for the establishment of repositories of standardised HBV reagents and protocols that can be accessed by all HBV researchers throughout the world. The HBV cure research agenda outlined in this position paper will contribute markedly to the goal of eliminating HBV infection worldwide.

Published
2019
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17. Local Anesthetic-Induced Myotoxicity After Continuous Adductor Canal Block.

Author

Neal, Joseph M., Salinas, Francis V., and Choi, Daniel S.

Abstract

Objective: Local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity occurs consistently in animal models, yet is reported rarely in humans. Herein, we describe 3 sentinel cases of local anesthetic myotoxicity after continuous adductor canal block (ACB).Case Report: Three patients underwent total knee arthroplasty that was managed with subarachnoid block plus ACB induced with 1.5% lidocaine or 1.5% mepivacaine bolus followed by 0.2% ropivacaine at 8 mL/h. Although initial postoperative recovery was normal, each patient on either postoperative day 1 or 2 developed progressive, profound weakness of the quadriceps muscles. Clinical course, imaging, and neurophysiologic studies were consistent with myositis. The patients experienced partial to full functional recovery over the ensuing weeks to months.Conclusions: Clinically apparent local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity has been documented rarely in humans undergoing non-ophthalmic surgery. We report 3 sentinel cases associated with continuous ACB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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18. Evidence Basis for Ultrasound Guidance for Lower-Extremity Peripheral Nerve Block: Update 2016.

Author

Salinas, Francis V.

Abstract

This article reviews and summarizes randomized controlled studies that have investigated ultrasound guidance (USG) for lower-extremity peripheral nerve blocks in comparison with other peripheral nerve localization techniques and those that compared different ultrasound-guided techniques investigating optimal perineural local anesthetic distribution patterns.Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria (minimum Jadad score 3), and 10 additional studies directly compared USG with peripheral nerve stimulation, and 5 additional studies directly compared USG with landmark-based field blocks. Fourteen studies compared different local anesthetic distribution parameters.Analysis of the literature supports the use of USG for decreased block performance time, decreased block onset time, increased rate of complete sensory block, and increased analgesic efficacy. Ultrasound was never inferior to peripheral nerve stimulation. The research focus has evolved during the last 5 years into investigating optimal ultrasound-guided techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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19. The Second American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Medicine Assessment of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: Executive Summary.

Author

Neal, Joseph M., Brull, Richard, Horn, Jean-Louis, Liu, Spencer S., McCartney, Colin J. L., Perlas, Anahi, Salinas, Francis V., and Tsui, Ban Chi-ho

Abstract

Objectives: In 2009 and again in 2012, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine assembled an expert panel to assess the evidence basis for ultrasound guidance as a nerve localization tool for regional anesthesia.Methods: The 2012 panel reviewed evidence from the first advisory but focused primarily on new information that had emerged since 2009. A new section was added regarding the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound for determining needle-to-nerve proximity. Jadad scores are used to rank study quality. Grades of recommendations consistent with their level of evidence are provided.Results: The panel offers recommendations based on synthesis and analysis of literature related to (1) the technical capabilities of ultrasound equipment and its operators, (2) comparison of ultrasound to other methods of nerve localization with regard to block characteristics, (3) comparison of block techniques where ultrasound is the sole nerve localization modality, and (4) major complications. Assessment of evidence strength and recommendations are made for upper- and lower-extremity, truncal, neuraxial, and pediatric blocks.Conclusions: Scientific evidence from the past 5 years has clarified and strengthened our understanding of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia as a nerve localization tool. High-level evidence supports ultrasound guidance contributing to superior characteristics with selected blocks, although absolute differences with the comparator technique are often relatively small (especially for upper-extremity blocks). The clinical meaningfulness of these differences is likely of variable importance to individual practitioners. The use of ultrasound significantly reduces the risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity as well as the incidence and intensity of hemidiaphragmatic paresis, but has no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative neurologic symptoms. WHAT'S NEW IN THIS UPDATE?: This evidence-based assessment of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia reviews findings from our 2010 publication and focuses on new meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and large case series published since 2009. New to this exercise is an in-depth analysis of the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound guidance for identifying needle-to-nerve relationships. This version no longer addresses ultrasound for interventional pain medicine procedures, because the growth of that field demands separate consideration. Since our 2010 publication, new information has either supported or strengthened our original conclusions. There is no evidence that ultrasound is inferior to alternative nerve localization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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21. ADVANCES IN Anesthesia.

Author

Torsher, Laurence C., Dutton, Richard P., Salinas, Francis V., and Banerjee, Arna

Subjects
ANESTHESIA, MEDICAL technology
Published
2022
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24. Feasibility of Fertility-Sparing Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Ovary

Author

Anjana, J. S., Suchetha, S., Rema, P., Ranjith, J. Siva, Dinesh, Dhanya, James, Francis V., Kumar, Aswin, and Krishna, K. M. Jagathnath

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the feasibility of fertility-sparing surgery in patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for advanced malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary and to assess the menstrual and reproductive function in such patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 28 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumor of the ovary from January 2008 to March 2019. Results: The median age of the patients was 16.5 years. All patients responded well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-four patients underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Two patients opted for hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as they had completed their family and two patients underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for residual disease. One patient underwent completion surgery at a later date for a large benign cyst of the remaining ovary. Two patients were lost to follow-up, one of whom was pregnant at the time of the last follow-up. One patient, who initially presented with stage IV Dysgerminoma died due to disease recurrence. Of the remaining patients, 16 reported regular menstrual cycles and one patient has irregular cycles. Two patients were diagnosed with primary amenorrhea and two are still premenarchal. Three patients tried for pregnancy and had a total of four pregnancies. Conclusion: When fertility preservation is not feasible, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery might be considered in patients with advanced malignant germ cell tumor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery can result in complete cytoreduction, with high chance of fertility preservation and good menstrual and reproductive outcome.

Published
2022
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27. Short-Range Exosomal Transfer of Viral RNA from Infected Cells to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Triggers Innate Immunity.

Author

Dreux, Marlène, Garaigorta, Urtzi, Boyd, Bryan, Décembre, Elodie, Chung, Josan, Whitten-Bauer, Christina, Wieland, Stefan, and Chisari, Francis V.

Subjects
EXOSOMES, RNA viruses, MINK Aleutian disease, DENDRITIC cells, NATURAL immunity, NUCLEIC acids, INTERFERONS
Abstract

Summary: Viral nucleic acids often trigger an innate immune response in infected cells. Many viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have evolved mechanisms to evade intracellular recognition. Nevertheless, HCV-permissive cells can trigger a viral RNA-, TLR7-, and cell-contact-dependent compensatory interferon response in nonpermissive plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here we report that these events are mediated by transfer of HCV-RNA-containing exosomes from infected cells to pDCs. The exosomal viral RNA transfer is dependent on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and on Annexin A2, an RNA-binding protein involved in membrane vesicle trafficking, and is suppressed by exosome release inhibitors. Further, purified concentrated HCV-RNA-containing exosomes are sufficient to activate pDCs. Thus, vesicular sequestration and exosomal export of viral RNA may serve both as a viral strategy to evade pathogen sensing within infected cells and as a host strategy to induce an unopposed innate response in replication-nonpermissive bystander cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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28. Effect of Prior Cardiac Operations on Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Author

Likosky, Donald S., Surgenor, Stephen D., Kramer, Robert S., Russo, Louis, Leavitt, Bruce J., Sorensen, Meredith J., Helm, Robert E., Sardella, Gerald L., DiPierro, Francis V., Baribeau, Yvon R., Malenka, David J., MacKenzie, Todd A., Brown, Jeremiah R., and Ross, Cathy S.

Subjects
CORONARY artery bypass, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, REGRESSION analysis, CARDIAC output, MAXIMUM likelihood statistics, HEART failure
Abstract

Background: We examined a recent regional experience to determine the effect of a prior cardiac operation on short-term and midterm outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We identified 20,703 patients who underwent nonemergent CABG at 8 centers in northern New England from 2000 to 2008, of whom 818 (3.8%) had undergone prior cardiac operations. Prior CABG using a minimal or full sternotomy was considered a prior sternotomy. Survival data out to 4 years were obtained from a link with the Social Security Administration Death Index. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, and adjusted survival curves were estimated using inverse probability weighting. In a separate analysis, 1,182 patients were matched 1:1 by a patient''s propensity for having undergone prior CABG. Results: Patients with prior sternotomies had a greater burden of comorbid diseases and increased acuity and had a greater likelihood of returning to the operating room for bleeding and low cardiac output failure. Prior sternotomy was associated with an increased risk of death out to 4 years for patients undergoing CABG, with an unmatched hazard ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.64) and a matched hazard ratio of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.81). Conclusions: Analyses of our recent regional experience with nonemergent CABG showed that a prior cardiac operation was associated with a nearly twofold increased hazard of death at up to 4 years of follow-up. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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29. Intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in human infants.

Author

McDuffie, Lucas A., Bucher, Brian T., Erwin, Christopher R., Wakeman, Derek, White, Francis V., and Warner, Brad W.

Subjects
INTESTINAL surgery, INFANTS, SURGERY, ANIMAL models in research, OPERATIVE surgery, BIOLOGICAL adaptation, PATHOLOGY, NEONATAL necrotizing enterocolitis, OSTOMY
Abstract

Abstract: Purpose: In animal models, the small intestine responds to massive small bowel resection (SBR) through a compensatory process termed adaptation, characterized by increases in both villus height and crypt depth. This study seeks to determine whether similar morphologic alterations occur in humans after SBR. Methods: Clinical data and pathologic specimens of infants who had both an SBR for necrotizing enterocolitis and an ostomy takedown from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Small intestine mucosal morphology was compared in the same patients at the time of SBR and at the time of ostomy takedown. Results: For all samples, there was greater villus height (453.6 ± 20.4 vs 341.2 ± 12.4 μm, P < .0001) and crypt depth (178.6 ± 7.2 vs 152.6 ± 6 μm, P < .01) in the ostomy specimens compared with the SBR specimens. In infants with paired specimens, there was an increase of 31.7% ± 8.3% and 22.1% ± 10.0% in villus height and crypt depth, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the amount of intestine resected and the percent change in villus height (r = 0.36, P < .05). Conclusion: Mucosal adaptation after SBR in human infants is similar to what is observed in animal models. These findings validate the use of animal models of SBR used to understand the molecular mechanisms of this important response. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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30. Chapter 5: The Murals by Constantino Brumidi for the United States Capitol Rotunda, 1860 - 1880 An Iconographic Interpretation.

Author

O'Connor, Francis V.

Subjects
MURALISTS, MURAL art, INSTALLATION art
Abstract

Chapter 5 of the book "The Italian Presence in American Art 1860-1920," edited by Irma B. Jaffe is presented. It examines the skills of Constantino Brumidi as an environmental muralist by interpreting his intentions for the rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. It explores the three phases of the murals in the U.S. Capitol which are the installation of eight historical murals in the rotunda, the installation of the last murals, and the invitation of academician Allyx Cox to finish the frieze.

Published
1992

31. Small Babies on a Small Island: Survival of Very Low Birthweight Infants in Antigua and Barbuda 1986 to 2006.

Author

Martin, T. C., Howe, J., Smart, B., Hansen, P., Lovell-Roberts, L., and Francis, V.

Abstract

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2010

32. Hepatitis C Virus Blocks Interferon Effector Function by Inducing Protein Kinase R Phosphorylation.

Author

Garaigorta, Urtzi and Chisari, Francis V.

Subjects
HEPATITIS C virus, INTERFERONS, PROTEIN kinases, PHOSPHORYLATION, EUKARYOTIC cells, GENETIC translation, RIBOSOMES, HOST-virus relationships
Abstract

Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded RNA virus encoding a single polyprotein whose translation is driven by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). HCV infection strongly induces antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in the liver, yet it persists, suggesting that HCV can block ISG effector function. We now show that HCV infection triggers phosphorylation and activation of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, which inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α and attenuates ISG protein expression despite normal ISG mRNA induction. ISG protein induction is restored and the antiviral effects of interferon are enhanced when PKR expression is suppressed in interferon-treated infected cells. Whereas host protein translation, including antiviral ISGs, is suppressed by activated PKR, HCV IRES-dependent translation is not. These results suggest that the ability of HCV to activate PKR may, paradoxically, be advantageous for the virus during an IFN response by preferentially suppressing the translation of ISGs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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35. Metaphoric Duality, Psychological Parity, and the Crisis of Interiority in 20th Century Art and Literature.

Author

O'Connor, Francis V.

Abstract

The article presents the author's view regarding the thought of interiority in respect to the creative process in the 20th century art and literature. He discusses the relevance of intrinsic dualism and how it is understood in a hermeneutic approach that recognizes the psychoanalytic theory. He offers a theory to counter the reluctance of artists to acknowledge roles for their interiority or unconscious in their creative process. He states that the individual's creativity is found in early trauma, the style is shaped by the body image of the artist and frontal self portraits depict positive change in an artist's life course. He suggests that an artist should learn to surprise himself first, if he wants to delight an audience.

Published
2005

37. Evidence-Based Medicine for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia

Author

Salinas, Francis V. and Hanson, Neil A.

Abstract

Available evidence favoring the use of ultrasound for regional anesthesia is reviewed, updated, and critically assessed. Important outcome advantages include decreased time to block onset; decreased risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity; and, depending on the outcome definition, increased block success rates. Ultrasound guidance, peripheral nerve blocks, and central neuraxial blocks are discussed.

Published
2014
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38. Cutting-Edge Anesthesiology.

Author

Banerjee, Arna, Dutton, Richard P., Salinas, Francis V., and Torsher, Laurence C.

Subjects
ANESTHESIOLOGY, MEDICAL technology, DIFFUSION of innovations
Published
2021
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39. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdalla, Fabio C., Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T., Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A., Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M., Al-Zeer, Munir A., Albert, Matthew L., Albin, Roger L., Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi K., Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Arancia, Giuseppe, Aris, John P., Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Asare, Nana Y.O., Ashida, Hisashi, Askanas, Valerie, Askew, David S., Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K., Baehrecke, Eric H., Bahr, Ben A., Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A., Bampton, Edward T.W., Juhász, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R., Bassham, Diane C., Bast, Robert C., Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M., Begley, Thomas J., Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J., Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S., Boise, Lawrence H., Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L., Bornhauser, Beat C., Bortoluci, Karina R., Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E., Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H., Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L., Brookes, Paul S., Brown, Eric J., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T., Bulman, Dennis E., Bultman, Scott J., Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F., Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P., Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P., Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B., Carding, Simon R., Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carlin, Cathleen R., Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A.M., Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A., Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C., Chan, Edmond Y., Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S.-L., Chen, WenLi, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H.K., Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H., Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V., Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M.K., Choi, DooSeok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E., Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T., Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R., Clague, Michael J., Clark, Robert S.B., Clarke, Peter G.H., Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A., Colombo, María I., Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Graham H., Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P., Cregg, James M., Crespo, José L., Cronjé, Marianne J., Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J., Czaja, Mark J., D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M., Davies, Faith E., De Felici, Massimo, de Groot, John F., de Haan, Cornelis A.M., De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M.D., Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P., Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C., Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J., Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E., Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A., Duff, Karen E., Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L., Edinger, Aimee L., Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N. 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Wade, Harris, Adrian L., Harris, James, Harris, Steven D., Hashimoto, Makoto, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Hayashi, Shin-ichiro, Hazelhurst, Lori A., He, Congcong, He, You-Wen, Hébert, Marie-Josée, Heidenreich, Kim A., Helfrich, Miep H., Helgason, Gudmundur V., Henske, Elizabeth P., Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K., Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hocking, Lynne J., Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G., Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L., Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A., Hotamisligil, Gökhan S., Houwerzijl, Ewout J., Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-an A., Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B., Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B., Hussain, Sabah N.A., Hussey, Patrick J., Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Ip, Nancy Y., Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M., Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R., Jackson, William T., Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X., Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan V., Joe, Cheol O., Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V.W., Jones, Nicola L., Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K., Joubert, Annie M., Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kågedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H., Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H., Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A.K.W., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K., Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., King, Jason S., Kinsella, Timothy J., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T., Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C.B., Koch, Jan C., Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I., Flores, Juan B. 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S., Menon, Manoj B., Menzies, Fiona M., Mercer, Carol A., Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E., Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G., Meyer, Thomas F., Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, Michels, Paul A.M., Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K., Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M., Monteiro, Mervyn J., Moore, Michael N., Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I., Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C., Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E.-H., Müller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Münger, Karl, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O., Murphy, Maureen E., Musarò, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I., Narendra, Derek P., Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G., Neufeld, Thomas P., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D., Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L., Oliver, F. 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Ashutosh, Rathmell, Jeffrey C., Ravikumar, Brinda, Ray, Swapan K., Reed, Bruce H., Reed, John C., Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S., Reiners, John J., Reiter, Russel J., Ren, Jun, Revuelta, José L., Rhodes, Christopher J., Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizzo, Elizete, Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Hernan, Roccheri, Maria C., Rocchi, Stephane, Rodemann, H. Peter, Rodríguez de Córdoba, Santiago, Rohrer, Bärbel, Roninson, Igor B., Rosen, Kirill, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M., Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Rovetta, Francesca, Rubin, Brian P., Rubinsztein, David C., Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Rucker, Edmund B., Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryan, Kevin M., Ryter, Stefan W., Sabatini, David M., Sadoshima, Junichi, Saha, Tapas, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hoseini, Salomoni, Paolo, Salvaterra, Paul M., Salvesen, Guy, Salvioli, Rosa, Sanchez, Anthony M.J., Sánchez-Alcázar, José A., Sánchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sankar, Uma, Sansanwal, Poonam, Santambrogio, Laura, Saran, Shweta, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarwal, Minnie, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasnauskiene, Ausra, Sass, Miklós, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scharl, Michael, Schätzl, Hermann M., Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E., Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V., Schorderet, Daniel F., Schüller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K., Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O., Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J., Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M., Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J., Shelhamer, James H., Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S., Shore, Gordon C., Sibirny, Andriy A., Sidhu, Stan B., Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M., Simmons, Alison, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, Sinclair, David A., Singh, Rajat, Sinha, Debasish, Sinicrope, Frank A., Sirko, Agnieszka, Siu, Parco M., Sivridis, Efthimios, Skop, Vojtech, Skulachev, Vladimir P., Slack, Ruth S., Smaili, Soraya S., Smith, Duncan R., Soengas, Maria S., Soldati, Thierry, Song, Xueqin, Sood, Anil K., Soong, Tuck Wah, Sotgia, Federica, Spector, Stephen A., Spies, Claudia D., Springer, Wolfdieter, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M., Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S., Stendel, Ruediger, Stenmark, Harald, Stephanou, Anastasis, Stern, Stephan T., Sternberg, Cinthya, Stork, Björn, Strålfors, Peter, Subauste, Carlos S., Sui, Xinbing, Sulzer, David, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Zhi-Jun, Sung, Joseph J.Y., Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Toshihiko, Swanson, Michele S., Swanton, Charles, Sweeney, Sean T., Sy, Lai-King, Szabadkai, György, Tabas, Ira, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Takács-Vellai, Krisztina, Takano, Yoshitaka, Takegawa, Kaoru, Takemura, Genzou, Takeshita, Fumihiko, Talbot, Nicholas J., Tan, Kevin S.W., Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tanida, Isei, Tannous, Bakhos A., Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Graham S., Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, J. Paul, Terada, Lance S., Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Thevissen, Karin, Thompson, Craig B., Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tian, FengFeng, Tian, Yuan, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Tolkovsky, Aviva M., Tomino, Yasuhiko, Tönges, Lars, Tooze, Sharon A., Tournier, Cathy, Tower, John, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H., Tsai, Ting-Fen, Tschan, Mario P., Tsubata, Takeshi, Tsung, Allan, Turk, Boris, Turner, Lorianne S., Tyagi, Suresh C., Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Unni, Vivek K., Vaccaro, Maria I., Valente, Enza Maria, Van den Berghe, Greet, van der Klei, Ida J., van Doorn, Wouter G., van Dyk, Linda F., van Egmond, Marjolein, van Grunsven, Leo A., Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim P., Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vaquero, Eva C., Velasco, Guillermo, Vellai, Tibor, Vicencio, José Miguel, Vierstra, Richard D., Vila, Miquel, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., von Haefen, Clarissa, Votruba, Marcela, Wada, Keiji, Wade-Martins, Richard, Walker, Cheryl L., Walsh, Craig M., Walter, Jochen, Wan, Xiang-Bo, Wang, Aimin, Wang, Chenguang, Wang, Dawei, Wang, Fan, Wang, Fen, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jin, Wang, Ke, Wang, Mei, Wang, Richard C., Wang, Xinglong, Wang, Xiujie J., Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Zhen-Bo, Wang, Zhigang Charles, Wang, Zhinong, Wansink, Derick G., Ward, Diane M., Watada, Hirotaka, Waters, Sarah L., Webster, Paul, Wei, Lixin, Weihl, Conrad C., Weiss, William A., Welford, Scott M., Wen, Long-Ping, Whitehouse, Caroline A., Whitton, J. Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wileman, Tom, Wiley, John W., Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Roger L., Williamson, Peter R., Wouters, Bradly G., Wu, Chenghan, Wu, Dao-Cheng, Wu, William K.K., Wyttenbach, Andreas, Xavier, Ramnik J., Xi, Zhijun, Xia, Pu, Xiao, Gengfu, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xu, Da-zhi, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashita, Michiaki, Yan, Xianghua, Yanagida, Mitsuhiro, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Elizabeth, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Shi Yu, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Zhifen, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Tso-Pang, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yen, Wei-Lien, Yin, Jia-Jing, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yoo, Ook-Joon, Yoon, Gyesoon, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yorimitsu, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Yuko, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yoshimoto, Kohki, You, Ho Jin, Youle, Richard J., Younes, Anas, Yu, Li, Yu, Long, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Wai Haung, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Cheol-Heui, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Zacks, David, Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zakeri, Zahra, Zeh, Herbert J., Zeitlin, Scott O., Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhao, Mantong, Zhao, Yi-Fang, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Zhizhuang J., Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jürgen, and Zuckerbraun, Brian

Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.

Published
2012
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40. Viruses and the autophagy machinery

Author

Dreux, Marlène and Chisari, Francis V.

Abstract

Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles that plays an essential role in maintenance of homeostasis in response to starvation and other cellular stresses. Autophagy is also important for a variety of other processes including restriction of intracellular pathogen replication. Our understanding of the fascinating relationship between viruses and the autophagy machinery is still in its infancy but it is clear that autophagy is a newly recognized facet of innate and adaptive immunity against viral infection. Although the autophagy pathway is emerging as a component of host defense, certain viruses have developed strategies to counteract these antiviral mechanisms, and others appear to have co-opted the autophagy machinery as proviral host factors favoring viral replication. The complex interplay between autophagy and viral infection will be discussed in this review.

Published
2010
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41. Bortezomib Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Transgenic Mice

Author

Bandi, Prasanthi, Garcia, Mayra L., Booth, Carmen J., Chisari, Francis V., and Robek, Michael D.

Abstract

Pharmacological modulation of cellular proteins as a means to block virus replication has been proposed as an alternative antiviral strategy that may be less susceptible than others to the development of viral drug resistance. Recent evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway interacts with different aspects of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle in cell culture models of virus replication. We therefore examined the effect of proteasome inhibition on HBV replication in vivo using HBV transgenic mice. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) inhibits proteasome activity in vivo and is used therapeutically for the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma. We found that a single intravenous dose of 1 mg of bortezomib/kg of body weight reduced virus replication for as long as 6 days. The inhibition of HBV by bortezomib was dose dependent and occurred at a step in replication subsequent to viral RNA and protein expression. The reduction in HBV replication did not result from nonspecific hepatocellular toxicity and was not mediated indirectly through the induction of an intrahepatic interferon response. Thus, pharmacological manipulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.

Published
2010

42. The Pattern of Recurrence in Carcinoma Endometrium

Author

Prakasan, Aparna Mullangath, James, Francis V., Jagathnath Krishna, Kumarapillai M., Dhas, Minolin, Kumar, Aswin, Mathews, Susan, Joseph, John, and Sambasivan, Suchetha

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with recurrence in patients who underwent primary surgical management for carcinoma endometrium stage I to IVA. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of 642 patients who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy for carcinoma endometrium during the period January 2009 to December 2013 was performed. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LR-RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank test, univariate cox regression analysis, and multivariate analysis were conducted to find out the significance of different factors on outcome. Results: The five-year DFS of the study population was 82.1%, and LR-RFS was 93.2%. Age more than 60 yrs, high-grade tumor, advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, and negative PR status were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival for carcinoma endometrium in multivariate analysis. Locoregional relapse-free survival was affected by cervical stromal invasion, negative PR status, and the lack of adjuvant treatment. Conclusion: Traditional clinicopathological risk factors stage, grade, age, and lack of PR expression were predictive of recurrence and can guide us in deciding adjuvant treatment until newer molecular classifications are proved better.

Published
2022
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44. Pathogenic Role of B Cells in Anti-CD40-Induced Necroinflammatory Liver Disease

Author

Kimura, Kiminori, Moriwaki, Hisataka, Nagaki, Masahito, Saio, Masanao, Nakamoto, Yasunari, Naito, Makoto, Kuwata, Kazuo, and Chisari, Francis V.

Abstract

Activated B cells function in antibody production and antigen presentation, but whether they perform any pathophysiological functions at sites of inflammation is not fully understood. Here, we report that intravenous injection of an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (αCD40) causes a biphasic inflammatory liver disease in inbred mice. The late phase of disease was suppressed in B-cell-deficient mice and by the depletion of macrophages, but not T cells or natural killer cells. We also report that SCID mice were not susceptible to αCD40-induced liver disease unless they were reconstituted with normal B cells and that B cells as well as macrophages played key roles in αCD40-induced late phase of liver inflammation. Finally, liver disease and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the liver were mediated by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not by Fas. In conclusion, these results indicate that CD40 ligation can trigger a B-cell-mediated inflammatory response that can have pathogenic consequences for the liver.

Published
2006
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46. “Stress‐alleviating” and “vigilance‐enhancing” actions of Ginkgo bilobaextract (EGb 761)

Author

DeFeudis, Francis V. and Drieu, Katy

Abstract

This overview is focused on the stress‐alleviating and vigilance‐enhancing properties of Ginkgo bilobaextract (EGb 761) that have been observed in animal models and in humans and that appear useful in explaining the therapeutic effects of the extract on non‐cognitivebrain functions that may be reflective of mood changes. With regard to its stress‐alleviating activity, in rodents EGb 761 facilitates behavioral adaptation, decreases circulating levels of corticosterone, catecholamines, ACTH, and CRH, suppresses the expression of the mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptor of the adrenal cortex, increases the anxiolytic activity of diazepam, increases arousal by an action that may involve GABAAreceptor antagonism, induces anxiolytic‐like activity, prevents stress‐induced desensitization of hippocampal 5‐HT1Areceptors, suppresses the down‐regulationof hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and facilitates decision‐making. In humans, EGb 761 has vigilance‐enhancing effects that support its clinical use in treating disorders involving stress‐induced brain dysfunction and those non‐cognitive symptoms of dementia currently classified as “behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia” (BPSD). Collectively, these findings indicate that EGb 761 is useful for treating symptoms that are now classified as components of BPSD. As drug combinations consisting of EGb 761 and a non‐selective cholinesterase inhibitor, an antidepressant drug, or a neuroleptic could possibly be even more useful in treating BPSD, evaluation of such therapy is recommended. Drug Dev. Res. 62:1–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2004
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47. A SCOUTING PROGRAM IN A SCHOOL FOR MENTAL DEFECTIVES.

Author

Dedrick, Francis V.

Subjects
SCOUTING (Reconnaissance), INTELLECTUAL disabilities, PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities, INSTITUTIONAL care
Abstract

The article describes the scouting program for mental defectives at Newark State School in New York. It highlights the advantages offered by the scouting program. The article discusses how scouting programs build character and good citizenship. It emphasizes the value of scouting programs in a school for mental defectives.

Published
1941

49. Effects of <TOGGLE>Ginkgo biloba</TOGGLE> extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age-associated cognitive impairment

Author

DeFeudis, Francis V.

Abstract

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761), which contains many constituents, including flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide), is used to treat cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular insufficiency, as well as cognitive impairment and other symptoms of dementia. Recent studies have indicated that these therapeutic effects of EGb 761 probably involve modification of the expression of many genes by actions involving several of its active constituents. As examples: EGb 761 and its ginkgolide B constituent inhibit the expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the adrenal cortex and decrease circulating levels of corticosterone in the rat, effects that provide a mechanism for explaining the “antistress” action of the extract. Both the flavonoid and terpenoid constituents of EGb 761 decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), supporting an action of the extract of opposing the deleterious effects of excessive formation of NO. EGb 761 upregulates several genes that encode vital antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 and the regulatory and catalytic subunits of γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl synthetase. Dietary treatment of mice with EGb 761 upregulates the expression of genes encoding neuronal tyrosine/threonine phosphatase 1 and microtubule-associated tau in the cerebral cortex, findings that are of interest since these proteins are associated with the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles found in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Bilobalide upregulates two mitochondrial-DNA-encoded genes, subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase and subunit ND1 of NADH dehydrogenase, indicating a fundamental mechanism that may underlie EGb 761-induced neuroprotection. Collectively, such results indicate that the therapeutic effects of EGb 761 on cognitive impairment (dementia) may involve its action of altering gene expression. Drug Dev. Res. 57:214–235, 2002. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2002
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50. Effects of Ginkgo bilobaextract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age‐associated cognitive impairment

Author

DeFeudis, Francis V.

Abstract

Ginkgo bilobaleaf extract (EGb 761), which contains many constituents, including flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide), is used to treat cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular insufficiency, as well as cognitive impairment and other symptoms of dementia. Recent studies have indicated that these therapeutic effects of EGb 761 probably involve modification of the expression of many genes by actions involving several of its active constituents. As examples: EGb 761 and its ginkgolide B constituent inhibit the expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the adrenal cortex and decrease circulating levels of corticosterone in the rat, effects that provide a mechanism for explaining the “antistress” action of the extract. Both the flavonoid and terpenoid constituents of EGb 761 decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), supporting an action of the extract of opposing the deleterious effects of excessive formation of NO. EGb 761 upregulates several genes that encode vital antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase‐1 and the regulatory and catalytic subunits of γ‐glutamyl‐cysteinyl synthetase. Dietary treatment of mice with EGb 761 upregulates the expression of genes encoding neuronal tyrosine/threonine phosphatase 1 and microtubule‐associated tau in the cerebral cortex, findings that are of interest since these proteins are associated with the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles found in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Bilobalide upregulates two mitochondrial‐DNA‐encoded genes, subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase and subunit ND1 of NADH dehydrogenase, indicating a fundamental mechanism that may underlie EGb 761‐induced neuroprotection. Collectively, such results indicate that the therapeutic effects of EGb 761 on cognitive impairment (dementia) may involve its action of altering gene expression. Drug Dev. Res. 57:214–235, 2002. 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2002
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