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Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Single use plastic packaging is widely accepted to cause significant negative environmental impacts. One option to reduce these impacts is to develop commercially viable and socially acceptable reuse systems. Such closed loop packaging systems require careful consideration of reverse (or circular) logistics, financial modelling, and quality control (fulfilling legal requirements and ethical obligations). One of the most prominent barriers to the concept of reusable packaging for food is safety, dictated by challenges of effective cleaning and pack integrity assessment. This research directly addresses cleaning assurance by investigating the application of ultraviolet (UV) induced fluorescence imaging to optically detect residual food fouling on plastic packaging surfaces. This research reports for the first time the evaluation of UV fluorescence imaging @370 nm for the detection of food fouling on washed PET food pots. The technique is compared against the industry standard, adenosine triphosphate swabbing, and is found to provide a comparable range of sensitivity, full surface coverage, faster assessment, and is suitable for full automation without the use of consumables. The technique is evaluated with respect to integration into industrial process systems. Plastic packing design implications are discussed in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor widely used in food contact materials, has been linked to a worse health profile. This study intends to estimate the association between BPA exposure and cardiometabolic patterns at adolescence. Data from the Portuguese population-based birth cohort Generation XXI at the age of 13 were used (n = 2386 providing 3-day food diaries and fasting blood samples). BPA exposure was measured in 24-h urine from a subsample (n = 206) and then predicted in all participants using a random forest method and considering dietary intake from diaries. Three cardiometabolic patterns were identified (normal, modified lipid profile and higher cardiometabolic risk) using a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model. Multinomial regression models were applied to associate BPA exposure (lower, medium, higher) and cardiometabolic patterns, adjusting for confounders. The median BPA exposure was 1532 ng/d, corresponding to 29.4 ng/kg/d. Adolescents higher exposed to BPA (compared to medium and lower levels) had higher BMI z-score (kg/m2) (0.68 vs. 0.39 and 0.52, respectively; p = 0.008), higher levels of body fat (kg) (16.3 vs. 13.8 and 14.6, respectively; p = 0.002), waist circumference (76.2 vs. 73.7 and 74.9, respectively; p = 0.026), insulinemia (ug/mL) (14.1 vs. 12.7 and 13.1, respectively; p = 0.039) and triglyceridemia (mg/dL) (72.7 vs. 66.1 and 66.5, respectively; p = 0.030). After adjustment, a significant association between higher BPA and a higher cardiometabolic risk pattern was observed (OR: 2.55; 95%CI: 1.41, 4.63). Higher BPA exposure was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk pattern in adolescents, evidencing the role of food contaminants in health. • BPA exposure can be predicted by combining dietary intake and 24-h urine of a subsample. • BPA exposure in Portuguese adolescents was above the EFSA tolerable daily intake. • Higher exposure to BPA was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed rule to label two widely used PFAS chemicals, PFOA and PFOS, as "hazardous substances" under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The author argues that this rule will increase the success of plaintiffs in PFAS litigation by improving access to legal representation and resources, as well as addressing issues of causation in class action lawsuits and multidistrict litigations. The article provides information on what PFAS chemicals are, their prevalence in the environment and human bodies, and the health risks associated with exposure. It also discusses the history of PFAS litigation in the United States and the EPA's previous efforts to regulate PFAS contamination. [Extracted from the article]

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in biodegradable materials for sustainable food packaging applications. Biodegradable polymers offer an alternative to conventional plastics by undergoing decomposition into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. Synthetic biopolymers like PLA, PHAs, and bio-based polyesters as well as natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins have shown promise as substitutes for non-biodegradable packaging. These materials provide sustainability, waste reduction, and carbon neutrality benefits. However, inferior barrier properties, low heat resistance, poor mechanical strength, and high costs are limitations. Strategies like plasticization, blending, nanomaterial reinforcement, and multilayer composite structures have expanded biopolymer applicability for various foods. Biodegradation and life cycle assessment studies have demonstrated their environmental advantages over conventional plastics. Addressing remaining challenges in collection logistics, composting infrastructure, costs, and functional performance will be crucial for widespread commercial adoption. Recent advances make biopolymer packaging poised to make major contributions to sustainable development in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

People dealt with many new issues related to sustainable development goals. Different decisions oriented to sustainable food packing would be very useful, if they could bring significant effect through the reduction of CO2 emission. The paper focuses on sustainable food packing and its effect on reduction of freight transportation costs. This topic has many research gaps and requires theoretical and practical investigations. Integration of sustainability into long term process has clear implications for the environment. Meherishi et al. (2019) highlight that the process of creating sustainable packaging guarantees the optimal use of materials and energy and is efficiently regenerated without wasting of natural resources. The impact of food packaging on transportation is clear and depends on a number of factors, which are shaped by the characteristics of the food packaging. In addition, among benefits of sustainable food packaging are such main functions as product safety and its identification. Modern complex solutions covering sustainable packing and transport costs reduction are important for increasing environmental sustainability. The study aims to analyze the impact of packaging on the reduction of transport costs. The aim was reached by performing sustainable food packaging and its impact on the reduction of transport costs theoretical justification and by conducting biometric analysis. The overview of the literature of sustainable food packaging and its impact on the supply chain was conducted, and it was found that the food packaging described different types of packaging and new packaging technologies which have an impact on the supply chain and are determined by some factors related to the characteristics of food packaging and the nature of the supply chain. Equally the overview of literature on the transport of food dynamics and the role of transport costs reduction on sustainability was also conducted. It was found that there is a need to develop new technologies and methods for food management and CO2 emissions for longer transport routes reduction. Either the research was conducted by biometric analysis for 2022-2023 to identify current trends, and it was found that the number of analyzed articles, included four clusters, which show that topics are oriented to delivery, flow, algorithms, structure, and role. The bibliometry analysis results show that product packing has links with transport and delivery and algorithms. The authors provided investigations under the topic as it requires knowledge to fill the existing gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellence of nanotechnology paved the way for its application in the food industry recently. Several industrial initiatives are now working on developing nano-based food packaging to improve food quality and ensure its safety. Along with providing improved mechanical property and barrier system, it also intimates the current condition of a food product. The ultimate goal is to extend the shelf life of food products, which the use of nanostructures can accomplish. The fabricated nanostructure is designed to release preservatives such as antimicrobials, at times to improve the shelf life. Two key applications of nanotechnology in the food sector are to develop nanostructured materials for food packaging or processing and nanosensors to detect food spoilage. This review discusses the types of nanomaterials used for food packaging, the advantages of nanobased packaging over conventional methods, and provides an overview of the risk of nanoparticles on the biological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the problem of creating and implementing sustainable food packaging is forcing companies to implement innovations in this area. Changes in the approach to the production of sustainable packaging should take into account environmental, social and financial aspects. The introduction of modern technologies is becoming a natural part of companies' production processes. Awareness of ongoing changes in the spheres of production innovation, technology, IT and communication can contribute to the creation and implementation of sustainable food packaging. The aim of this article is to identify and define innovative activities of food companies in the creation and implementation of sustainable product packaging. The objective included refers to one of the United Nations' objectives - Goal 9: 9.B - Support technological development, research and innovation in developing countries through enabling policies. In addition to the objective, a research hypothesis was included and a research problem was defined. The research used the CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) interview method , and the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) method. The research tool used was a survey questionnaire. The research addressed, among other issues, the use of raw materials and materials used in the production of packaging, the impact of packaging on transport costs, packaging recycling activities and ways of placing information on packaging. The final section of the article discusses the results of the research and identifies recommendations for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter focuses on the occurrence of plastic constituents in food due to the contact with different types of plastic packaging, films and coatings. The type of mechanisms occurring during the contamination of food by different packaging materials are described, as well as how the type of food and packaging may influences the extent of contamination. The main types of contaminants phenomena are considered and comprehensively discussed, along with the regulations in force for the use of plastic food packaging. In addition, the types of migration phenomena and factors that may influence such migration are comprehensively highlighted. Moreover, migration components related to the packaging polymers (monomers and oligomers) and the packaging additives are individually discussed in terms of chemical structure, adverse effects on foodstuffs, health, migration factors, as well as regulated residual values of such components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Healthy' and 'ethical' food is one of the fastest-growing food trends around the world. Yet scholars in this journal have shown that what this means in many territories tends to be dominated by Western-centric concepts. They call for the need to decenter the dominant Euro-American and Anglo-centric food scholarship in order to throw light on these processes. To better understand food globalization, one must consider how regional history, culture, economics, and politics foster a complex dynamic of global-local and West-East flows. Aligning with these concerns, we analyze food packages from China marketed at a rapidly growing health and ethical food market. Using an in-depth qualitative method, Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis, we examine the discursive and material power of healthy and ethical food products as these are communicated through packaging designs, showing how these carry ideas, value, and identities. We explore how this might be understood in the context of where such designs target an emerging Chinese middle class, concerned about food integrity, but also who seek out distinction and modern cosmopolitanism. We ask how the ideas carried by the packages might shape and steer local understandings of healthy and ethical food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effectiveness and feasibility of cryogenic disinfectants in different cold scenarios and analyze the key points of on-site cryogenic disinfection. Qingdao and Suifenhe were selected as application sites for the manual or mechanical spraying of cryogenic disinfectants. The same amount of disinfectant (3,000 mg/L) was applied on cold chain food packaging, cold chain containers, transport vehicles, alpine environments, and article surfaces. The killing log value of the cryogenic disinfectant against the indicator microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was used to evaluate the on-site disinfection effect. When using 3,000 mg/L with an action time of 10 min on the ground in alpine regions, the surface of frozen items, cold-chain containers, and cold chain food packaging in supermarkets, all external surfaces were successfully disinfected, with a pass rate of 100%. The disinfection pass rates for cold chain food packaging and cold chain transport vehicles of centralized supervised warehouses and food processing enterprises were 12.5% (15/120), 81.67% (49/60), and 93.33% (14/15), respectively; yet, the surfaces were not fully sprayed. Cryogenic disinfectants are effective in disinfecting alpine environments and the outer packaging of frozen items. The application of cryogenic disinfectants should be regulated to ensure that they cover all surfaces of the disinfected object, thus ensuring effective cryogenic disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad & Empresa is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Illuminates the dynamics of stability in socio-technical systems by reviewing and advancing the concept of lock-ins. • Reviews deep and shallow material, institutional, behavioral and discursive lock-in mechanisms. • Analyzes the lock-ins and their interactions reinforcing single-use packaging over reusable alternatives. • Introduces archetypical interlock-ins and clusters of lock-ins. • Contributes to understanding the complexity of resistance to sustainability transitions. Lock-in mechanisms are major hurdles to sustainability transitions. Scholars identified various types of lock-ins; however, their dynamics and interactions remain underexplored. Using the case of food packaging, this study enhances the conceptual understanding and empirical analysis of lock-ins and their interactions from a socio-technical perspective. We analyze the material, institutional, behavioral, and discursive configuration and the shallow and deep lock-ins reinforcing the persistent dominance of single-use over reusable food packaging in Germany. Additionally, we explore the lock-in interactions both within and between the socio-technical elements. Hence, we introduce archetypical interlock-ins and lock-in clusters pointing to core trends of resistance towards reusable packaging alternatives. This study advances the lock-in concept for future socio-technical analyses while guiding the illumination of the complex dynamics of stability, the assessment of current sustainability transition interventions, and the search for potential unlocking strategies to enable change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recent advances for synthesizing food related compounds from C1 gas-derived resources. • Compounds are grouped into carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, food additives, and food packaging. • Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP) and the xylulose monophosphate pathway (XuMP), are termed as the most efficient C1-fixation pathways. • C1-based SCPs have shown potential in industrialization. • LCA & TEA of C1-carbohydrates, C1-lipids, and C1-food additives are still lacking. Upcycling the one-carbon (C1) gas-derived resources into food-related product offers a dual benefit, alleviating food shortages and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Powered by synthetic biology and cutting-edge technologies, the conversion of C1 resources into food-related products has become a reality. In this study, we present a state-of-the-art review for the synthesis of C1-based food-related products, broadly categorized as follows: (i) C1-to-carbohydates, (ii) C1-to-proteins, (iii) C1-to-lipids, (iv) C1-to-food additives, and (v) C1-to-food packaging. We assess the technological readiness level of each product category and identify the C1 fixation pathways and C1-based products with industrialization potential. We also address the bottlenecks and explore the opportunities within the less mature product categories. By revealing the existing knowledge gap, we emphasize the imperative of leveraging advanced technologies and collaborative efforts to address these challenges. Taken together, our work highlights the potential of upcycling C1 gas-derived resources in fostering future food system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently been attracting attention in various fields due to their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, water solubility, low toxicity, fluorescence, and photocatalysis. In particular, CQDs have functional properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV protection properties and are expected to be used for food packaging and food preservation purposes. Additionally, advanced analytical pathways have become possible with the advent of CQDs, a cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive tool for food safety assessment for the quantification of numerous contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and pathogens. This review provides an overview and perspective on advances in the use of CQDs for food safety and preservation. A detailed summary of the synthesis strategies, raw materials, functional properties, and characterization of CQDs was discussed. This review also covers cytotoxicity studies of CQDs and highlights their importance. The use of CQDs for detecting food contaminants and determining nutritional composition, quality preservation of fresh foods, and functional properties such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties were also highlighted. Additional discussion on the effectiveness of CQDs applied as active fillers for developing packaging materials effective in extending the shelf life of packaged foods was detailed. CQD applications for intelligent and active packaging to ensure food safety were also discussed. [Display omitted] • CQDs are attracting attention in the food industry due to their functionality, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. • CQDs have excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV protection properties. • CQDs are used to develop multifunctional active packaging films. • CQDs can be used to develop food sensors for intelligent packaging applications. • CQDs have a high potential for use for food preservation, secure safety, quality control, and shelf life extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, non-conventional sources of mucilage have gained significant attention due to their exceptional techno-functional properties and easy availability. This study aimed to utilize Cordia dichotoma fruit mucilage (CDM) for fabricating bioactive films to evaluate the shelf-life of bread. For the development of nanoemulsion, different concentrations of flaxseed oil (1–5% w/w) were employed. Selection was carried out based on droplet size, encapsulation efficiency, and antimicrobial activity. The selected nanoemulsion (CDM-FO1) was subsequently used to develop CDM-based films with the incorporation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA). Results revealed that the droplet size of the nanoemulsions was significantly increased from 101.25 ± 4.68 nm to 205.15 ± 7.14 nm with increasing flaxseed oil concentration. However, the addition of CMC and SA improved the tensile strength (13.97 ± 0.34 MPa) of the CDM-F11 film compared to control films CDM (6.98 ± 0.68 MPa) and CDM-FC (7.76 ± 1.65 MPa). The CDM-F11 film exhibited excellent barrier properties compared to the control film. The control film showed higher yeast and mold growth, starting at 0.84 ± 0.57 Log CFU/g on the 3rd day and increased to 3.12 ± 0.39 Log CFU/g by the 9th day. In contrast, the CDM-FC film demonstrated better antimicrobial properties, with microbial growth at 0.52 ± 0.39 Log CFU/g on the 3rd day and 2.84 ± 0.38 Log CFU/g on the 9th day. Overall, CDM film loaded with flaxseed oil nanoemulsion can be effectively used as a sustainable food packaging material with enhanced antimicrobial efficiency for bread preservation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in bioplastic-based degradable and sustainable packaging film and in this regard, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) can be a good choice owing to similar flexibility to commonly used traditional plastic. Even though poly butylene adipate-co-terephthalate is promising as an alternative, it lacks many desirable properties such as working as a barrier, mechanical strength, transparency, and functionality for active food packaging systems. Therefore, adding functional fillers can be helpful to achieve this goal. The nanoceria and metakaolin are known as active ingredients, and adding these fillers in PBAT film is expected to enhance the physical and functional properties. The functional packaging film made with PBAT was produced by mixing the solution and casting it. The addition of fillers nanoceria (CeO 2 NPs) and metakaolin (MK) has improved the film's mechanical characteristics, hydrophobicity, and barrier qualities significantly. Moreover, the antimicrobial resistance properties towards Gram-negative and positive bacterial strains also increased pointedly. Therefore, the PBAT packages for food can greatly benefit from the use of functional packaging film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space is the final frontier and mankind has long desired to explore the vast expanse of the universe in the pursuit of finding new worlds. The need for nutritious and long-lasting food during deep space missions have however, been an impediment to this quest. Although challenging, researchers from different public and private space organizations and institutes have come together striving hard to develop food processes, product quality and safety protocols for advancing the field of space foods. Even NASA has proposed nanomaterial-based packaging to preserve space foods longer than 5 years. Therefore, a fresh outlook is required on processing and packaging technologies currently adopted for the preparation of space foods. This review provides an overview of the inception of space foods followed by its physico-chemical and microbiological quality considerations, and processing and packaging technologies. The market opportunities available for space foods has also been covered highlighting the major players in the space food processing sector. Literature review indicates that freeze-drying has been used as a space food preservation technology of choice for years, but the combination of high-pressure processing and thermal treatment is now gaining attention due to its potential in extending the shelf life of space foods upto 5 years. Besides, 3D printing has also emerged as an economically viable technology for producing more nutritious and organoleptically appealing space foods. Currently, the major constraint for space food research is simulating the environment of space for testing food processes and packaging materials which could be explored. [Display omitted] • Space foods are required to have a shelf life of 5 years or more for deep space missions. • Space foods should be compact, easy to consume, micronutrient rich and palatable. • The combination of high pressure and thermal treatment can preserve space foods longer. • 3D printing can produce nutrient rich and organoleptically appealing space food. • Testing of packaging and food processes under simulated space environment is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend films (CP) and phenylalanine (PA) incorporated active films (CPPA) by adopting a simple solvent casting method. The influence of PA on the physicochemical and biological properties of the CMC/PVA polymer matrix was studied. The compact SEM micrographs and FTIR spectra reveal effective interaction among PA and CMC/PVA. CPPA active films demonstrated 34.93 ± 1.24 MPa tensile strength, surpassing traditional polyethene (PE) (10–16 MPa) plastics. The CPPA active films exhibited remarkable UV and water barrier properties, as evidenced by enhanced water contact angle results. The moisture adsorption capacity and oxygen permeability of CPPA active films were reduced by 84.54% and 64.27% respectively, compared to CP film. In addition, the CPPA active films portrayed concurring antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans food-borne pathogens and exhibited improved DPPH radical scavenging activity, suggesting efficient antioxidant ability to prevent oxidative spoilage of food. These outcomes of CPPA active films comply with the fundamental needs of active packaging materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is an edible halophyte known for its rich and complex chemical composition. It has emerged as a novel research interest across multiple scientific fields, extending beyond its traditional uses in food and agriculture. This review explores the significant polyphenolic content and other diverse bioactive compounds in sea fennel, which exhibit promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties relevant to food packaging applications. These properties enhance food preservation and support the development of active and intelligent packaging solutions. Recent studies have demonstrated that films and coatings infused with sea fennel extracts can significantly extend the shelf life of perishable goods, in some cases increasing longevity by up to 50% compared to controls. As the industry moves towards environmentally sustainable practices, sea fennel is recognized as an ideal candidate for developing biodegradable films and coatings. This review investigates the current research landscape, highlights the unique applications of sea fennel bioactives in active packaging systems, compares their effectiveness with other natural compounds, and outlines potential future research directions. Exploring sea fennel bioactive compounds is within the broader trend of leveraging plant-derived materials to address ecological and safety concerns in food packaging, pointing towards a pathway for more sustainable technologies. [Display omitted] • Sea fennel is a Mediterranean halophyte known for its diverse bioactive properties. • Incorporating sea fennel as an active ingredient in food packaging is novel, showing potential beyond traditional uses. • Extracts from this plant provide antioxidant and antimicrobial qualities for food preservation. • The bioactive components of sea fennel support sustainable, active food packaging trends. • Its potential in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics expands applications beyond food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of functional films with both antibacterial and preservative properties is crucial to ensure food safety. Herein, porous carbon nitride-chitosan/zein (PCN-CS/ZN) bilayer active films were developed via layer-by-layer deposition method. The incorporation of PCN into the inner CS layer imparted the bilayer films with efficient photocatalytic antibacterial activity. The bilayer structure featuring a moisture absorption inner layer (PCN-CS) and a moisture barrier outer layer (ZN), allowed tuning of the water barrier performance. The addition of the ZN layer increased the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) and decreased the water vapor permeability (WVP, CS side), moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS) and swelling degree (SD) of the CS film. Addition an appropriate amount of PCN was able to further increase the TS and decrease the WVP (CS side), MC, WS, and SD of the bilayer films. Antibacterial experiments confirmed that the addition of PCN photocatalyst significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the bilayer films against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The banana fruits covered with 10% PCN-CS/ZN bilayer films had a long shelf life, with no obvious deterioration observed over 10 days under visible light at room temperature (about 32 °C). Therefore, PCN-CS/ZN bilayer films represent a promising low-cost food packaging material with good functional properties. [Display omitted] • PCN-CS/ZN bilayer functional films were successfully prepared. • The bilayer films exhibit a tunable water barrier function. • The addition of PCN enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to develop a plant-derived compounds (PDCs)/chitosan (CS)/gelatin (GL) packaging lining film with high inhibitory activity against the contamination of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in concentrated apple juice. The PDCs with high anti - Z. rouxii activity were selected from 19 PDCs for pairwise combining, and the combination with synergistic anti - Z. rouxii effect was selected to prepare nanoemulsion. Then, the effect of PDCs emulsion on mechanical and anti - Z. rouxii properties of CS/GL film was investigated. Finally, the prepared PDCs/CS/GL film was used as packaging lining to explore the preservation effect on concentrated apple juice. The results showed that the combination of trans -cinnamaldehyde and geraniol (4:6, v/v) presented the highest synergistic anti - Z. rouxii effect (the value of fractional inhibitory concentration index equaling 0.25). Addition of trans -cinnamaldehyde-geraniol nanoemulsion reduced mechanical properties of CS/GL film, but improved anti - Z. rouxii activity. The CS/GL film containing 1.5 % (v/v) trans -cinnamaldehyde-geraniol nanoemulsion showed high anti - Z. rouxii activity and did not affect the quality of concentrated apple juice, which could be used as a packaging lining for preservation of concentrated apple juice. The PDCs/CS/GL packaging lining film prepared in this work not only presented an enduring and effective inhibitory effect on Z. rouxii contamination in concentrated apple juice, but also avoided the influences of trans -cinnamaldehyde and geraniol on the quality of concentrated apple juice, which provided a new idea for the development of food preservation packaging film. • Anti- Z. rouxii film was prepared as packing liner of concentrated apple juice (CAJ). • Trans -Cinnamaldehyde-geraniol (TCG) showed synergistic anti - Z. rouxii activity. • The film component content was optimized to achieve optimum mechanical property. • TCG reduced the mechanical property of film, but improved anti - Z. rouxii activity. • The film showed high anti - Z. rouxii activity without affecting the quality of CAJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are advantageous in food packaging due to their mechanical strength, flexibility, and low-cost nature. However, their prolonged degradation is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative food packaging systems. To this end, nature-derived materials such as milk proteins provide a viable solution. In this study, sodium caseinate (SC) based nanobiocomposite films were developed with the incorporation of halloysite nanoclay (HS) and geraniol essential oil (GR). The films exhibited reduced moisture content (from 13.47% ± 0.84%–7.85% ± 0.72%), water solubility (from 20.55% ± 0.80%–9.47% ± 1.06%), water vapor transmission rate (from 84.50 ± 8.06 to 37.33 ± 6.46 g h−1m−2) and increased surface hydrophobicity (contact angle from 53.27 ± 2.97 to 82.70 ± 1.42 °) compared to pure SC films. The films were uniform with a semi-crystalline microstructure and an increase in the β-sheet to α-helix ratio was observed due to the increase in the loading concentration of HS and GR. Adding HS and GR improved the mechanical properties, and Young's modulus increased from 69.85 ± 6.12 to 110.12 ± 6.99 MPa. The films demonstrated potent antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The SC/HS/GR dispersions could extend the shelf-life of capsicum fruits by reducing weight loss and color change and maintaining firmness. Overall, this research highlights the potential of milk protein-based films incorporated with halloysite and geraniol as sustainable and effective solutions for active food packaging applications. [Display omitted] • Nanocomposites have been prepared from sodium caseinate, halloysite, and geraniol. • Contact angle of films improved with the addition of halloysite and geraniol. • Young's modulus of films improved with the addition of halloysite and geraniol. • Coatings improved the shelf-life parameters of capsicum fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are the prime concern since they cause post-harvest decay in fruits such as strawberries; the fungi motivate the need for new antifungal agents. Among all these nanoparticles, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) show the most promising results for their use in food packaging applications. Lemon carbon quantum dots (LCQD), which is derived from lemon juice, and onion carbon quantum dots (OCQD), which is derived from onion juice, were synthesized using the one-step hydrothermal method. The synthesized materials were then characterized using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. LCQD and OCQD solutions were applied to fresh strawberries for the purpose of conducting studies on weight loss, decay, and shelf-life extension. The antifungal activity of both CQDs was assessed against Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., Candida albicans , Aspergillus sp., and Botrytis cinerea using the agar-well diffusion technique. The obtained average size was 4.33 ± 1.67 nm for LCQDs and 3.34 ± 1.72 nm for OCQDs. Strawberries packaged with OCQDs and LCQDs showed weight loss of 5.21% ± 1.03% and 8.14% ± 1.09% on the fourth day of observation, respectively, against 18.71% ± 2.2% by control. On the same day, the decay rate for OCQDs was 11%, 40% for LCQDs, and 96.65% for control. Both exhibited antifungal activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 12.6 to 44.5 mm for various fungi. OCQD exhibits higher activity packaging compared to LCQD due to their smaller size and superior antifungal activity against a variety of fungi. [Display omitted] • Green synthesis of LCQD and OCQD from lemon and onion juices by hydrothermal method. • The physicochemical characteristics of both LCQD and OCQD were investigated. • Strawberries packaged with OCQD and LCQD experienced a lower weight loss and decay rate. • OCQD packaging outperforms LCQD due to smaller size and superior antifungal activity. • LCQDs and OCQDs exhibit antifungal action against various fungus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konjac glucomannan-gelatin (KGM-GEL) based electrospun nanofibrous films are promising materials for food packaging but suffer from high hydrophilicity and weak mechanical properties. To overcome these limitations, KGM-GEL-based nanofibrous films were reinforced using polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers as a crosslinking layer via two-step electrospinning technique. The results show that the bilayer nanofibrous films composed of PCL nanofibers and KGM-GEL nanofibers display a homogenous morphology. Additionally, FTIR and X-ray diffraction analysis shows that physicochemical properties of each biopolymer are preserved in bilayer nanofibrous films. The hydrophobicity of KGM-GEL-based nanofibers is improved dramatically with PCL nanofibers as indicated by water contact angle (WCA) and WVP measurement. All bilayer nanofibrous films have achieved improvements in mechanical properties and thermal stability. It can be concluded that crosslinking with biocompatible synthetic polymers PCL nanofibrous films is an effective pathway for the preparation of natural biopolymers-based nanofibrous films with improved properties, which may be a promising material for food packaging. • Novel bilayer nanofibrous films (KGM-GEL/PCL) were fabricated through electrospinning. • Bilayer nanofibrous films display a homogenous morphology. • Bilayer nanofibrous films show enhanced mechanical property and hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of the packaging materials applied (shrink foil, copolymer coating and food wax) in combination with Lacticaseibacillus casei CCDM 198 microbial strain on biochemical, microbiological and textural properties of Dutch-type cheese during ripening (at 12 ± 1 °C for 168 days). A multivariate principal component analysis method based on a correlation matrix was employed to evaluate the relationships between basic chemical properties, textural and microbiological parameters, biogenic amine and free amino acid contents in relation to the packaging material used and the length of the ripening time. The use of different packaging materials did not have a significant effect on the salt content, fat content, and pH values, whereas significant differences were observed for dry matter content and textural properties development. The presence of Lacticaseibacillus casei CCDM 198 strain accelerated proteolysis in all samples. Shrink foil and food wax had similar effects on the development of biogenic amine content during ripening, while considerable differences were observed for the samples wrapped in copolymer coating. Copolymer coating in combination with Lacticaseibacillus casei CCDM 198 strain was able to reduce biogenic amine content by up to 28% after 168 days. • Dutch-type cheeses with adjunct strains and various packaging materials were produced. • Packaging material influenced dry matter content and textural properties. • Lacticaseibacillus casei CCDM 198 accelerated proteolysis in all samples. • Copolymer coating and Lacticaseibacillus casei CCDM 198 successfully reduced biogenic amine content in cheese samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant fibers are the most widely focused materials these days to promote the utilization of natural and renewable biomaterials. Utilization of cellulosic-based nanomaterials derived from plant fibers finds a wide range of engineering applications. Due to the many appealing properties of nanocellulose-based composites, they have recently emerged as one of the most notable green materials. They have shown greater potential in various fields of advanced engineering such as biomedical, construction, and food packaging applications. Based on the analysis of the most recent investigations, new developments in the preparation, modification, and emerging applications of nanocellulose-based materials are described in this review. Since nanocellulose exists in several forms such as nanocrystalline cellulose, bacterial nanocellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose, they can render environmentally friendly bio nanocomposites with exceptionally good material properties. Accordingly, an overview of fundamental ideas in nanocellulose-based bio nanocomposites for environment-friendly applications is provided in this review. Overview of the derivatives of the nanocellulose with regards to their chemical structure, various methods of extracting nanocellulose from multiple sources, techniques for fabricating nanocellulose-based green composites, and the properties of nanocellulose-based composites are comprehensively discussed. Additionally, the novel and anticipated markets for nanocellulose products as well as the use of nanocellulose in nanocomposites in a variety of application industries are also highlighted. The LCA of nanocellulose composites at three stages including the assessment of NC sources, NC isolation techniques, and NC composite manufacturing is addressed, to promote the economy and sustainability aspects of the nanocellulose-based products. The issues, challenges, and opportunities of nanocellulose-based materials are also discussed at the end of the review. This review serves as a guide for materialists and researchers who are seeking a prospective and systematic review of nanocellulose and its derivative materials. [Display omitted] • Nanocellulose offers exceptional properties for a wide range of reinforcement applications. • This review comprehensively explores nanocellulose extraction, modification, fabrication techniques for composites. • Nanocellulose-reinforced composites demonstrate remarkable potential in various industries. • Life cycle assessment and opportunities for commercialization are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable solution to the rampant environmental pollution is vital to the improvement of quality of life on earth. The utilization of renewable resources and waste materials for environmental remediation promotes a circular economy. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a category of novel carbon nanoparticles, carry tremendous prospects for a wide range of applications due to their extraordinary physical and optical properties. They can be easily synthesized through cost-effective routes from a variety of biomass sources, further helping in more efficient management of different agro-industrial waste materials. Recently, the attention has shifted to the use of biomass-derived CQDs for environmental pollution remediation, with a greater emphasis on contaminated water resource treatment and the fabrication of eco-friendly food packaging materials. They have been studied for environmental applications including photocatalytic degradation, sensing, forward osmosis and adsorption. In addition, the use of CQDs as nanofillers in biopolymer nanocomposites enhance the mechanical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of biodegradable food packaging. They also act as biomass derived UV adsorbents that slow down food degradation through photooxidation. This review aims to provide an insight into the synthesis of CQDs from different biomass sources, their subsequent surface modification and application in environmental remediation and biodegradable packaging applications. An up-to date literature regarding the same has been presented in this review. [Display omitted] • Biomass derived CQDs carry immense potential for environmental remediation. • Synthetic methods amalgamating top-down and bottom-up approaches overcome low yield. • CQD's unique properties enable sensing and removal of environmental pollutants. • Ideal as nanofillers in antimicrobial, antioxidant, biodegradable food packaging. • Optimized synthesis conditions and surface modifications refine CQD's properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional plastics are widely present in the ocean as marine plastic debris. This in-situ study investigates the degradability and fragmentation of seven common conventional plastics (PET, PVC, PS, EPS, PP, HDPE, and LDPE) in natural marine environments over a 40-day period. All plastics showed significant chemical changes and oscillating plastic oxidation levels, indicating the synergistic processes of oxidation and removal of oxidation products. Polystyrenes and polymers with heteroatoms showed the largest degradation potentials, while pure polyolefins exhibited the highest fragmentation risks. SEM images suggest potentials of EPS and pure polyolefins in generating microplastic fragments, and polymers with heteroatoms in generating nanoplastic fragments. PS did not exhibit any surface degradation signs, potentially due to enhanced crystallinity through oxidation. The findings highlight the need for reduced usage of EPS and pure polyolefins which are commonly applied as disposable utensils and food packaging, and prioritized cleanup of these polymers to reduce microplastic pollution in the environment. [Display omitted] • Significant chemical changes occur at plastic micro-surfaces in 40 days. • Oscillating oxidation level suggests fast kinetics in early plastic degradation. • Polystyrenes demonstrate the largest degradation potentials among polymers. • Pure polyolefins and EPS pose the highest risks for generating microplastics. • Only PS does not show fragmentation risk but the potential to biodegrade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pressurized Soaking Impregnation Method combines the main advantages of supercritical solvent impregnation and the soaking casting technique. This work studied the impregnation of poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co3-hydroxy-valerate) (PHB-HV) sheets with mango leaf extracts using this method for its future use as active packaging. The influence of temperature (35–55 ºC), pressure (10, 20–30 MPa), and depressurization rate (0.1–5 MPa/min) on the impregnation loads, antioxidant capacities, and mechanical properties of the impregnated samples were evaluated. In addition, the morphological characteristics, colour characterization, and release of active compounds in a food simulant of the PHB-HV samples impregnated at 30 MPa were analysed. The results showed higher impregnation loads (7.66 % wt.) at 30 MPa, 55 ºC, and a slow depressurization rate (0.1 MPa/min). However, the impregnation of antioxidant compounds did not show the expected behaviour, reaching values lower than 3 %. In addition, the samples that were impregnated at 30 MPa showed colour differences that were perceptible to the human eye. A non-homogeneous distribution of impregnation, cracks, and pores on the surface were also observed. The release study in the D1 food simulant showed good agreement with the Peleg model and a quasi-Fickian diffusion behaviour according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The contact time study in the impregnation at 30 MPa, 35 ºC and 0.1 MPa/min revealed a slight increase in antioxidant capacity after six hours. Furthermore, samples with a more homogeneous colour distribution were obtained. • Novel PSI method successfully impregnates PHB-HV films with mango leaf extract. • Pressure and temperature have a significant effect on the PHB-HV films properties. • Higher impregnation loads were obtained at 30 MPa, 55 ºC and slow depressurization. • Release study confirms alignment with Peleg model and exhibits quasi-Fickian diffusion. • Impregnation contact time enhances antioxidant capacity and colour homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Search for alternatives to synthetic plastics led to the development of eco-friendly degradable polymers of natural origin termed 'bioplastic' which is a sustainable option to reduce the reliance on fossil fuel resources and address the needs of pressing environmental problems. Food packaging has become an important aspect of supply chain management that not only governs the food from spoilage but also contributes to a sensible biocompatible material, safe for human consumption as there is a recent concern on microplastic leaching. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), derived from microorganisms, are extensively used as a polymeric base for packaging applications in food industries as they offer advantages such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, hydrophobicity, thermoplasticity, and superior barrier properties, thereby making them a promising alternative to conventional synthetic plastics. However, challenges related to material properties, performance, and cost of the product must be addressed for PHA to make it an economical and feasible packaging material. Recent developments in PHA formulations in terms of technology, additives, and production factors have led to improvement in the polymer properties and beaconed the advent of active packaging. PHA-based packaging systems can redefine food industry packaging, turning it from a passive physical entity into an active solution that sustainably ensures food quality and safety. This review examines the sustainable microbial production of PHA from waste resources, recent advancements in PHA formulations, and their impact on material properties. It highlights emerging trends in active food packaging with PHA, such as controlled-release, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, advanced barrier properties and spoilage indicators. [Display omitted] • Sustainable bio-production of PHA through microbial fermentation. • Strategies to enhance the PHA synthesis by microbial candidates are explored. • The emerging trends in active food packaging associated with PHA have been emphasized. • Safety and regulatory aspects of PHA-based packaging have been emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted considerable attention because of its excellent properties compared to petroleum-based materials. However, improving its toughness, crystallization, and functionalities is challenging. Using a laboratory internal batch mixer, we produced unique blended nanocomposites comprising polylactic acid (PLA) as the host matrix, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as the plasticizer, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as the reinforcements. The SEM-EDS test showed that neat PLA had a smooth surface, but the PLA-ZnO nanocomposite had rough micrographs and a uniform dispersion state of the nanoparticles. It was also found that adding ESO to the blend nanocomposites created a matrix droplet structure, and the size of the oil domains decreased as the ZnO content increased. All results derived from FTIR, XRD, and DSC tests were consistent with the morphological features in which ZnO NPs acted as the blend's compatibilizer and heterogeneous nucleating agent. Our team observed that adding ESO decreased the PLA-ZnO nanocomposites' glass transition temperature (T g) by an average of 2 °C and increased the crystallization rate. It was also confirmed that the presence of ESO improved the flexibility and reduced the strength of the PLA. The tensile strength was further enhanced by incorporating ZnO into the blend. Adding 5 wt% of ZnO NPs increased the tensile strength of the PLA containing 10 wt% ESO by approximately 3.5 MPa. Furthermore, the tensile modulus was predicted using theoretical models; for example, the Paul model fitted with experimental findings. The addition of ESO increased the overall surface free energy of the nanocomposites. On the other hand, increasing ZnO content resulted in high contact angles and antibacterial properties of the blended nanocomposites. The favorable characteristics of the resulting films emphasized the potential use of these nanocomposite films as a promising choice for food packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical development of protein-enhanced foods in Great Britain and how they were marketed by food manufacturers to convince consumers that protein was essential to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It focuses particularly on Plasmon and Emprote – the two biggest brands of the early twentieth century – and uses multimodal critical discourse analysis to identify how semiotic resources are used to embed products in scientific rationality, promote health discourses and develop concepts of masculinity in accordance with the two strands of the physical culture movement. It argues that, just as today, food manufacturers capitalized upon the growing middle-class interest in functional foods and presented protein as an "elixir" that consumers should take to safeguard their health, the health of their families and the state of the nation. Overall, this study demonstrates that, even with today's strict legislation on food packaging and advertising, protein food manufacturers still use similar techniques to sell their products. In gaining a better understanding of the historical use of semiotic resources in food advertising, we can assess the legitimacy of current food regulations and ensure that people make informed choices when shopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]