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It is widely accepted that humans exposed to known concentrations of ozone under controlled conditions exhibit reversible changes that affect the large and small airways as well as the alveolar region of the lung. Among the reversible changes, the induction of inflammatory responses in the lung are of major concern.Many of the cell types found in the lining of the nasopharyngeal region are similar to cells of the tracheal and bronchial lining. Therefore, it has been suggested that the cellular responses in the nose to toxicants are likely to be similar to the lower airway at the same dose of the agent. If these pollutants are respiratory irritants, capable of causing cellular damage, effects may therefore be detected in the nasal passage. Experimental studies have shown that the inflammatory response in the nose may be predictive for the situation in the lung.In this paper we described the results of a feasibility study on the use of nasal lavage for epidemiological studies. Nasal lavages were performed in 12 volunteers, 5-7 times per volunteer during 2 months. Polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMN's), immune mediators and markers for exudation were monitored in the nasal lavage (NAL). It was found that the procedure of the nasal lavage technique was minimally invasive, very well tolerated and no adverse side effects were observed. The leukocytes, the proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detectable in NAL of most volunteers, while tryptase IgE and IL-6 were not detectable. Exudation markers albumin, urea and uric acid were also detectable. The coefficient of variance (CV) values of the various cells and mediators varied between 13% and 137%. It was calculated that, except for the number of leukocytes and the concentration of ECP, it should be possible to detect ozone effects with a study- protocol of 6 repeated measurements among 35 children and an assumed 26% increase in cells or mediators per 100 μg O3per m3. To measure increase in leukocytes number or in ECP concentration more children are needed.In conclusion, this pilot study has shown that it is possible to measure relevant biomarkers in NAL, and that these assays can be easily incorporated in epidemiological studies

So far my records. From this time the remaining pupæ were taken to a room not heated, and gradually emerged hele, which they would probably have done at about the same time had they never been taken to a warmed room.

I have often read articles about keeping parasites out of cabinets, and have seen in many entomological papers different remedies suggested to keep them from destroying, in a very short time, even the largest collection. I will now add my own experience, and remedy which always proved to be efficient during my 14 years' collecting, in which time I have not even lost one specimen. It will especially prove of interest to the beginner. In the first place I would advise all those who cannot afford a large cabinet with good fitting drawers, to go to any good joiner and have some boxes made after the following pattern: Take the lumber about three-sixteenth inch thick for top and bottom, for the sides quarter of an inch. Have the box about 15 inches long by 12 inches wide, and 4 inches thick outside measure, and shape it book form, the bottom and top a quarter of an inch projecting. That portion which represents the cover of the book is cut into lengthwise, so as to make two receptacles, each about two inches high.

Brotis vulnerariaH?b.This moth appears to be the only one of its genus so far known in the United States.Head small, yellowish red, almost hidden between the large and prominent eyes, which are naked; palpi medium, slender, lighter colored; thorax long, covered with long fine hair; abdomen much shorter than the anal margin and Hesperi-shaped. Posterior wings elongated, costa straight, somewhat curved at apex, outer margin straight, inner margin somewhat rounded. on anterior wings the anal margin is longer than upper and outer margin, the latter being strongly rounded.

C. aurella, ?, new var.Primaries and thorax light gray, strongly shaded with yellow; h. p. and t. p. line with t. a. line very distinct; teeth below U somewhat rounded; reniform indistinct; subreniform distinct; a broad, pale, tancolored line (outside of white shading of t. p. line) running parallel with t. p. line.Secondaries bright yellow; median band black, narrow, even, not reaching inner margin, marginal band broad, black with a slight yellow tinge; fringes dirty white; abdomen ochre-yellow.

Head light green, around which is a ring of bright fine yellow granulations. Body light green whitish at the dorsal region; a whitish subdorsal line on each side running from caudar horn to third segment, also a dorsal green line running from caudal horn to 3rd segment, where they both become indistinct. Under side and legs chocolate brown, prolegs brack, with a narrow white band near base. Caudal horn thin, slightly curved forward, flanked at base with bright yellow. Stigmata on first, and from third to tenth segments, dark blue. Length about two inches. Larva finely granulated with white. It is found from middle of June to end of July. Of these, some of the earliest larvæ will, after pupating, hatch within about two weeks, (the balance staying over till next spring) which will deposit their eggs and also grow to maturity towards the latter part of September; so that the larvæ may be found almost continually from June to October. The eggs are small, round and green, and hatch in about ten days; they are found on the under side of the leaves of Symphoricarpus, Lonicera(different species), and Triosteum perfoliatum, its food plants.