46 results on '"Fedewa, Stacey A."'
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2. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Distress, Depression, and Quality of Life in people with hemophilia
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Buckner, Tyler W., Parks, Sara Guasch, Tran, Duc Q., Cafuir, Lorraine, Antun, Ana G., Mattis, Shanna, and Kempton, Christine L.
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Hemophilia-related distress (HRD) has been shown to be higher among those with lower educational attainment, but potential racial/ethnic differences have not been previously described. Thus, we examined HRD according to race/ethnicity. This cross-sectional study was a planned secondary analysis of the hemophilia-related distress questionnaire (HRDq) validation study data. Adults aged ≥ 18 years with Hemophilia A or B were recruited from one of two hemophilia treatment centers between July 2017-December 2019. HRDq scores can range from 0–120, and higher scores indicate higher distress. Self-reported race/ethnicity was grouped as Hispanic, non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB). Unadjusted and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine mediators of race/ethnicity and HRDq scores. Among 149 participants enrolled, 143 completed the HRDq and were included in analyses. Approximately 17.5% of participants were NHB, 9.1% were Hispanic and 72.0% were NHW. HRDq scores ranged from 2 to 83, with a mean of 35.1 [standard deviation (SD) = 16.5]. Average HRDq scores were significantly higher among NHB participants (mean = 42.6,SD = 20.6; p-value = .038) and similar in Hispanic participants (mean = 33.8,SD = 16.7, p-value = .89) compared to NHW (mean = 33.2,SD = 14.9) participants. In multivariable models, differences between NHB vs NHW participants persisted when adjusting for inhibitor status, severity, and target joint. However, after household income was adjusted for, differences in HRDq scores were no longer statistically significant (β = 6.0 SD = 3.7; p-value = .10). NHB participants reported higher HRD than NHW participants. Household income mediated higher distress scores in NHB compared to NHW participants, highlighting the urgent need to understand social determinants of health and financial hardship in persons with hemophilia.
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- 2024
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3. Screening for Colorectal Cancer in the United States: Correlates and Time Trends by Type of Test.
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Shapiro, Jean A., Soman, Ashwini V., Berkowitz, Zahava, Fedewa, Stacey A., Sabatino, Susan A., de Moor, Janet S., Clarke, Tainya C., Doria-Rose, V. Paul, Breslau, Erica S., Jemal, Ahmedin, and Nadel, Marion R.
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Background: It is strongly recommended that adults aged 50-75 years be screened for colorectal cancer. Recommended screening options include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, guaiac fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), or the more recently introduced FIT-DNA (FIT in combination with a stool DNA test). Colorectal cancer screening programs can benefit from knowledge of patterns of use by test type and within population subgroups. Methods: Using 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, we examined colorectal cancer screening test use for adults aged 50-75 years (N = 10,595). We also examined time trends in colorectal cancer screening test use from 2010-2018. Results: In 2018, an estimated 66.9% of U.S. adults aged 50-75 years had a colorectal cancer screening test within recommended time intervals. However, the prevalence was less than 50% among those aged 50-54 years, those without a usual source of health care, those with no doctor visits in the past year, and those who were uninsured. The test types most commonly used within recommended time intervals were colonoscopy within 10 years (61.1%), FOBT or FIT in the past year (8.8%), and FIT-DNA within 3 years (2.7%). After age-standardization to the 2010 census population, the percentage up-to-date with CRC screening increased from 61.2% in 2015 to 65.3% in 2018, driven by increased use of stool testing, including FIT-DNA. Conclusions: These results show some progress, driven by a modest increase in stool testing. However, colorectal cancer testing remains low in many population subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States in 2018 and 2019, with a Focus on Smoking Cessation.
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Bandi, Priti, Minihan, Adair K., Siegel, Rebecca L., Islami, Farhad, Nargis, Nigar, Jemal, Ahmedin, and Fedewa, Stacey A.
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Cancer prevention and early detection efforts are central to reducing cancer burden. Herein, we present estimates of cancer risk factors and screening tests in 2018 and 2019 among US adults, with a focus on smoking cessation. Cigarette smoking reached a historic low in 2019 (14.2%) partly because 61.7% (54.9 million) of all persons who had ever smoked had quit. Yet, the quit ratio was <45% among lower-income, uninsured, and Medicaid-insured persons, and was <55% among Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, lower-educated, lesbian, gay or bisexual, and recent immigrant persons, and in 12 of 17 Southern states. Obesity levels remain high (2017-2018: 42.4%) and were disproportionately higher among Black (56.9%) and Hispanic (43.7%) women. HPV vaccination in adolescents 13 to 17 years remains underutilized and over 40% were not up-to-date in 2019. Cancer screening prevalence was suboptimal in 2018 (colorectal cancer =50 years: 65.6%; breast =45 years: 63.2%; cervical 21-65 years: 83.7%), especially among uninsured adults (colorectal: 29.8%; breast: 31.1%). This snapshot of cancer prevention and early detection measures was mixed, and substantial racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persisted. However, gains could be accelerated with targeted interventions to increase smoking cessation in under-resourced populations, stem the obesity epidemic, and improve screening and HPV vaccination coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Lung Cancer Screening Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Bandi, Priti, Smith, Robert A., Silvestri, Gerard A., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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- 2022
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6. Sex-Differences in Distress, Quality of Life, and Depression Among People with Hemophilia
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Guasch Parks, Sara, Fedewa, Stacey, Buckner, Tyler, Antun, Ana G, Cafuir, Lorraine, Tran, Duc Q, Mattis, Shanna, and Kempton, Christine L
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- 2022
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7. Characteristics Associated with Receipt of Immune Tolerance Induction Among Patients with Severe Hemophilia a in the United States in the Pre-Emicizumab Era
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Kempton, Christine L, Fedewa, Stacey, and Payne, Amanda B
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- 2022
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8. Characteristics Associated with Receipt of Immune Tolerance Induction Among Patients with Severe Hemophilia a in the United States in the Pre-Emicizumab Era
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Kempton, Christine L, Fedewa, Stacey, and Payne, Amanda B
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- 2022
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9. Sex-Differences in Distress, Quality of Life, and Depression Among People with Hemophilia
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Guasch Parks, Sara, Fedewa, Stacey, Buckner, Tyler, Antun, Ana G, Cafuir, Lorraine, Tran, Duc Q, Mattis, Shanna, and Kempton, Christine L
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- 2022
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10. Shared decision making and prostate-specific antigen based prostate cancer screening following the 2018 update of USPSTF screening guideline
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Jiang, Changchuan, Fedewa, Stacey A., Wen, Yumeng, Jemal, Ahmedin, and Han, Xuesong
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Background: Previous study reported shared decision making was underused in PSA-based prostate cancer screening. In mid-2018, the US Preventive Service Task Force recommended shared decision making (SDM) before PSA-based prostate cancer screening among men aged 55–69 year while remained against PSA testing in men aged 70 or older. The objective of this study is to examine recent changes in SDM and prostate cancer screening following recent USPSTF recommendations. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study among men aged 50 years or older were conducted using 2015 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey data (n= 10,926). Outcomes included self-reported PSA testing for prostate cancer screening last year, and if yes, whether respondent ever had a discussion with the healthcare provider about its advantages and disadvantages. Analyses were stratified by respondent’s age (50–54 vs. 55–69 vs. 70+). Results: Routine PSA screening rates remained stable from 34.3% in 2015 to 35.4% in first half of 2018, and 36.0% in second half of 2018 (ptrend = 0.57). A similar pattern was found in men ≥70 years (ptrend = 0.98). Receipt of SDM increased in men aged ≥50 years from 30.5% in 2015 to 33.6% in first half of 2018, and 36.7% in second half of 2018 (ptrend = 0.002). The increase was most prominent in men aged 55 to 69 years (31.6, 36.9, and 40.2% in 2015, first half of 2018 and second half of 2018 respectively; ptrend = 0.001). Conclusions: Between 2015 and 2018, there was no significant increase in the PSA-based prostate cancer screening. However, a significant increasing trend in SDM was observed, especially in men aged 55–69 years.
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- 2021
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11. Defining the impact of immune tolerance induction on clinically relevant outcomes in a US cohort of severe hemophilia A
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Kempton, Christine L. and Fedewa, Stacey A.
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•Immune tolerance induction was associated with less bleeding, less health care use, less chronic pain, and improved function.•Immune tolerance induction was not associated with unemployment or mortality.
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- 2024
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12. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Patients with Different Histologic Types of Kidney Cancer.
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Gansler, Ted, Fedewa, Stacey A., Flanders, W. Dana, Pollack, Lori A., Siegel, David A., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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Background: Cigarette smoking is causally linked to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, associations for individual RCC histologies are not well described. Newly available data on tobacco use from population-based cancer registries allow characterization of associations with individual RCC types. Methods: We analyzed data for 30,282 RCC cases from 8 states that collected tobacco use information for a National Program of Cancer Registry project. We compared the prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of cigarette smoking (current vs. never, former vs. never) among individuals diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 with clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, renal collecting duct/medullary carcinoma, cyst-associated RCC, and unclassified RCC. Results: Of 30,282 patients with RCC, 50.2% were current or former cigarette smokers. By histology, proportions of current or formers smokers ranged from 38% in patients with chromophobe carcinoma to 61.9% in those with collecting duct/medullary carcinoma. The aPRs (with the most common histology, clear cell RCC, as referent group) for current and former cigarette smoking among chromophobe RCC cases (4.9% of our analytic sample) were 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.67] and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.95), respectively. Other aPRs were slightly increased (papillary RCC and unclassified RCC, current smoking only), slightly decreased (unclassified RCC, former smoking only), or not significantly different from 1.0 (collecting duct/medullary carcinoma and cyst-associated RCC). Conclusions: Compared with other RCC histologic types, chromophobe RCC has a weaker (if any) association with smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Prevalence and correlates of non-tissue prostate cancer diagnosis in the United States.
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Aksenov, LeonidI., Gansler, Ted, Sineshaw, Helmneh M., Fedewa, Stacey, Yabroff, K. Robin, Jemal, Ahmedin, and Moul, Judd
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Given the potential complications of prostate biopsies, it is sometimes reasonable in selected patients to make a non-tissue diagnosis of prostate cancer. Little is known about prevalence and factors associated with non-tissue prostate cancer diagnoses in the United States. We identified 40 to 99-year-old prostate cancer patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥20 ng/ml from the 2010–2015 National Cancer Database. Associations were examined between non-tissue prostate cancer diagnosis and age, race, clinical T (cT) and M (cM) categories, PSA, and Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI) with multivariable analyses. Among 62,635 patients, 6.2% had a non-tissue diagnosis. The proportion of patients with non-tissue diagnoses increased with advanced age (from 0.9% in ages 40–49 to 44.0% in ages 90–99) and disease stage (cT and cM) and higher CCI and PSA level. Demographic and clinical characteristics statistically significantly associated (all P <.001) with non-tissue diagnosis in adjusted analyses were older age (OR = 24.24, 90 to 99 vs. 60 to 69 years), and higher cT (OR = 4.83; T4 vs. T1), cM (OR = 5.25, M1C vs. M0), CCI (OR = 2.07; 3+ vs. 0), and PSA levels (OR = 3.19, >97.9 ng/ml vs.20 to 39 ng/ml), as well as hormonal therapy (OR = 0.51, with vs. without). Non-tissue diagnosis of prostate cancer, while rare, is not outside normal clinical practice and is strongly associated with advanced patient age, higher clinical stage, multiple comorbidities, and very high PSA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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14. Current Prevalence of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States: Disparities by Education and Race/Ethnicity.
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Sauer, Ann Goding, Siegel, Rebecca L., Jemal, Ahmedin, and Fedewa, Stacey A.
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Overall cancer death rates in the United States have declined since 1990. The decline could be accelerated by eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities in major risk factors and screening utilization. We provide an updated review of the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors, screening, and vaccination for U.S. adults, focusing on differences by educational attainment and race/ethnicity. Individuals with lower educational attainment have higher prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors and lower prevalence of screening versus their more educated counterparts. Smoking prevalence is 6-fold higher among males without a high school (HS) education than female college graduates. Nearly half of women without a college degree are obese versus about one third of college graduates. Over 50% of black and Hispanic women are obese compared with 38% of whites and 15% of Asians. Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening utilization is 20% to 30% lower among those with
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- 2019
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15. Characteristics Associated with the Success of Immune Tolerance Induction Among People with Severe Hemophilia a in the United States
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Fedewa, Stacey, Payne, Amanda B., Cafuir, Lorraine, Tran, Duc Quang, Antun, Ana G., and Kempton, Christine
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Introduction:Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is the only treatment to eradicate inhibitors in people with severe hemophilia A with inhibitors (PwSHAi). An earlier study reported lower receipt of ITI treatment in non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic compared to NH White PwSHAi (Kempton CL, 2022). Since risk of inhibitor development is greater among Black and Hispanic persons with hemophilia, it has been hypothesized that race and ethnicity may impact the success of ITI. Limited studies have evaluated this hypothesis. This study examined the success of ITI by race and ethnicity among PwSHAi in the Community Counts (CC) Registry between 2013-2017 in the United States (US).
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- 2023
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16. Risk Factors for Joint Bleeding in Severe Hemophilia a and B: Analysis of the Community Counts Longitudinal Surveillance Cohort
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Manco-Johnson, Marilyn, Acharya, Suchitra, Ahuja, Sanjay, Chitlur, Meera, Citla Sridhar, Divyaswathi, Fedewa, Stacey, Isaac, Daniel, Kulkarni, Roshni, Schieve, Laura, Sharathkumar, Anjali A., Le, Binh, and Soucie, Mike
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Background: One of the most devastating complications of Hemophilia A or B (HemA, HemB) is end-stage joint damage characterized by chronic pain and functional disability. Joint bleeding is the best predictor of joint damage in hemophilia. A wide range of new therapeutics from extended half-life factor (EHL) concentrates to non-factor therapies such as factor VIII mimetics, hemostatic rebalancers and gene therapy have been recently approved or are in late-stage clinical trials that hold the promise of decreased joint disease in severe hemophilia.
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- 2023
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17. Reporting of Race and Ethnicity and Representation in Hemophilia Clinical Trials
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Fedewa, Stacey, Valentino, Leonard, Abouyabis, Abeer N., Cafuir, Lorraine, Tran, Duc Quang, Antun, Ana G., and Kempton, Christine
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Background: Racial and ethnic representativeness in clinical trials is a crucial step to mitigate disparities in outcomes. In 2017, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final ruling requiring trial sponsors to report race/ethnicity data to the clinicaltrials.gov registry. Black and Hispanic persons are underrepresented in clinical trials for several diseases, including hematologic malignancies (Hantel, Luskin et al. 2021). However, the reporting and representation of race and ethnicity for hemophilia interventional trials is unknown. Congenital Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder for which there have been significant treatment advances leading to substantial gains in life expectancy and improvements in quality of life for those with access to treatment. The aims of the current study are to assess 1) the frequency of race and ethnicity reporting; and 2) the racial and ethnic distribution of participants in interventional clinical trials enrolling persons with hemophilia (PwH).
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- 2023
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18. Most Gleason 8 Biopsies are Downgraded at Prostatectomy—Does 4 + 4 = 7?
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Gansler, Ted, Fedewa, Stacey, Qi, Robert, Lin, Chun Chieh, Jemal, Ahmedin, and Moul, Judd W.
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PROSTATECTOMY ,REGRESSION analysis ,GLEASON grading system ,PROSTATE cancer ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Purpose Nonrepresentative biopsy sampling of prostate cancers with a biopsy Gleason score of 8 can adversely influence decisions regarding androgen deprivation in men receiving primary radiation therapy. The frequency of and factors associated with downgrading Gleason 8 biopsies at prostatectomy are not well known. Materials and Methods We used records from NCDB (National Cancer Database), a hospital based registry in the United States, of 72,556 men with prostate cancer diagnosed from 2010 to 2013, including 5,474 with Gleason 8 biopsies and no other high progression risk criteria according to NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network®) Guidelines®. The prevalence of Gleason 8 downgrading was calculated. Generalized estimating equation multivariable regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios and 95% CIs of downgrading by demographic and clinical factors, and evaluate the association of Gleason 8 downgrading with cT (clinical T) to pathological T category up staging. Results Of 5,474 Gleason 8 biopsies in men lacking other high progression risk criteria 3,263 (60%) were downgraded, changing the progression risk category from high to intermediate. A higher prevalence of Gleason 8 downgrading was significantly and independently associated with decreasing age, African American race, lower cT category, lower prostate specific antigen quartile and certain combinations of primary and secondary Gleason grades (3 + 5 greater than 4 + 4 greater than 5 + 3). Gleason 8 downgrading in cases of cT less than 3 was independently and significantly associated with a lower prevalence of up staging (prevalence ratio = 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.69). Conclusions Downgrading Gleason 8 biopsies is common. Patient evaluation based on Gleason 8 biopsies often results in overestimating progression risk and disease extent, which may lead to overtreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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19. Epidemiology and Demographics of the Head and Neck Cancer Population
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Cohen, Natasha, Fedewa, Stacey, and Chen, Amy Y.
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Head and neck malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that cause significant morbidity to those affected. These malignancies are associated with specific risk factors and exposures, some of which impact prognosis. The most common risk factors for developing head and neck cancers are tobacco and alcohol use. Marijuana and e-cigarettes, occupational exposures, and use of topical substances have also been linked to head and neck cancers. Human papilloma virus has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer. Such measures as oral hygiene, screening, smoking cessation, and vaccination are measures taken to decrease the incidence and morbidity of head and neck cancers.
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- 2018
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20. Proportion of Never Smokers Among Men and Women With Lung Cancer in 7 US States
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Siegel, David A., Fedewa, Stacey A., Henley, S. Jane, Pollack, Lori A., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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- 2021
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21. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hemophilia-Related Distress
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Fedewa, Stacey, Buckner, Tyler, Tran, Duc Q, Cafuir, Lorraine, Antun, Ana G, Mattis, Shanna, and Kempton, Christine L
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- 2022
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22. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hemophilia-Related Distress
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Fedewa, Stacey, Buckner, Tyler, Tran, Duc Q, Cafuir, Lorraine, Antun, Ana G, Mattis, Shanna, and Kempton, Christine L
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- 2022
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23. Why Is Cancer of the Small Intestine Increasing?
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Fedewa, Stacey A.
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- 2022
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24. Updated Review of Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Use of Screening Tests for Cancer in the United States.
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Sauer, Ann Goding, Siegel, Rebecca L., Jemal, Ahmedin, and Fedewa, Stacey A.
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Much of the suffering and death from cancer could be prevented by more systematic efforts to reduce tobacco use and obesity, improve diet, and increase physical activity and use of established vaccines and screening tests. Monitoring the prevalence of cancer risk factors and preventive tests helps guide cancer prevention and early detection efforts. We provide an updated review, using data through 2015, of the prevalence of major risk factors, cancer screening, and vaccination for U.S. adults and youth. Cigarette smoking among adults decreased to 15.3% in 2015 but remains higher among lower socioeconomic persons (GED: 34.1%, graduate degree: 3.7%), with considerable state variation (Utah: 9.1%, Kentucky: 26.0%). The prevalence of obesity among both adults (37.7%) and adolescents (20.6%) remains high, particularly among black women (57.2%), and ranges from 20.2% (Colorado) to 36.2% (Louisiana) among adults. Pap testing remains the most commonly utilized cancer screening test (81.4%). While colorectal cancer screening has increased, only 62.6% are up-to-date with recommendations. Cancer screening is lowest among the uninsured and varies across states. Despite some improvements, systematic efforts to further reduce the suffering and death from cancer should be enhanced. Continued investment in surveillance of cancer prevention and early detection metrics is also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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25. Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography in the United States—2010 to 2015
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Jemal, Ahmedin and Fedewa, Stacey A.
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- 2017
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26. Temporal Trends in Colorectal Cancer Screening among Asian Americans.
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Sauer, Ann Goding, Siegel, Rebecca L., Smith, Robert A., Torre, Lindsey A., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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Asian Americans (AA) are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), with a widening disparity for some AA subgroups in the early 2000s. Whether these patterns have continued in more recent years is unknown. We examined temporal trends in colorectal cancer screening among AA overall compared with NHWs and by AA subgroup (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, South Asian, Vietnamese) using data from the 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys. Unadjusted (PR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios for colorectal cancer screening, accounting for sociodemographic, health care, and acculturation factors, were calculated for respondents ages 50 to 75 years (NHW n = 60,125; AA n = 6,630). Between 2003 and 2009, colorectal cancer screening prevalence increased from 43.3% to 64.6% in AA (P ≤ 0.001) and from 58.1% to 71.4% in NHW (P ≤ 0.001). Unadjusted colorectal cancer screening was significantly lower among AA compared with NHW in 2003 [PR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-0.82], 2005 (PR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.84), 2007 (PR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.96), and 2009 (PR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97), though disparities narrowed over time. After adjustment, there were no significant differences in colorectal cancer screening between the two groups, except in 2003. In subgroup analyses, between 2003 and 2009, colorectal cancer screening significantly increased by 22% in Japanese, 56% in Chinese, 47% in Filipino, and 94% in Koreans. In our study of California residents, colorectal cancer screening disparities between AA and NHW narrowed, but were not eliminated and screening prevalence among AA remains below nationwide goals, including the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing colorectal cancer screening prevalence to 70.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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27. Outcomes From More Than 1 Million People Screened for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose CT Imaging
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Silvestri, Gerard A., Goldman, Lenka, Tanner, Nichole T., Burleson, Judy, Gould, Michael, Kazerooni, Ella A., Mazzone, Peter J., Rivera, M. Patricia, Doria-Rose, V. Paul, Rosenthal, Lauren S., Simanowith, Michael, Smith, Robert A., and Fedewa, Stacey
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Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging was recommended in 2013, making approximately 8 million Americans eligible for LCS. The demographic characteristics and outcomes of individuals screened in the United States have not been reported at the population level.
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- 2023
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28. Trends and Predictors of Chemotherapy Use among Thyroid Cancer Patients in the National Cancer Database (2004-2013)
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Jemal, Ahmedin, and Chen, Amy Y.
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Background/Aim:Beginning in 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) for medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs), and in 2013 MKIs were approved for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). However, little is known about the use of chemotherapy in thyroid cancer patients. Thus, the goal of our study was to describe patterns of chemotherapy use, including MKIs, among DTC and MTC patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods:Chemotherapy use, along with other treatment types (surgery and radiation), was assessed between 2004 and 2013. The primary predictor was the year of diagnosis (2004-2010 and 2011-2013), based on the FDA's approval of chemotherapy for MTC (2011). Baseline use of MKIs in DTCs in 2013 was also examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of receipt of chemotherapy. Results:Overall, 199,654 patients were included in our analytic sample with 194,667 nonmetastatic DTCs, 1,633 metastatic DTCs, and 3,354 MTCs. Among MTCs, chemotherapy use significantly increased from 3.1% in 2004-2010 to 5.0% in 2011-2013 (p = 0.018) in unadjusted and adjusted (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.36) analyses. In metastatic DTCs, 4.9% of patients received chemotherapy in 2013, which was not significantly higher than in previous years (p = 0.755). Conclusions:Overall, chemotherapy use among MTCs increased marginally following the FDA's approval of MKIs in 2011, although their use remains very low. MKIs were infrequently used in metastatic DTCs in 2013. Future studies examining patterns of chemotherapy in thyroid cancer patients are warranted.
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- 2016
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29. Trends and Predictors of Chemotherapy Use among Thyroid Cancer Patients in the National Cancer Database (2004-2013)
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Jemal, Ahmedin, and Chen, Amy Y.
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Background/Aim:Beginning in 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) for medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs), and in 2013 MKIs were approved for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). However, little is known about the use of chemotherapy in thyroid cancer patients. Thus, the goal of our study was to describe patterns of chemotherapy use, including MKIs, among DTC and MTC patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods:Chemotherapy use, along with other treatment types (surgery and radiation), was assessed between 2004 and 2013. The primary predictor was the year of diagnosis (2004-2010 and 2011-2013), based on the FDA's approval of chemotherapy for MTC (2011). Baseline use of MKIs in DTCs in 2013 was also examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of receipt of chemotherapy. Results:Overall, 199,654 patients were included in our analytic sample with 194,667 nonmetastatic DTCs, 1,633 metastatic DTCs, and 3,354 MTCs. Among MTCs, chemotherapy use significantly increased from 3.1% in 2004-2010 to 5.0% in 2011-2013 (p = 0.018) in unadjusted and adjusted (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.36) analyses. In metastatic DTCs, 4.9% of patients received chemotherapy in 2013, which was not significantly higher than in previous years (p = 0.755). Conclusions:Overall, chemotherapy use among MTCs increased marginally following the FDA's approval of MKIs in 2011, although their use remains very low. MKIs were infrequently used in metastatic DTCs in 2013. Future studies examining patterns of chemotherapy in thyroid cancer patients are warranted.
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- 2016
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30. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Hospitalization and Kidney Transplantation Among Waitlisted End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
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Newman, Kira L., Fedewa, Stacey A., Jacobson, Melanie H., Adams, Andrew B., Zhang, Rebecca, Pastan, Stephen O., and Patzer, Rachel E.
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Analysis of USRDS and SRTR listings, hospitalization and transplantation data shows that Black and Hispanic patients are more likely to be hospitalized and less likely to be transplanted, controlling for hospitalization rates. Supplemental digital content is available in the text.
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- 2016
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31. Prostate Cancer Incidence Rates 2 Years After the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations Against Screening
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Jemal, Ahmedin, Ma, Jiemin, Siegel, Rebecca, Fedewa, Stacey, Brawley, Otis, and Ward, Elizabeth M.
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- 2016
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32. State-Level Cancer Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States
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Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Goding Sauer, Ann, Siegel, Rebecca L., Miller, Kimberly D., Islami, Farhad, Fedewa, Stacey A., Jacobs, Eric J., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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IMPORTANCE: State-specific information about the health burden of smoking is valuable because state-level initiatives are at the forefront of tobacco control. Smoking-attributable cancer mortality estimates are currently available nationally and by cancer, but not by state. OBJECTIVE: To calculate the proportion of cancer deaths among adults 35 years and older that were attributable to cigarette smoking in 2014 in each state and the District of Columbia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The population-attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking was computed using relative risks for 12 smoking-related cancers (acute myeloid leukemia and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx; esophagus; stomach; colorectum; liver; pancreas; larynx; trachea, lung, and bronchus; cervix uteri; kidney and renal pelvis; and urinary bladder) from large US prospective studies and state-specific smoking prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The PAF of cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking in each US state and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: We estimate that at least 167 133 cancer deaths in the United States in 2014 (28.6% of all cancer deaths; 95% CI, 28.2%-28.8%) were attributable to cigarette smoking. Among men, the proportion of cancer deaths attributable to smoking ranged from a low of 21.8% in Utah (95% CI, 19.9%-23.5%) to a high of 39.5% in Arkansas (95% CI, 36.9%-41.7%), but was at least 30% in every state except Utah. Among women, the proportion ranged from 11.1% in Utah (95% CI, 9.6%-12.3%) to 29.0% in Kentucky (95% CI, 27.2%-30.7%) and was at least 20% in all states except Utah, California, and Hawaii. Nine of the top 10 ranked states for men and 6 of the top 10 ranked states for women were located in the South. In men, smoking explained nearly 40% of cancer deaths in the top 5 ranked states (Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky). In women, smoking explained more than 26% of all cancer deaths in the top 5 ranked states, which included 3 Southern states (Kentucky, Arkansas, and Tennessee), and 2 Western states (Alaska and Nevada). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The proportion of cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking varies substantially across states and is highest in the South, where up to 40% of cancer deaths in men are caused by smoking. Increasing tobacco control funding, implementing innovative new strategies, and strengthening tobacco control policies and programs, federally and in all states and localities, might further increase smoking cessation, decrease initiation, and reduce the future burden of morbidity and mortality associated with smoking-related cancers.
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- 2016
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33. Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Use of Screening Tests for Cancer in the United States.
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Sauer, Ann Goding, Siegel, Rebecca L., and Jemal, Ahmedin
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The article discusses prevalence of cancer risk factors and use of screening tests for the same in the U.S. It states that deaths and suffering due to cancer can be prevented by efforts like tobacco use reduction, obesity reduction, and increasing physical activity. It mentions importance of monitoring prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening in prevention and early detection efforts.
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- 2015
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34. Association of Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity With Treatment and Survival in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Cancer
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Roche, Ansley M., Fedewa, Stacey A., and Chen, Amy Y.
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IMPORTANCE: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a relatively rare neoplasm of the thyroid but accounts for 14% of thyroid cancer–related deaths. Female sex, young age, and stage at presentation have been found to predict survival and treatment. However, patterns of survival and treatment by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity have not been fully described. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity are associated with survival and treatment in patients with MTC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data for 1647 patients with MTC from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011, in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registry were examined. Data analysis was conducted from June 1, 2013, to July 31, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Differences in receipt of thyroidectomy and lymph node examination by race/ethnicity were examined using logistic regression models. Overall and disease-specific survival were examined by race/ethnicity using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Of the 1647 patients with MTC were 1192 white (72.4%), 139 black (8.4%), 222 Hispanic (13.5%), and 94 other races/ethnicities (5.7%). Of these, 1539 (93.4%) underwent surgical treatment. There were no differences in receipt of thyroidectomy by race/ethnicity; however, black patients (adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.93) and female patients (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99) were less likely to undergo lymph node examination compared with non-Hispanic white and male patients. Black patients had lower overall (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.45-3.98) and disease-specific survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.64-5.14) compared with non-Hispanic white patients. CONCLUSIONS AND REVELANCE: In this population-based study of patients with MTC, black patients were less likely to have lymph node examination following surgery. Furthermore, Hispanic and black patients had poorer overall and disease-specific survival compared with non-Hispanic white patients after accounting for clinical factors. Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the type of treatment as well as outcomes in patients with MTC.
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- 2016
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35. Five- and 10-Year Cause-Specific Survival Rates in Carcinoma of the Minor Salivary Gland
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Baddour, H. Michael, Fedewa, Stacey A., and Chen, Amy Y.
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IMPORTANCE: Previous studies of prognostic factors of carcinoma of the minor salivary gland (MSG) have been limited to single-institution studies and small case series. Thus, limited data are available to guide the head and neck oncologist in counseling patients on the prognosis and management of these malignant neoplasms. OBJECTIVE: To examine 5- and 10-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates of MSG carcinomas across all histologic subtypes and head and neck tumor subsites. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective, population-based study using National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from January 1, 1988, through December 31, 2009. The study included 5334 patients diagnosed as having MSG carcinoma and registered in the SEER database. Patients without follow-up, diagnostic confirmation, and/or race designation were excluded from the analysis (131 [2.4%]). Final follow-up was completed on December 31, 2009, and data were analyzed from August 5, 2013, to July 1, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Five- and 10-year CSS rates for US patients with MSG carcinoma. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Among the 5334 patients with MSG carcinoma included, the most common histologic subtypes included mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1568 [29.4%]), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1228 [23.0%]), and adenocarcinoma (1313 [24.6%]). The most frequent sites of primary tumor were the oral cavity (3132 [58.7%]) and pharynx (1130 [21.2%]). Five-year CSS rate was significantly worse for MSG malignant neoplasms located in the larynx (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.67-3.50) and nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.29-2.32). Being older than 75 years was associated with a significantly worse 5-year CSS rate (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.05-4.06). Compared with no surgery, local tumor destruction (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.64), partial surgery (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.23-0.47), and total surgery (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.74) were each found to be a significant positive prognostic factor. No differences were observed in the 5-year hazard of death for race/ethnicity, sex, diagnosis year, or socioeconomic status, and 10-year adjusted HRs were similar to the 5-year patterns. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study, to date, represents the largest US survival analysis of carcinoma of the MSG. Prognosis is associated with histologic subtype, tumor subsite, age at diagnosis, grade, and surgical therapy.
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- 2016
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36. Disparities in the Early Adoption of Chemoimmunotherapy for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the United States.
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Flowers, Christopher R., Fedewa, Stacey A., Chen, Amy Y., Nastoupil, Loretta J., Lipscomb, Joseph, Brawley, Otis W., and Ward, Elizabeth M.
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The article discusses a study which aims to described the clinical and demographic features of patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) who received combination of chemoimmunotherapy, assess the differences between patients with DLBCL who received chemoimmunotherapy and those who did not and examine time trends in the use of chemoimmunotherapy for patients with DLBCL. It suggests for appropriate and beneficial services to cancer patients based on scientific knowledge.
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- 2012
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37. Treatment of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Evidence From the National Cancer Database, 2003 to 2007.
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Fedeli, Ugo, Fedewa, Stacey A., and Ward, Elizabeth M.
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BLADDER cancer treatment ,CANCER invasiveness ,MORTALITY ,DATABASES ,DRUG therapy ,AGE factors in disease ,MEDICAL statistics - Abstract
Purpose: We describe nationwide treatment patterns of muscle invasive bladder cancer, investigated determinants of cystectomy and provide contemporary trends in process of care measures in patients undergoing cystectomy. Materials and Methods: We selected 40,388 patients 18 to 99 years old diagnosed with muscle invasive (stages II to IV) bladder cancer in 2003 to 2007 from the National Cancer Database. Treatment included cystectomy, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, chemotherapy without surgery and radiation therapy. In patients undergoing cystectomy we retrieved the procedure type (partial vs radical), lymphadenectomy extent and 30-day followup. Cystectomy determinants were assessed by Poisson regression with robust error variance. Perioperative mortality was analyzed by multilevel logistic regression. Results: The proportion of patients treated with cystectomy (42.9%) and radiation therapy (16.6%) remained stable with time while the incidence of those who received chemotherapy increased from 27.0% in 2003 to 34.5% in 2007 due to an increase in neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemotherapy without surgery. The cystectomy rate decreased with age and was lower in racial/ethnic minorities (especially black patients), uninsured or Medicaid patients, patients residing in the South and Northeast, and those treated at nonteaching/research hospitals. The partial cystectomy rate decreased and lymphadenectomy extent increased with time. The perioperative mortality rate was 2.6% and it was higher at low vs very high volume hospitals (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.26–2.32). Conclusions: Recent nationwide data confirm ongoing improvements in process of care measures in patients who undergo cystectomy but also show marked differences in treatment patterns for muscle invasive bladder cancer by patient age, race, insurance status, geographic area and facility type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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38. The association of insurance and stage at diagnosis among patients aged 55 to 74 years in the National Cancer Database.
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Ward, Elizabeth M., Fedewa, Stacey A., Cokkinides, Vilma, and Virgo, Katherine
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Prior studies have demonstrated that individuals without health insurance are less likely to have a usual source of health care and receive preventive services including cancer screening and are more likely to be diagnosed at late stages of cancer. To examine the potential impact of health care reform on stage at diagnosis, we analyzed the relationship between stage at diagnosis and insurance status for patients who were nearly elderly (55-64 years old) and younger elderly (65-74 years old). We examined patients diagnosed with 8 common cancers from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2007, using data from the National Cancer Database, a hospital-based cancer registry jointly sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the American College of Surgeons, which includes approximately 70% of all malignant cancers in the United States treated at 1400 facilities throughout the United States. Cancer site-specific multivariable log binomial models were used to generate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for advanced stage of disease at diagnosis (stage III or IV vs stage I) by insurance category, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and area level education. The final analytic cohort contained 843,177 patients. For each cancer site, uninsured and Medicaid-insured patients had the highest proportion of American Joint Committee on Cancer stages III and IV cancers at diagnosis, and those with private insurance and Medicare plus supplemental insurance the lowest. Risk ratios (95% CI) for uninsured patients compared with privately insured patients were 1.75 (1.64-1.86) for prostate, 1.12 (1.11-1.14) for lung/bronchus, 2.08 (1.98-2.17) for breast, 1.25 (1.22-1.27) for colorectal, 1.51 (1.40-1.64) for uterine corpus, 1.91 (1.73-2.12) for urinary bladder, 1.80 (1.62-2.01) for melanoma, and 1.37 (1.24-1.51) for thyroid cancers. Lower RRs (95% CI) observed for patients with Medicare coverage alone were 1.23 (1.17-1.29) for prostate, 1.05 (1.03-1.06) for lung/bronchus, 1.41 (1.33-1.48) for breast, 1.08 (1.05-1.10) for colorectal, 1.20 (1.11-1.31) for uterine corpus, 1.54 (1.40-1.70) for urinary bladder, 1.13 (1.01-1.26) for melanoma, and 1.10 (1.01-1.21) for thyroid. In contrast, there was no significant difference between RRs of late-stage diagnosis for any cancer site for patients insured by Medicare Advantage programs. If health care reform extends coverage to a large proportion of adults who are currently uninsured and provides benefits equal to or better than Medicare coverage, the proportion of patients diagnosed with late-stage cancer is likely to decrease, particularly in subpopulations with low rates of coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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39. Association of Insurance and Race/Ethnicity with Disease Severity among Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Database 2004-2006.
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Etzioni, Ruth, Flanders, W. Dana, Jemal, Ahmedin, and Ward, Elizabeth M.
- Abstract
The article discusses research on disease severity among men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were pooled and evaluated based on three disease severity measures. Results showed that uninsured and Medicaid-insured patients had elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels compared with privately insured patients indicating that insurance status is strongly associated with disease severity among prostate cancer patients.
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- 2010
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40. Recent Patterns of Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing for Prostate Cancer Screening in the United States
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Fedewa, Stacey A., Ward, Elizabeth M., Brawley, Otis, and Jemal, Ahmedin
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- 2017
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41. The Impact of Comorbidity on Treatment (Chemoradiation and Laryngectomy) of Advanced, Nondistant Metastatic Laryngeal Cancer: A Review of 16 849 Cases From the National Cancer Database (2003-2008)
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Zhu, Jason, Fedewa, Stacey, and Chen, Amy Y.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether patients treated with laryngectomy had less comorbidity than those treated with chemoradiation, which could help explain the improved survival for the laryngectomy cohorts in recent studies. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. PATIENTS Patients receiving diagnoses of primary invasive advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx between 2003 and 2008 were selected from the National Cancer Database, which collects information from more than 1400 facilities accredited by the American College of Surgeons' Commission on Cancer. Patient-level independent variables included age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, race/ethnicity, primary payer status, and zip code–level education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary treatment information. The association between treatment and patient clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-level and zip code–level socioeconomic status variables were analyzed using univariate statistics and multivariate models. Charlson Deyo Comorbidity and The Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index scores were calculated from the hospital face sheet. RESULTS The study demonstrated that receipt of treatment (chemoradiation vs total laryngectomy) was significantly associated with comorbidity. Treatment was not significantly associated with insurance status, race/ethnicity, or age. Patients with comorbidity were less likely to receive chemoradiation than subtotal or total laryngectomy, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.87) for patients with 1 or more comorbidities compared with those without any comorbidity, after controlling for factors such as tumor stage, age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and socioeconomic status. Patients were also less likely to receive chemoradiation than total laryngectomy if they had stage IV disease (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.83) and if they had been diagnosed at a teaching or research institution (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77-0.84). Patients were more likely to receive chemoradiation if they were diagnosed after 2003 (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.30-1.45) or if they lived in a zip code with a high percentage of high school graduates (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study, to our knowledge, that demonstrates that patients with advanced laryngeal cancer with 1 or more comorbidities are more likely to receive surgery than chemoradiation compared with patients without any comorbidity, independent of numerous clinical and nonclinical variables among a large national cohort. A limitation of this study is the use of comorbidity data from the National Cancer Database, which gathers its information from hospital discharge face sheets. We recognize that the National Cancer Database may be an imperfect system for the collection of comorbidity data and encourage discussion on different methods to improve the system, including incorporating comorbidity data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Database and medical chart–based comorbidity data collection by cancer registrars.
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- 2012
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42. Temporal Trends in the Treatment of Early- and Advanced-Stage Laryngeal Cancer in the United States, 1985-2007
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Chen, Amy Y., Fedewa, Stacey, and Zhu, Jason
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe trends and 4-year survival rate of surgical and nonsurgical treatment for laryngeal cancer. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. PATIENTS A total of 131 694 cases of laryngeal cancer diagnosed from 1985 to 2007 identified from the National Cancer Database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary treatment information, including radiation therapy (RT), chemoradiation (CRT), and curative intent surgery, were identified. The association between treatment and the patient's clinical and nonclinical variables was analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. The 4-year survival rate was generated through Kaplan-Meier estimates, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to generate hazard ratios. RESULTS Among patients with early-stage cancer, the proportion receiving primary surgery increased (from 20% in 1985 to 33% in 2007), whereas the use of RT decreased from 64% to 52%. Patients with early-stage cancer who resided in areas with higher socioeconomic status (SES) zip codes, had private insurance, who were not African American, and who were treated at academic facilities were more likely to receive surgery. The 4-year survival rate for patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer treated with surgery was higher than the rate for those treated with RT (79% vs 71%). Among patients with advanced-stage cancer, the use of CRT increased from less than 7% to 45%, whereas the use of total laryngectomy decreased from 42% to 32%. The use of CRT was more common among patients who resided in areas with higher SES zip codes, had private insurance, and who were younger. The 4-year survival rates for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer treated with total laryngectomy, CRT, and RT were 51%, 48%, and 38%, respectively. Factors associated with an increased risk of death from advanced laryngeal cancer included receiving CRT and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer, we observed an increasing proportion of primary surgical therapy during this study period. Among patients with advanced-stage cancer, we observed an increasing proportion of CRT. Not only were clinical factors associated with type of treatment, but select sociodemographic elements were also associated with treatment. Further investigation as to the decision-making process of patients with different sociodemographic backgrounds will assist in mitigating the differences in survival for this group of patients.
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- 2011
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43. Modifiable Failures in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Process and Their Association With Risk of Death.
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Doubeni, Chyke A., Fedewa, Stacey A., Levin, Theodore R., Jensen, Christopher D., Saia, Chelsea, Zebrowski, Alexis M., Quinn, Virginia P., Rendle, Katharine A., Zauber, Ann G., Becerra-Culqui, Tracy A., Mehta, Shivan J., Fletcher, Robert H., Schottinger, Joanne, and Corley, Douglas A.
- Abstract
Background & Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths occur when patients do not receive screening or have inadequate follow-up of abnormal results or when the screening test fails. We have few data on the contribution of each to CRC-associated deaths or factors associated with these events. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California systems (55–90 years old) who died of CRC from 2006 through 2012 and had ≥5 years of enrollment before diagnosis. We compared data from patients with those from a matched cohort of cancer-free patients in the same system. Receipt, results, indications, and follow-up of CRC tests in the 10-year period before diagnosis were obtained from electronic databases and chart audits. Results Of 1750 CRC deaths, 75.9% (n = 1328) occurred in patients who were not up to date in screening and 24.1% (n = 422) occurred in patients who were up to date. Failure to screen was associated with fewer visits to primary care physicians. Of 3486 cancer-free patients, 44.6% were up to date in their screening. Patients who were up to date in their screening had a lower risk of CRC death (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.44). Failure to screen, or failure to screen at appropriate intervals, occurred in a 67.8% of patients who died of CRC vs 53.2% of cancer-free patients; failure to follow-up on abnormal results occurred in 8.1% of patients who died of CRC vs 2.2% of cancer-free patients. CRC death was associated with higher odds of failure to screen or failure to screen at appropriate intervals (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.77) and failure to follow-up on abnormal results (odds ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 5.26–10.03). Conclusions Being up to date on screening substantially decreases the risk of CRC death. In 2 health care systems with high rates of screening, most people who died of CRC had failures in the screening process that could be rectified, such as failure to follow-up on abnormal findings; these significantly increased the risk for CRC death. Graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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44. Sa1222 The National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable Campaign to Screen 80% for Colorectal Cancer by 2018: Mapping Progress by State to Focus Screening Effort.
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Zauber, Ann G., Meester, Reinier G., Fedewa, Stacey A., Siegel, Rebecca, Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Iris, Jemal, Ahmedin, Fischer, Sara E., Brawley, Otis W., Smith, Robert, Doroshenk, Mary, Winawer, Sidney J., and Wender, Richard
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- 2016
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45. Disparities in the Use of Chemo-Immunotherapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the United States.
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Flowers, Christopher R., Fedewa, Stacey, Chen, Amy, Lipscomb, Joseph, Brawley, Otis, and Ward, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Since the 1970s, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has been the standard treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Beginning in 2002, published randomized, controlled clinical trials changed the standard of care by demonstrating that when rituximab is added to CHOP complete response rates and overall survival improved. However, it remains unclear how these results influenced the use of combination chemo-immunotherapy in clinical practice in the United States. We examined a national cohort of patients with DLBCL to assess clinical and demographic features of patients who receive chemo-immunotherapy and those who do not.Patients diagnosed with DLBCL (ICD-O codes 9679 and 9680) between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004, were selected from the National Cancer DataBase (NCDB), a hospital-based cancer registry jointly sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the American College of Surgeons that includes more than 1,400 Commission-on-Cancer-approved sites and captures ∼75% of all newly diagnosed cases of cancer in the United States. Data on patient demographics, stage at diagnosis, health insurance, area-level education status, facility characteristics, and type of treatment were collected. Multivariable log binomial models were performed to examine the association between race, insurance and the use chemo-immunotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone, adjusting for other covariates.The study population included 38,002 patients with DLBCL. Overall, 27% received combination chemo-immunotherapy and 50% received chemotherapy alone. At diagnosis there were racial differences in baseline characteristics. Black pts were younger (median age 53 vs. 70 years), more likely to present with stage III/IV disease (44.5% vs. 40.9%), more likely to be uninsured (9.5% vs. 2.5%) or Medicaid insured (17.3% vs. 3.4%) and more likely to reside in a zip code where ≥29% of the population had no high school diploma (38.1% vs. 11.6%) when compared with White pts (all p<0.0001). Patients who were Black, had limited stage disease, were diagnosed in 2001, were uninsured/Medicaid insured, or lived in an area where a greater % had no high school diploma were less likely to receive any form of chemotherapy (all p <0.0001). Patients who were Black (RR 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.89), >60 years (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), had limited stage disease (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86-0.92) or missing staging information (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.50-0.58), or were diagnosed in 2001-2002 were less likely to receive chemo-immunotherapy. Receiving treatment at a high lymphoma volume teaching/research facility was associated with the greatest likelihood of chemo-immunotherapy use (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.52-1.89). Sixteen percent of patients did not receive treatment and were more likely to be diagnosed in 2001, uninsured/non-Private insured, Black, older, or treated at low volume community or low volume comprehensive cancer center when compared with patients receiving any form of treatment.These results indicate that disparities exist in the use of chemo-immunotherapy for patients with DLBCL treated in the US. During the period immediately following the demonstration that chemo-immunotherapy improved survival over chemotherapy alone, patients who were Black, older than 60 years, or from areas of lower educational status were less likely to receive this new standard of care. While the use of chemo-immunotherapy appears to be rising, improving outcomes for patients with lymphoma in the US will require increased attention to strategies to extend the benefits of proven advances in therapy to all segments of the population.Flowers: Amos Medical Faculty Development Program grant from the American Society of Hematology/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Research Funding.
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- 2009
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46. Disparities in the Use of Chemo-Immunotherapy for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the United States.
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Flowers, Christopher R., Fedewa, Stacey, Chen, Amy, Lipscomb, Joseph, Brawley, Otis, and Ward, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Abstract 897
- Published
- 2009
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