6 results on '"Fa Julia E."'
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2. Wildlife boost in African forests certified for sustainable logging
- Author
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Fa, Julia E.
- Abstract
Is there a conservation benefit if tropical forests that are affected by logging gain certification from the Forest Stewardship Council? An analysis of the biodiversity outcomes in such tropical forests provides answers.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Indigenous Peoples’ lands are threatened by industrial development; conversion risk assessment reveals need to support Indigenous stewardship
- Author
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Kennedy, Christina M., Fariss, Brandie, Oakleaf, James R., Garnett, Stephen T., Fernández-Llamazares, Álvaro, Fa, Julia E., Baruch-Mordo, Sharon, and Kiesecker, Joseph
- Abstract
Indigenous Peoples are custodians of many of the world’s least-exploited natural areas. These places of local and global socio-ecological importance face significant threats from industrial development expansion, but the risk of conversion of these lands remains unclear. Here we combine global datasets of Indigenous Peoples’ lands, their current ecological condition, and future industrial development pressure to assess conversion threats. To assess vulnerability and risk of conversion, we create an index based on indicators of the strength and security of Indigenous Peoples’ rights to their territories and resources, their representation and engagement in decisions impacting them, and the capital available to support conservation and sustainable development. We find that nearly 60% of Indigenous Peoples’ lands (22.7 million km2) are threatened in 64 countries. Among the 37 countries with the highest threat, socio-economic and political vulnerabilities increase conversion risk, particularly the limited recognition and protection of territorial rights. We suggest strategies and actions to bolster Indigenous Peoples’ self-determination, rights, and leadership to reduce this risk and foster socio-ecological well-being.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. LED flashlight technology facilitates wild meat extraction across the tropics.
- Author
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Bowler, Mark, Beirne, Christopher, Tobler, Mathias W, Anderson, Matt, DiPaola, Anna, Fa, Julia E, Gilmore, Michael P, Lemos, Lisley P, Mayor, Pedro, Meier, Amelia, Menie, Guillaume Menie, Meza, Diana, Moreno‐Gutierrez, Delia, Poulsen, John R, Souza Jesus, Anamélia, Valsecchi, João, and El Bizri, Hani R
- Subjects
FLASHLIGHTS ,LIGHT emitting diodes ,LED displays ,TROPICAL forests ,MEAT ,TECHNOLOGY - Abstract
Hunting for wild meat in the tropics provides subsistence and income for millions of people. Methods have remained relatively unchanged since the introduction of shotguns and battery‐powered incandescent flashlights, but the short battery life of such flashlights has limited nocturnal hunting. However, hunters in many countries throughout the tropics have recently begun to switch to brighter and more efficient light‐emitting diode (LED) flashlights. Such brighter spotlights stimulate the freeze response of many species, and improved battery life allows hunters to pursue game more often and for longer periods of time. Interviews with hunters in African and South American tropical forests revealed that LEDs increase the frequency and efficiency of nocturnal hunting, and subsequently the number of kills made. In Brazil, these findings were supported by harvest data. The marked change in efficiency brought about by LEDs, well known to hunters around the world, poses a major threat to wildlife. Here we consider the implications of the increasing use of LED lights in hunting for communities, governments, wildlife managers, and conservationists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Breeding seasonality in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) in Amazonia: interactions with rainfall, fruiting, and sustainable hunting
- Author
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El Bizri, Hani R, Fa, Julia E, Bowler, Mark, Valsecchi, João, Bodmer, Richard, and Mayor, Pedro
- Abstract
The resilience of a given species to hunting is conditioned by the effect of potential threats upon the more sensitive periods in its life history, such as when animals are breeding. We investigated the environmental drivers of breeding seasonality in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), and the potential impact of hunting on the species. As part of a participative study with hunters in 2 Amazonian sites, we obtained reproductive organs of pacas as well as information on the hunters’ daily wild meat extraction. Using data on rainfall, river water level, and fruiting phenology from the 2 study sites, we applied generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) to examine the effect of climatic and environmental factors on paca reproduction. Forest fruiting was directly linked to higher pregnancy rates in pacas, and when lactation and weaning of offspring mostly occurred. Hunting was highly seasonal in all studied years and positively correlated with higher levels of river water. The coincidence between hunting patterns and paca reproductive cycles during the wet season resulted in more pregnant females being harvested. In addition to the known slow reproductive rate of pacas, the disproportionate offtake of pregnant females may affect the long-term sustainability of hunting of this species. Reducing hunting during the flooded season may not be feasible because the lowland paca provides most of the wild meat consumed by thousands of rural Amazonians during this period. However, options to offset the negative effects of killing of pregnant females could include the zoning of hunting areas or encouraging hunters to target primarily males. Our results indicate that strategies for the sustainable harvest of pacas and other heavily hunted Amazonian mammals should consider the interaction between the species’ reproductive cycles and hunting by local people in order to enhance conservation and management efforts.A resiliência de uma espécie à caça é condicionada pela sua capacidade reprodutiva intrínseca e pelo efeito de potenciais ameaças durante os períodos mais sensíveis de sua história de vida, como o período reprodutivo. Neste trabalho, nós investigamos os fatores ambientais que determinam a sazonalidade reprodutiva da paca (Cuniculus paca) e o potencial impacto da caça sobre a espécie. Em um estudo participativo de 15 anos em duas áreas da Amazônia, obtivemos órgãos reprodutivos de pacas doados voluntariamente por caçadores, bem como informações sobre seus padrões diários de caça. Usando informações sobre precipitação, nível d’água dos rios e fenologia de frutificação, nós aplicamos modelos aditivos generalizados (GAMLSS) para examinar o efeito de fatores climáticos e ambientais na reprodução da paca. A precipitação esteve positivamente ligada a uma maior frutificação, que por sua vez foi correlacionada com maiores taxas de prenhes da paca e com os períodos de lactação e desmame da prole. A caça de paca foi altamente cíclica ao longo dos anos e positivamente associada aos níveis d’água mais elevados. A convergência entre os padrões de caça e os ciclos reprodutivos de paca resulta na extração de um grande número de fêmeas grávidas. Juntamente com a lenta taxa de reprodução da espécie, a captura desproporcional de fêmeas grávidas pode afetar a sustentabilidade do uso da paca. Reduzir a caça durante os períodos de inundação pode não ser viável, pois a paca é a espécie responsável por fornecer grande parte da carne silvestre consumida por milhares de moradores rurais da Amazônia neste período. No entanto, ações para compensar os efeitos negativos da extração de pacas grávidas poderiam incluir o zoneamento de áreas de caça ou o incentivo aos caçadores em abater preferencialmente machos. Nossos resultados indicam que estratégias para a extração sustentável da paca e outras espécies cinegéticas amazônicas devem considerar a interação entre a reprodução e a caça pela população local, a fim de melhorar as ações de conservação e manejo no bioma.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Determining baselines and trends of Eastern chimpanzees and forest elephants in a Central African protected area after civil strife.
- Author
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Funk, Stephan M., Nkono, Julien, Lushimba, Alain, Fa, Julia E., and Williams, David
- Subjects
ELEPHANTS ,PROTECTED areas ,AFRICAN elephant ,CHIMPANZEES ,FOREST density ,WILDLIFE monitoring - Abstract
Protected areas are crucial to safeguard Sub-Saharan Africa's extraordinary and abundant megafauna. In many of these areas, instability has derailed conservation efforts and impeded adequate wildlife monitoring. Discovered in 2004, Eastern chimpanzees are found in the Central Uele Basin in northern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) within the Bili-Uéré Protected Areas Complex (BUPAC), the largest contiguous protected area in the country. BUPAC is threatened by habitat destruction, mining, wild meat trade, and insecurity. BUPAC chimpanzees are part of the largest remaining continuous population of the species in Africa; they are also being behaviourally unique. Forest elephants were frequent in the 1960′s in the BUPAC but have declined significantly up to 2004–2007. We used line transects to estimate Eastern chimpanzee and forest elephant density in the BUPAC core area in 2016 and 2019 and compared these with the 2004–2007 surveys. A total of 37 and 137 two km long line transects were systematically placed in 5,841 km
2 and 6,176 km2 survey areas in 2016 and 2019, respectively. We found that chimpanzee density did not change during the two survey periods but indicators for forest elephant density decreased eight-fold. Human activities were detected mainly along the core area periphery in both survey years, where they overlapped with centres of animal activity. The stable high density of chimpanzees is a positive outcome for the core BUPAC. However, despite being a conservation priority area that has received relatively intensified protection, declining forest elephant numbers are likely to reflect the high number of human conflict hotspots in vicinity as well as the increasing human population density around the core area. We propose by elevating the core area to National Park whilst strengthening on the ground enforcement and management structures as well as legal measures against poaching might ensure the long-term survival of such an important area in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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