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Sustained oscillations persist without decay, impacting system stability and performance. Sustained oscillations in distribution systems exhibit unique mechanisms compared to those in transmission systems, yet research in this area of distribution systems is lacking. In distribution systems, these oscillations degrade power quality, jeopardizing stability and causing relay malfunctions and supply discontinuity. Understanding their mechanisms in modern distribution systems is crucial for their detection, classification, and localization. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sustained oscillations in modern distribution systems. Additionally, it discusses key methodologies for detecting and classifying sustained oscillations in transmission systems. Finally, it applies transmission system methodologies to real cases in Ontario's distribution system, shedding light on challenges and future directions.

In this study, a series of novel chalcone compounds containing 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one were designed, synthesized, and screened for the prevention and control of plant bacterial diseases. The results showed that most of the target compounds displayed excellent antibacterial activities. Especially, F17(2-(3-(4-cinnamoylphenoxy)propyl)benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one) exhibited remarkable efficacy against Xanthomonas oryzaepv Oryzaein vitro, with a half effective concentration (EC50) of 0.5 μg/mL, better than that of the commercial antibacterial agent thiodiazole–copper (TC, 56.1 μg/mL). Furthermore, F17showed excellent effects against rice bacterial leaf blight in vivo, with protective and curative activities of 59.2% and 48.8% at 200 μg/mL, respectively, which were higher than those of TC (38.3% and 36.6%). Moreover, the bacteriostatic mechanism of F17was elucidated through a series of biochemical experiments. The results indicated that F17could inhibit the expression of multiple pathogenic factors and induce the host’s resistance to disease by enhancing the activities of defense enzymes. Therefore, F17, which revealed the ability to combat plant bacterial diseases by orchestrating the control of multiple factors, might provide a new perspective for solving the problem of plant pathogen resistance. Overall, the results of this work demonstrated that chalcone compounds containing benzisothiazolinone as highly effective antibacterial candidates hold potential for the management of plant bacterial diseases.

Introduction:Escherichia coli(E. coli) is a significant commensal gram-negative bacterium that can give rise to various diseases. The roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in sepsis induced by E. coliinfection remain unclear. Methods:In vivo, we investigated differences in mortality, production of inflammatory mediators, organ damage, neutrophil count, and bacterial load during E. coliinfection in C57BL/6J mice, as well as in mice deficient in TLR2 or NLRP3. In vitro, we investigated the impact of E. colion the activation of TLR2 and NLRP3 in macrophages and the influence of TLR2 and NLRP3 on the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages induced by E. coliinfection. Results:TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) and NLRP3-deficient (NLRP3−/−) mice exhibit significantly increased mortality and organ damage after E. coliinfection. These mice also show elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid. Additionally, TLR2−/−and NLRP3−/−mice display heightened neutrophil recruitment and increased bacterial load in the blood. Furthermore, macrophages from these mice demonstrate a significant reduction in the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion:TLR2 and NLRP3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory mediator expression, immune cell recruitment, and bactericidal activity, thereby preventing excessive tissue damage and reducing mortality in E. coli-induced sepsis.

This article proposes a control barrier function (CBF) approach for fast charging and discharging of batteries under temperature, state of charge (SoC), and terminal voltage constraints. To improve numerical efficiency, we derive a cascade CBF formulation, which divides this safety problem into multiple layers that are easier to formulate and implement. The proposed algorithm exhibits a computational speed that is seven times faster than the model predictive control (MPC) and 3.6 times faster than the traditional single-layer (central) CBF. In the charging scenario, experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm reduces charging time by 20% in comparison to traditional constant current, constant voltage (CC-CV) methods without violating electro-thermal safety constraints. The discharging experiment illustrates that the cascade CBF effectively limits the battery’s performance to ensure compliance with safety constraints.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered extensive attention as promising energy storage systems because of the advantages of low cost and high safety. However, severe parasitic reactions at the Zn anode surface pose a huge challenge for the practical application of AZIBs, especially the intricate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn dendrite growth. Herein, zwitterionic taurine with isoelectric point property is introduced as an electrolyte additive to construct a passivation layer by adapting its net charge to the microenvironment variation for stabilizing the Zn anode. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that taurine can not only in-situform a hydrophobic and zincophilic layer on the Zn anode surface viathe chelation with Zn2+in the alkaline interfacial microenvironment, but also buffer the pH change dynamically, thus effectively suppressing the HER and Zn dendrite growth. As a consequence, the taurine-containing electrolyte enables a stable cycling of Zn anodes in symmetric Zn∥Zn cells for more than 1800 h under a deep plating/stripping condition (5 mA cm−2and 5 mAh cm−2). More encouragingly, the full cells coupled with the NH4V4O10cathode can also exhibit an excellent capacity retention of 89.8% after 1200 cycles. This efficient strategy with an environmental adaptive additive offers valuable insights for mitigating the side reactions to achieve practical AZIBs and beyond.

To investigate the influence of microbubble perfusion mode on catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT), we evaluated the effect of two different types of microbubble perfusion modes (continuous injection versus bolus injection) on the thrombolytic efficacy of CDT in vitro and further assessed the effect of continuous microbubble injection on CDT in vivo. In an in vitro experimental setup, 50 fresh bovine whole blood clots were randomized into five groups: ultrasound and continuous microbubble injection‐enhanced CDT (US + cMB + CDT), ultrasound and bolus microbubble injection‐enhanced CDT (US + bMB + CDT), US + CDT, US + cMB, and CDT. In a porcine femoral vein thrombosis model, 16 completely obstructive thrombi were randomly assigned to the CDT group and the US + cMB + CDT group, respectively. Thrombolysis rate, vascular recanalization rate, hematoxylin–eosin, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the thrombolytic effect in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, US + cMB + CDT group resulted in a significantly higher thrombolysis rate compared with the other four groups (P< .05). Meanwhile, this group also demonstrated a looser clot structure and more disrupted fibrin structures. In vivo, US + cMB + CDT contributed to a significantly higher vascular recanalization rate compared with CDT (87.50% versus 25.00%, P< .05). US + cMB + CDT was more effective than US + bMB + CDT in thrombolysis, and ultrasound combined with continuous microbubble injection could enhance the thrombolytic efficacy of CDT.

Let f(t,y,y′)=∑i=0nai(t,y)y′i=0be an irreducible first order ordinary differential equation with polynomial coefficients. Eremenko in 1998 proved that there exists a constant Csuch that every rational solution of f(t, y, y′) = 0 is of degree not greater than C. Examples show that this degree bound Cdepends not only on the degrees of fin t, y, y′ but also on the coefficients of fviewed as the polynomial in t, y, y′. In this paper, the authors show that if fsatisfies deg(f, y) < deg(f, y′) or

Phosphonate structures in phosphonate compounds are biologically active organic synthetic materials derived from natural products. Due to their unique carbon-phosphorus (C–P) bonds, phosphonate compounds are highly biologically active and less susceptible to resistance and have the advantages of high efficacy, fast efficacy, low dosage, and wide use. With the increasing prevalence of drug resistance of pathogens, there is growing concern regarding the development of new environmentally friendly and non-drug resistant pesticides. In this review, we focused on phosphonate compounds with herbicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulation functions, providing a basis for the development of new phosphonate compound pesticides.

In this paper, we try to solve the feature ranking problem through an allocation of information granularity. In many real applications, people are more concerned with an ordered sequence, especially a sequence with a few most important features. However, the outcome of the feature selection methods is often not stable. We proposed an improved granular neural network framework to provide a comparable stable ordered sequence. Unlike other granular neural networks, this network uses information granules as input and generates granular output which is optimized with higher generality and specificity. This way, the construction of the sequence of ordered features is realized from a more comprehensive perspective (neither regression nor classification). The information granules are formed by allocating a level of information granularity onto numeric features and then being optimized through an optimization tool (genetic algorithm for instance). Computational experiments on both synthetic and real data sets are performed to compare the stability of our algorithm. The results show consistency with experts’ suggestions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the deadliest cancers all over the world, had a limited prognosis in the past. Recently, the remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has been shown in various solid tumors. What's more, the occurrence of HCC is associated with immune escape and therefore various ICIs have been applied to clinical trials for HCC. However, the special immune environment of the liver creates the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC, which impairs the overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (OCR) of ICIs as a monotherapy. Lately, various therapies have been used in combination with ICIs therapy to improve its clinical efficacy. Among which, radiotherapy is widely concerned because of its unique immunoreaction. A large number of basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that the combined radiotherapy and ICIs therapy has advantages in improving the OCR and efficacy, as compared with ICIs therapy alone. Herein, this article reviews the studies on the advantages and possible mechanisms of the combination of radiotherapy and ICIs therapy for HCC.

This research is to investigate the anti‐tumor effects by combining anti‐vascular effect of microbubble enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) mechanical destruction and anti‐angiogenic effect of Endostar. Rats bearing Walker‐256 tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups treated by Endostar + MEUS combination, Endostar, MEUS or Sham ultrasound (US), respectively. MEUS was induced by Sonazoid microbubble and a focused therapeutic US device. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to assess tumor perfusion before and after treatment. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining of CD31, CD34, and VEGFA. TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis rate of tumor cells. Endostar + MEUS combined group induced the most reduced blood perfusion and most retarded tumor growth compared with other 3 groups. Decreased MVD was shown in Endostar + MEUS, Endostar and MEUS group, but the lowest MVD value was presented in the combined treatment group. Significant increase was observed in the combined therapy group and MEUS group. This study showed an improved anti‐vascular and anti‐angiogenic effect achieved by combining Endostar and MEUS, and may provide a new method potential for anti‐tumor therapy.

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is very common and it plays a major role in the prognosis and clinical staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have published the first version of the guideline in 2016 and revised in 2018. Over the past several years, many new evidences for the treatment of PVTT become available, especially for the advent of new targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors which have further improved the prognosis of PVTT. So, the Chinese Association of Liver Cancer and Chinese Medical Doctor Association revised the 2018 version of the guideline to adapt to the development of PVTT treatment. Future treatment strategies for HCC with PVTT in China would depend on new evidences from more future clinical trials.

In this review, Feng and Manley discuss important features of noncoding and coding RNAs in nucleoli, which often appear species-specific and reflect transcription antisense to pre-rRNA by Pol II and within the intergenic spacer regions on both strands by both Pol I and Pol II. They also discuss how expression of these RNAs is regulated, their propensity to form cotranscriptional R loops and/or RNA:DNA triplex structures, and how they modulate rRNA transcription, nucleolar structure, and cellular homeostasis more generally.

Hexagonal MAB (h-MAB) phases and their two-dimensional (2-D) derivatives (h-MBenes) have emerged as promising materials since the discovery of Ti2InB2. Herein, we identified that a possible h-MBene, 2-D Hf2BO2, can be an excellent platform for the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by density functional theory calculations. We proposed two approaches of transition metal (TM) modifications by atom deposition and implanting to optimize the HER performance of 2-D Hf2BO2. It is revealed that a moderate charge reduction of surface O, which is induced by the introduction of TM atoms, is conductive to a higher catalytic performance. The synergistic effect between implanted TM atoms and Hf2BO2matrix can efficiently activate the surface by broadening O-p orbitals and shifting up p-band center, especially for V, Cr, and Mo as dopants, which can reduce the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) from 0.939 to −0.04, 0.05 and −0.04 eV, respectively. Interestingly, this effect works within a local region and the activity can also be evaluated by bond length of Hf–O, in addition to ΔGH*. This work suggests that due to its excellent electrocatalysis properties, h-MBenes can open up a new area for 2-D materials and will stimulate researchers to explore the synthesis of h-MAB phases and the stripping of h-MBenes.

ABSTRACTSETX (senataxin) is an RNA/DNA helicase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and the DNA damage response through resolution of R-loop structures. Mutations in SETXresult in either of two distinct neurodegenerative disorders. SETXdominant mutations result in a juvenile form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) called ALS4, whereas recessive mutations are responsible for ataxia called ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). How mutations in the same protein can lead to different phenotypes is still unclear. To elucidate AOA2 disease mechanisms, we first examined gene expression changes following SETX depletion. We observed the effects on both transcription and RNA processing, but surprisingly observed decreased R-loop accumulation in SETX-depleted cells. Importantly, we discovered a strong connection between SETX and the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, reflecting a direct effect on transcription of autophagy genes. We show that SETX depletion inhibits the progression of autophagy, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, decreased ability to clear protein aggregates, as well as mitochondrial defects. Analysis of AOA2 patient fibroblasts also revealed a perturbation of the autophagy pathway. Our work has thus identified a novel function for SETX in the regulation of autophagy, whose modulation may have a therapeutic impact for AOA2.Abbreviations:3ʹREADS: 3ʹ region extraction and deep sequencing; ACTB: actin beta; ALS4: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; AOA2: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2; APA: alternative polyadenylation; AS: alternative splicing; ATG7: autophagy-related 7; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; ChIP: chromatin IP; Chloro: chloroquine; CPT: camptothecin; DDR: DNA damage response; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; DRIP: DNA/RNA IP; DSBs: double strand breaks; EBs: embryoid bodies; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GO: gene ontology; HR: homologous recombination; HTT: huntingtin; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; KD: knockdown; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MN: motor neuron; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PASS: PolyA Site Supporting; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RNAPII: RNA polymerase II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia; SETX: senataxin; SMA: spinal muscular atrophy; SMN1: survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSS: transcription start site; TTS: transcription termination site; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WB: western blot; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; XRN2: 5ʹ-3ʹ exoribonuclease 2.

The high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment prominently attenuates the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the metabolic profile of TAMs and identify S-2-hydroxyglutarate (S-2HG) as a potential immunometabolite that shapes macrophages into an antitumoral phenotype. Blockage of L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH)-mediated S-2HG catabolism in macrophages promotes tumor regression. Mechanistically, based on its structural similarity to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-2HG has the potential to block the enzymatic activity of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), consequently reshaping chromatin accessibility. Moreover, S-2HG-treated macrophages enhance CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor activity and sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy. Overall, our study uncovers the role of blockage of L2HGDH-mediated S-2HG catabolism in orchestrating macrophage antitumoral polarization and, further, provides the potential of repolarizing macrophages by S-2HG to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.

Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its proapoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or proapoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, abundant in honeysuckleand eucommia, and has a wide range of biological activities, and pharmacological effects.Previous studies have shown that CGA can regulate learning, memory, cognitive ability, coupledwith improvement to anxiety, depression, and other post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-likesymptoms. This article explores the protective effects of CGA on neurons through its anti-apoptoticeffect, inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which may be the mechanisms ofits improvement of PTSD-like symptoms. It may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatmentof PTSD and its comorbidities.

Here, Feng and Manley report novel functions of the DNA replication and repair factor replication protein A (RPA) in control of nucleolar homeostasis. Their findings both indicate new roles for RPA in nucleoli through pre-rRNA transcriptional control and also emphasize that RPA function in nucleolar homeostasis is linked to R-loop resolution under both physiological and pathological conditions.

For the direct matrix converter (DMC) applied to permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, a novel modulation scheme is proposed in this article, which could reduce the control complexity and improve the efficiency while achieving zero common-mode voltage (CMV). Only three counterclockwise or clockwise rotating vectors are adopted to operate the DMC. The proposed scheme has the inherent ability to generate sinusoidal input currents without explicit control in the modulation. The duty cycle expressions for the three vectors are quite simple without any trigonometric operations. The switching pattern is fixed, saving the need for sector and sequence determination. Therefore, compared with the conventional modulation scheme which also uses only rotating vectors, the proposed scheme could reduce the execution time by over 80%. In addition, it achieves higher efficiency benefiting from the reduced switching actions. Its validity is verified by experimental results on a 2.4-kW DMC-fed PMSM drive prototype.

Enhancement of integrity and stability of crystal lattice are highly challenging for polycrystalline perovskite films. In this work, a strategy of incorporation of nickel (Ni) ions is presented to modulate the crystal structure of the CH3NH3PbI3perovskite film. A broad range of experimental characterizations reveal that the incorporation of Ni ions can substantially eliminate the intrinsic halide vacancy defects, since Ni ions have a strong preference for octahedral coordination with halide ions, resulting in significantly improved integrity and short-range order of crystal lattice. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the stronger chemical bonding interaction between Ni ions and halide ions as well as organic group can improve the stability of the perovskite material. Simultaneously, the surface morphology of the perovskite thin film is also improved by the incorporation of nickel ions. As a result, a planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell incorporated with 1.5% Ni exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 18.82%, which is improved by 25% compared with 14.92% for the pristine device. Simultaneously, the device formed incorpration of 1.5% Ni shows remarkable stability with 90% of the initial efficiency after storage in an air environment for 800 h. The studies provide a new insight into metal-incorporated perovskite materials for various optoelectronic applications.

Background: Despite the fact that thyroid surgery has evolved towards minimal incisions and endoscopic approaches, the role of total endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) in thyroid cancer has been highly disputed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of peer reviewed studies in order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TET compared with conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Method: Medical literature databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of science were systematically searched for articles that compared TET and COT in PTC treatment from database inception until March 2019. The quality of the studies included in the review was evaluated using the Downs and Black scale using Review Manager software Stata V.13.0 for the meta-analysis. Results: The systematic review and meta-analysis were based on 5664 cases selected from twenty publications. Criteria used to determine surgical completeness included postoperative thyroglobulin (TG) levels, recurrence of the tumor after long-term follow-up. Adverse event and complication rate scores included transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy, permanent RLN palsy, transient hypocalcaemia, permanent hypocalcaemia, operative time, number of removed lymph nodes, length of hospital stay and patient cosmetic satisfaction. TET was found to be generally equivalent to COT in terms of surgical completeness and adverse event rate, although TET resulted in lower levels of transient hypocalcemia (OR 1.66; p&lt; 0.05), a smaller number of the retrieved lymph nodes (WMD 0.46; p&lt; 0.05), and better cosmetic satisfaction (WMD 1.73; p&lt; 0.05). COT was associated with a shorter operation time (WMD − 50.28; p&lt; 0.05) and lower rates of transient RLN palsy (OR 0.41; p&lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The results show that in terms of safety and efficacy, TET was similar to COT for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Indeed, the tumor recurrence rates and the level of surgical completeness in TET are similar to those obtained for COT. TET was associated with significantly lower levels of transient hypocalcemia and better cosmetic satisfaction, and thus is the better option for patients with cosmetic concerns. Overall, randomized clinical trials and studies with larger patient cohorts and long-term follow-up data are required to further demonstrate the value of the TET.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an essential endogenous lipid mediator for normal physiological functions, can also act as an inflammatory mediator in pathological conditions. We determined whether Staphylococcus aureuslipoproteins are essential for inducing PGE2 secretion by immune cells and whether pattern recognition receptors mediate this process. PGE2 levels secreted by mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with the S. aureusisogenic mutant, lgt::ermB (Δlgt; deficient in lipoprotein maturation), decreased compared with those from macrophages infected with wild-type (WT) S. aureus. Experiments using toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)-deficient, TLR4-deficient, and NLRP3-deficient mice indicated that these 3 proteins are involved in macrophage PGE2 secretion in response to S. aureus, and lipoproteins were essential for S. aureusinvasion and survival within macrophages. Inhibition of endogenous PGE2 synthesis had no effect on bacterial invasion. Exogenous PGE2 inhibited phagocytosis in the WT S. aureusand its isogenic mutant but increased intracellular killing accompanied by enhanced IL-1β secretion. Our data demonstrate that S. aureuscan induce macrophage TLR/mitogen-activated protein kinase/NF-κB signaling and that PGE2 treatment upregulates NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling activation. Thus, macrophage PGE2 secretion after S. aureusinfection depends on bacterial lipoprotein maturation and macrophage receptors TLR2, TLR4, and NLRP3. Moreover, exogenous PGE2 regulates S. aureus-induced macrophage activation through TLRs and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

•Overexpression of LcNRAMP2enhances Mn and Cd tolerance in transgenic rice.•Overexpression of LcNRAMP2increases the Mn and Cd accumulation in the transgenic rice.•LcNRAMP2 predominantly localized to the prevacuole and vacuolar membrane.

The mechanisms of radiation-induced liver injury (RILI) has not been fully elucidated so far. In the present study, a RILI mouse model was constructed by exposing the liver to a single dose of 30 Gy X-rays. Liver injuries consisting of liver function damage and histopathological variations were confirmed after 2 weeks. And then the cellular atlas of RILI liver was generated by profiling 9,641 ​cells isolated from X-ray irradiated mice livers and control ones from RILI mice model using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Seven cell types were identified, including B cells, natural killer cells, T cells, macrophages/Küpffer cells/Dendritic cells (DC), neutrophils, endothelial cells, and hepatocyte. Although there was no significant difference of overall cell typing was observed between the Control and RILI groups, hepatocytes and macro/Küpffer/DC cell types were chosen for further functional exploration. Gene expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis of hepatocytes revealed that multiple metabolic related pathways were enriched in livers exposed to IR. These scRNA-seq data were confirmed in RILI liver samples via adipose staining. Besides, obviously varied M1-/M2-macrophages polarization was observed in RILI liver, which was in accordance with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results of IR-induced M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages transformation in mouse macrophage cell line Raw264.7. In addition, we predicted that several genes were found to differentially expressed during the process of macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 subtype. Overall, our study provides a cellular landscape of RILI at single-cell resolution that indicates the characteristics of hepatocytes and macrophages, which will contribute to investigate the novel therapeutic or preventive management for RILI.

Benzene cation is a prototypical complex system that exhibits ultrafast conical intersections of different electronic states located close to the Franck–Condon region, yet little information is available about the dynamics of the cationic excited states. Here we utilize femtosecond time-resolved strong field ionization-photo fragmentation (SFI-PF) method to prepare and probe the electronic states of benzene cations. The transient of both the parent ion and the daughter ions are obtained, which present distinct behaviors at different pulse energies of the SFI laser. The results provide the first experimental evidence of B2E2g–X2E1gultrafast relaxation of benzene cation, which occurs in about 250–270 fs. Our study should pave the way to revealing the ultrafast photochemistry of complex molecular cations.

Mesoporous silica cocoon materials (MSNCs) and MgO doped mesoporous silica cocoons (MgO-MSNCs) with the cocoon-like hierarchical morphology and different alkalinities were synthesized as carriers for acidic drugs. Indomethacin (IMC) was selected as a model drug and loaded into carriers. All materials and the drug-loaded samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of the Mg/Si molar ratio on the kinetics and equilibrium of IMC adsorption on MgO-MSNCs was thoroughly examined, and it was found that the increase in the Mg/Si molar ratio resulted in an increasing IMC adsorption rate due to the increased affinity between alkaline MgO-MSNCs and weak acid IMC. The adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo second-order model well. The Freundlich isotherm showed a better fit, indicating that the coverage of IMC on the surface of MgO-MSNCs was heterogeneous. The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent was calculated by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The Temkin equation provided further support that the IMC adsorption on MgO-MSNCs was dominated by a chemisorption process. MgO-MSNCs also have the advantage of allowing an adjustment of the drug release rate of weak acid drug. The cytotoxicity assay indicated good biocompatibility of MgO-MSNCs. Our research on MgO-MSNCs carriers demonstrated their potential therapeutic benefit for safe and effective management of IMC adsorption and in vitrorelease.

HS2molecules play an important role in the photochemical processes in combustion, atmosphere, and interstellar medium, yet our knowledge about the electronic excited states in the UV region is limited. In this study, we perform high-level ab initio calculations on electronic states of HS2using the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method including the Davidson correction (icMRCI + Q) method. The vertical transition energies, oscillator strengths, electron configurations, and transitions of thirteen electronic states of HS2with energy up to 8 eV are calculated at the icMRCI + Q/aug-cc-pv(5 + d)Z level. Based on the calculated potential energy curves, we investigate the interaction and photodissociation mechanism of the electronic states, which should shed some light on the decomposition processes of the gas-phase HS2molecules in the ultraviolet region.

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in DrosophilaRNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.

Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal transition-metal borides (h-MBenes) was discovered through a combination of ab initio predictions and experimental studies. These h-MBenes are derived from ternary hexagonal MAB (h-MAB) phases and have demonstrated promising potential for practical applications. In this study, we conducted first-principles calculations on 15 h-MBenes and identified four antiferromagnetic metals and 11 electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, the h-MnB material exhibited a remarkable Néel temperature of 340 K and a high magnetic anisotropy energy of 154 μeV/atom. Additionally, the hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energies (ΔGH*) for h-ZrBO, h-MoBO, and h-Nb2BO2are close to the ideal value of 0 eV, indicating their potential as electrochemical catalysts for HER. Further investigations revealed that the electronic structure, Néel temperature, and HER activity of the studied h-MBenes can be tuned by applying biaxial strains. These findings suggest that h-MBenes have wide-ranging applicability in areas such as antiferromagnetic spintronics, flexible electronic devices, and electrocatalysis, thereby expanding the potential applications of 2D transition-metal borides.

After a very fast and efficient discriminative broad learning system (BLS) that takes advantage of flatted structure and incremental learning has been developed, here, a mathematical proof of the universal approximation property of BLS is provided. In addition, the framework of several BLS variants with their mathematical modeling is given. The variations include cascade, recurrent, and broad–deep combination structures. From the experimental results, the BLS and its variations outperform several exist learning algorithms on regression performance over function approximation, time series prediction, and face recognition databases. In addition, experiments on the extremely challenging data set, such as MS-Celeb-1M, are given. Compared with other convolutional networks, the effectiveness and efficiency of the variants of BLS are demonstrated.

For matrix converter (MC), real-time correction of duty cycles is a good solution to eliminate the effects of input voltage disturbances on output performance. However, MC adopting this solution suffers from stability deterioration. The typical active stabilization method is based on modifying output voltage reference with the filtered input voltage. In this paper, its performance is evaluated under input voltage disturbances. It is found that this method will introduce extra low-frequency harmonics into output reference voltage, degrading the output quality. The reason lies in the inability of the adopted digital high-pass filter to block the disturbances. To maintain a good output performance, the improved active stabilization method is proposed, which utilizes resonant controllers to eliminate the extra low-frequency harmonics. The principle and the implementation of the improved method are presented. The consideration of input frequency variation and the influence on input power quality are also discussed. Experimental results have verified the correctness of the performance evaluation and effectiveness of the proposed improvement.

Forced oscillations (FOs), or low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) caused by periodic, continuous, small power disturbances, threaten the security and stability of power systems. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices can effectively mitigate LFOs via stability control. We propose a novel method that mitigates FOs by shifting the resonant frequency. Based on the features of the linearized swing equation of a generator, a resonant frequency shift can be achieved by controlling the synchronous torque coefficient using a unified power flow controller (UPFC). Because of the resonance mechanism, the steady-state response of an FO can be effectively mitigated when the resonant frequency changes from the original one, which was close to the disturbance frequency. The principle is that a change in resonant frequency affects the resonance condition. Simulations are conducted in a single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) system, and the simulation results verify that the method is straightforward to implement and can significantly mitigate FOs. The controller robustness when the resonant frequency is not accurately estimated is also analyzed in the simulations.