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This paper develops unique new insight for business practitioners and academic researchers into the interaction between consumers and brands on social media platforms, principally where brands choose to interact with, and amplify, user-generated content (UGC) by retweeting it on their own brand channels. Despite increasing research into social media in general, there is a relative lack of available academic research on major brands engaging with consumer content, which may, be in part due to the pace of change and exponential growth in this emerging area. This mixed method study develops insight conducted over an 18-month period with leading social media practitioners, concluding that primarily a brand's social media team opportunistically seek out and retweet organic image-led UGC to convey specific messages across multiple platforms. Content containing imagery lends authenticity to brand storytelling; brands with tangible products are more likely to receive organic UGC which contains images than intangible brands.

We have previously introduced tethered fluorophore motion (TFM), a single-molecule fluorescence technique that monitors the effective length of a biopolymer such as DNA. TFM uses the same principles as tethered particle motion (TPM) but employs a single fluorophore in place of the bead, allowing TFM to be combined with existing fluorescence techniques on a standard fluorescence microscope. TFM has been previously been used to reveal the mechanism of two site-specific recombinase systems, Cre-loxPand XerCD-dif. In this work, we characterize TFM, focusing on the theoretical basis and potential applications of the technique. Since TFM is limited in observation time and photon count by photobleaching, we present a description of the sources of noise in TFM. Comparing this with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data, we show that length changes of 100 bp of double-stranded DNA are readily distinguishable using TFM, making it comparable with TPM. We also show that the commonly recommended pixel size for single-molecule fluorescence approximately optimizes signal to noise for TFM experiments, thus enabling facile combination of TFM with other fluorescence techniques, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Finally, we apply TFM to determine the polymerization rate of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, and we demonstrate its combination with FRET to observe synapsis formation by Cre using excitation by a single laser. We hope that TFM will be a useful addition to the single-molecule toolkit, providing excellent insight into protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Reports results of a questionnaire and interview survey conducted at the Sound and Moving Image Collection, Department of Pictures and Maps, National Library of Wales, to investigate the low level of usage by academics in the University of Wales, to consider ways of increasing awareness of the collection and consider retrieval devices which might enhance remote searching and access. The Collection includes: archival films; multimedia CD-ROMs; original music recordings; and published and unpublished spoken word recordings. A high level of satisfaction was expressed by users and important points were raised by the survey. Researchers recommended: academic loans for academics who are unable to travel to Aberystwyth; more effective self-marketing of the collection; loading of the Collection’s databases on the National Library of Wales’ Web server; production of a printed catalogue of holdings or a newsletter outlining acquisitions; greater liaison with relevant academic departments; more detailed cataloguing information for some types of materials; establishment of a consultative user panel to discuss policy and future developments; establishment of a lecture room where materials from the Collection can be incorporated into lectures and seminars; provision within its collection policy for developments which are already occurring within audio-visual media; planning for future methods of delivery of materials, including digitization; and fees to be levied against commercial users to pay for enhanced provision of services.

Reviews in detail the political aspects of the many stages in the reorganiza tion of local government in the UK, between 1990 and 1996, with particular reference to the reasons for such changes, the influence of district authorities as a pressure group and the ultimate effect of their campaign. Focuses on the evolution of the policy for the reorganization of local government in Wales, dating from the publication of the 1991 consultation paper, and the likely implications for public libraries in Wales of a local government structure com prising 22 unitary all purpose authorities. Concludes that it is relevant to ask what sort of public library service will evolve from within this structure over the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Attempts to answer the question by con sidering 2 possible scenarios (one negative and one that is more positive and encouraging). Suggests that the 2 scenarios probably constitute extremes and the actual outcome will probably lie somewhere in between.

This paper discusses some of the wider issues that have arisen from the results obtained by The Teifi Library Project - an investigation of the library and information requirements of the users of mobile library services in the bi-lingual area of South Ceredigion, in Dyfed, Wales; an area which has seen significant demo graphic changes in the last ten years. The project revealed that changes in the nature of the rural communities in recent years, in particular in their lin guistic make-up has resulted in a change in borrowing patterns and library needs, which now necessitates a corresponding response from the providers of the mobile library ser vice. It is recommended that library authorities serving bi-lingual rural communities regularly monitor lin guistic changes in the communities they serve and subsequently reassess their provision sensitively in the light of community needs.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become a vital tool in determining the sustainability of bioenergy. Matthew Aylott, Adrian Higson, Geraint Evans, Alison Hamer– from the UK's National Non‐Food Crops Centre – and Nigel Mortimer– North Energy Associates – explain how the assumptions we make and the method by which emissions are allocated in LCAs can have serious impacts on the conclusions we come to; conclusions which will shape the growth of the bioenergy sector. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Several letters to the editor in response to articles and topics in previous issues are presented. One reader narrated her experience of participating in an expedition to the North Pole to raise funds for cancer research; Another reader take issue in the article by Tony Lewis published in June 2006 dealing with reflective learning; Reader Leonard Wells offers solution on how to address the problem of street litter.