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1. Furosemide Stress test guided early versus late renal Replacement therapy in mechanically ventilated patients with Acute kidney injury.

Author: Elsharkawy, Amr M., Naga, Yasmine S., Megahed, Mohamed M., and El-Sayed, Amr A.
Subjects: RENAL replacement therapy, ACUTE kidney failure, INTENSIVE care units, ARTIFICIAL respiration, RANDOMIZED controlled trials
Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the ICU is one of the life-threatening situations that may need renal replacement therapy (RRT). Survival benefit of early initiation of RRT is still not proven. There is still a debate whether early or late RRT significantly affects morbidity and mortality. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that was conducted on 94 critically ill subjects with stage 2 AKI, according to KDIGO classification, who were on invasive mechanical ventilation. Recruited subjects were selected only if they failed to respond to furosemide stress test after volume status optimization. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups according to timing of RRT initiation. In the early group, RRT was initiated without the presence of urgent indications for hemodialysis, whereas in the late group, RRT was implemented only in the presence of one or more of urgent indications such as severe metabolic acidosis or hyperkalemia. Primary outcomes of the study were ICU mortality and length of stay. Secondary outcomes included recovery of renal function in addition to duration of mechanical ventilation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcomes, namely ICU mortality and ICU length of stay. About 51.1% of the subjects survived in the early RRT group, whereas 46.8% survived in the late group (p =.680). Although duration of mechanical ventilationwas not significantly different (p =.486), recovery of renal functionand less dependency on RRT after discharge, were significantly higher in the early RRT group (p = <.001). Conclusion: Even after choosing AKI patients who failed to respond to furosemide stress test, timing of RRT initiation did not affect survival, ICU length of stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. However, early RRT may have positive effect on RRF for survived patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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2. Effect of intraoperative aminophylline infusion on pain intensity after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: A randomized controlled study.

Author: Rehab, Osama Mohammed, ElSharkawy, Mohammed Said, Al Debeiky, Abdullah Salah, and Morsy, Islam
Abstract: Background: Aminophylline relaxes smooth muscle by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase enzyme and activating protein kinase A, and alleviates inflammation by decreasing the production of leukotrienes. We aimed to assess the effect of intraoperative intravenous (IV) aminophylline on postoperative pain in patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 50 patients who were scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 received 4 mg/kg aminophylline diluted in 100 ml saline 0.9% IV over 20 minutes. Group 2 received saline 0.9% with a similar volume and period as the aminophylline group. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded at arrival to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after surgery. Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) was assessed at PACU arrival, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h postoperatively. Results: VAS measurements at arrival to the PACU, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h postoperative were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.05). Total pethidine consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in group 1 (43.04 ± 14.52 mg) than in group 2 (59.32 ± 18.34 mg); p = 0.002. Aminophylline significantly decreased the incidence of moderate-to-severe CRBD at PACU arrival and 1 h after surgery (p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively). There was no significant variation between both groups regarding side effects. Conclusions: In patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy, intraoperative IV aminophylline infusion reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption. It also decreased the incidence of early moderate-to-severe CRBD without evidence of intraoperative hemodynamic alterations or postoperative side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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3. The effect of propofol-midazolam versus sevoflurane on bispectral index and eye position in pediatric cataract surgery: A randomized controlled study.

Author: Zamzam, Zahraa, Taraby, Amany, AbdElmagid, Nabil A., and Elsharkawy, Reem A.
Abstract: Background: Cataract surgery is one of the infrequent ocular surgeries. The adequate ocular position with central alignment is the main prerequisite for good surgical technique. Propofol and sevoflurane are the common anesthetics drugs used during pediatric anesthesia. BIS monitor is one of the common intraoperative awareness monitors used. Aim: To assess the efficacy of the bispectral index monitor in quantifying the depth of anesthesia and its correlation with ocular alignment during juvenile cataract surgery. Specifically, we will compare the use of sevoflurane anaesthesia with total intravenous anesthesia using a midazolam bolus and propofol infusion. Methods: This study included 100 children scheduled for cataract surgery. The children were divided into two groups: group (S) included 50 children who were anesthetized using sevoflurane maintenance only and group (P) included 50 children who were anesthetized using continuous intravenous anesthesia (midazolam bolus plus propofol infusion) as maintenance after induction with sevoflurane anesthesia 8%. The bispectral index was recorded immediately after induction and after intubation and every 5 min later on until end of surgery. Results: The eye position showed statistically significant central position among the propofol group with p value 0.02. An eye position-BIS value association was found statistically significant negative correlation in sevoflurane group while no statistically significant link was found in the propofol group. Conclusion: Use of BIS monitor for making correlation between depth of anesthesia for prediction of ocular alignment was significant in sevoflurane group, but not in propofol group in pediatric patients and even with adequate depth of general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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4. A comparative study between the effect of intravenous versus intranasal dripping of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative blood loss during functional endoscopic nasal sinus surgery.

Author: Mohamed Hassan, Asmaa, Nashaat Mohammed, Mohammed, Abdo Mousa, Sherif, and Elsharkawy, Reem A.
Abstract: Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered one of the most common ENT procedures. The main obstacle is impaired vision owing to excessive bleeding. Many drugs have been used to control such issues. Dexmedetomidine has a great affinity to α2-adrenergic receptors. This research evaluated the hypotensive effect of intravenous against the intranasal dexmedetomidine in FESS. Materials and methods: Patients randomized into 2 equal groups:Dexmedetomidine intravenous group (IV group) (n = 35): IV dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg in 100 ml of normal saline (0.9%) was infused 15 min before starting anesthesia, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h. At the same time, intranasal saline was given as a placebo.Dexmedetomidine intranasal group (IN group) (n = 35):IN dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) was given 15 min before induction, 1 ml in each nostril. At the same time, the patient received 100 ml of saline (0.9%)15 min before anesthesia, followed by IV saline as a placebo. The primary outcome was Boezaart's grading scale. Other outcomes were the recorded hemodynamics, surgical satisfaction, sedation score, and adverse events. Results: The calculated blood loss and Boezaart's scale were lower in the IV group (p value < 0.001). Also, the IV group's mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were significantly lower. The total intraoperative fentanyl dose was lower in the IV group. Surgeon satisfaction and sedation scores were significantly higher in the IV group. Conclusions: Intravenous dexmedetomidine provides a better surgical field, more surgeon satisfaction, and lower blood loss for FESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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5. Influence of the applied external magnetic field on surface area and catalytic activity of electrodeposited Cu-Fe alloys.

Author: Skibińska, Katarzyna, Dudek, Kamil, Elsharkawy, Safya, Kutyła, Dawid, and Żabiński, Piotr
Subjects: ATOMIC force microscopy, HYDROGEN evolution reactions, MAGNETIC fields, LORENTZ force, CATALYTIC activity
Abstract: Due to the ferromagnetic properties of Fe, the influence of the external magnetic field on the morphology and chemical composition of electrodeposited Cu-Fe alloys was investigated. The magnetic field present affects the samples when applied in the direction parallel to their surface. However, its influence on the morphology of the coatings is slight. The surface area was analysed using Atomic Force Microscopy and determined based on the measurements of Double-Layer Capacitance. A similar trend for both methods was observed. The sample with the largest active surface area can be deposited in the parallel-to-electrode magnetic field at 250 mT and the least at 500 mT in the same direction. The catalytic properties in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction were measured in 1M NaOH. The relationship between the wettability and catalytic performance is noticeable. The evolution of hydrogen began earliest on the hydrophilic coating. All hydrophobic samples show similar catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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6. Synbiotic modulate the host immune response to Salmonella typhimuriuminfection in commercial and indigenous chicken

Author: Elsharkawy, Mohamed S., Abdelbaki, Mohamed M., Madkour, Mahmoud, EL Shanawany, Eman E., Aboelenin, Mohamad M., Wang, Qiao, Li, Qinghe, Zhao, Guiping, and Wen, Jie
Abstract: AbstractThis study examined the effect of the synbiotic product (PoultryStar®me) on Fayoumi and Cobb chickens upon exposure to Salmonella typhimurium(ST) infection and compared the responses of Fayoumi and Cobb chickens to ST infection. Fayoumi and Cobb chicks were fed synbiotic 1 g/kg feed from the first day. At 21 days of age, the chicks were orally challenged with 3 × 1012cfu ST. At 72 h post-infection (pi), Fayoumi chickens showed significantly lower bacterial loads in their livers than Cobb chickens (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the synbiotic reduced the bacterial load in the liver of both chicken types (p < 0.001). Moreover, the synbiotic product positively affected the plasma lysozyme content (p < 0.001) in both chicken types. The plasma IL-6 levels increased in the ST-challenged groups (p = 0.0003); moreover, the synbiotic reduced IL-6 levels in each type of chicken. The plasma IgG content increased only in the ST-challenged groups (p < 0.001) compared with the other groups. During ST infection, the synbiotic significantly decreased the proinflammatory cytokines expression including IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.01) along with the frequency of TLR4 and MYD88 (p < 0.01) genes in both liver and spleen. Furthermore, Fayoumi chickens exhibited lower expression of these genes compared to Cobb chickens. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between chicken type and treatments, suggesting that different types of chickens may respond to pathogens differently. These findings indicate that the synbiotic can effectively modulate the host immune response to ST infection across different chicken types, with Fayoumi chickens demonstrating greater resistance to ST infection than Cobb chickens.
Published: 2024
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7. Impact of smartphone use at bedtime on sleep quality and academic activities among medical students at Al -Azhar University at Cairo

Author: Elsheikh, Asmaa Abdelghany, Elsharkawy, Safaa Abdelfattah, and Ahmed, Doaa Sadek
Abstract: Aim: Smartphone use has become prevalent and rapidly expanding. Therefore, it is essential to determine the potential adverse effects. This study aims to assess the prevalence of smartphone use at bedtime and its association with sleep quality and educational-related activities among medical students. Subject and methods: The current cross-sectional study included 1184 male and female undergraduate medical students at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on personal characteristics, smartphone use, and academic activities. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index ((PSQI) was used for the assessment of sleep quality. Results: The result revealed that bedtime smartphone use was highly prevalent (96.5 %), with nearly half (46.9%) of studied medical students using them for more than 2 hours. Social media was at the top of the usage list (74.2%), followed by communication (48.8%). Smartphone users at bedtime had a significantly higher prevalence of poor sleep quality, increased sleep latency, difficulty in maintaining sleep, and shorter sleep duration compared to non-user (p-value<0.05). The probability of poor sleep quality is significantly increased by bedtime smartphone use, regular coffee drinking, hostel residence, and proximity of the phone during sleep, whereas the likelihood of poor sleep quality is significantly decreased by physical activity. A significant association between poor sleep quality and academic performance was also reported. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the negative impact of smartphone use at bedtime on sleep quality and quantity, which in turn has a negative effect on academic performance. Therefore, medical students are strongly encouraged to limit their smartphone use before bedtime for better sleep and academic performance.
Published: 2024
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8. Simulation and experiment on improving NOX conversion efficiency of ship selective catalytic reduction system.

Author: Chen, Zhijun, Li, Zhi, Hu, Xiayi, Wang, Zhongjun, Yang, Hongyun, Elsharkawy, Eman Ramadan, El-Bahy, Salah M., Wu, Mengmeng, Hu, Mingmao, and Guo, Zhanhu
Subjects: CATALYTIC reduction, GAS distribution, MARINE engineering, WASTE gases, THREE-dimensional modeling
Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is the main means of reducing NO X emissions. Urea injection structure parameters (i.e., the hole number in a nozzle, spray angle, the distance between the nozzle and the front section of the catalyst) and operating parameters (i.e., exhaust gas temperature, gas hourly space velocity, ammonia-to-nitrogen ratio (ANR)) of the SCR systems have a significant impact on denitrification efficiency (deNO X). A three-dimensional simulation model is developed to investigate the impact of diverse parameters on deNO X. The influence of temperature, ANR and space velocity on the deNO X of SCR system is studied by using the control variable method. The simulation model is modified according to the SCR catalyst gas distribution test results. A diesel bench experiment is conducted to test the deNO X of the SCR system of D2 cycle and two additional operating points to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation model. Based on this model, the influence of key factors on the deNO X of SCR system is studied. In SCR system, the optimal urea injection angle is about 75°, the optimal number of nozzle holes is 4, the distance between the optimal urea injection point and the front section of the catalyst is 8 times of the pipe diameter, and the optimal operating temperature is 300 ∼ 420℃. The influence trend of ANR on deNO X at different temperatures is obtained. This provides a theoretical support for the realization of SCR system in the future. • The factors influencing the denitrification efficiency (deNO X) of SCR were studied. • Both experimental research and numerical simulation were combined for this study. • When the injection angle of urea was 75 degrees, the atomization effect was the best. • The optimal temperature range for the SCR reaction was between 270°C and 420°C. • DeNO X in the high-temperature range was essentially unaffected by the gas hourly space velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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9. Anticorrosion and discharge performance of calcium and neodymium co-doped AZ61 alloy anodes for Mg-air batteries.

Author: Liu, Baosheng, Gao, Ang, Zhang, Zhechao, He, Muhun, Xu, Ben Bin, Shi, Xuetao, Wu, Pengpeng, Guo, Sijie, Amin, Mohammed A., Elsharkawy, Eman Ramadan, and Guo, Zhanhu
Subjects: DOPING agents (Chemistry), ALLOYS, CORROSION in alloys, NEODYMIUM, CALCIUM, CORROSION resistance, ANODES, MAGNESIUM alloys
Abstract: • Ca promotes the refinement of the second phase and improves the grain boundary area. • The evenly precipitated phase forms a physical barrier to inhibit matrix corrosion. • Al 2 Nd and Al 2 Ca phases have similar corrosion mechanisms on the alloy. • AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy shows the best discharge performance and corrosion resistance in the batteries. Calcium (Ca) and neodymium (Nd) were introduced in the AZ61 alloy as alloying elements. The microstructure, corrosion behavior, and discharge properties of AZ61-1Nd- x Ca (x = 0, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%) alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance during electrochemical experiments and hydrogen evolution tests. Discharge performance tests showed that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best specific capacity (1193.6 mAh g−1), energy density (1893.7 mWh g−1), anode efficiency (60.3 %), and cell voltage (1.246 V) at higher current densities. This is mainly attributed to the addition of Ca element, which refines the grain size of the alloy and increases the grain boundary area. In addition, Al 2 Nd and Al 2 Ca phases have similar corrosion mechanisms in the cross-section of the extruded alloy. The precipitated granular Al 2 Ca phase is uniformly dispersed on the substrate and acts as a physical barrier. This not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy but also improves the anode efficiency of the alloy during discharge. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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10. Bulk-Fill Ormocer versus Methacrylate-Based Resin Composite Restorative Systems: The Effect of Flowable Lining on Two-Year Clinical Performance in Class II Cavities

Author: Elsharkawy, Moustafa Ahmed, Ibrahim, Radwa Ali, Hamama, Hamdi Hosni, and Mahmoud, Salah Hasab
Published: 2024
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11. Advances in Physiochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Author: Saleem, Muhammad Hamzah, Mfarrej, Manar Fawzi Bani, Khan, Khalid Ali, Ercisli, Sezai, Elsharkawy, Mohsen Mohamed, and Fahad, Shah
Abstract: Climate change has exacerbated the rate and intensity of abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, posing significant threats to the crop growth and yield. This review comprehensively explores recent physiochemical and molecular approaches to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. It highlights the complex physiological adjustments, including stomatal regulation, osmotic balance, and altered growth patterns, that plants undergo in response to environmental stressors. The review delves into the biochemical pathways involved in stress response, notably the glyoxalase system and ascorbate-glutathione pathway, emphasizing their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress tolerance, focusing on the modulation of gene expression, regulation of stress-responsive genes, and the potential of genetic engineering to enhance resilience. We also discuss the contribution of secondary metabolites and both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in mitigating the adverse effects of stress. Moreover, the review addresses the advancements in technological tools that have revolutionized our understanding of stress physiology, including genomic editing and transcriptomic analyses. The comprehensive synthesis of current research findings provides valuable insights into the development of innovative strategies to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, contributing significantly to the field of sustainable agriculture and global food security in the era of climate change.
Published: 2024
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12. ResuméAtlas: Revisiting Resume Classification with Large-Scale Datasets and Large Language Models.

Author: Heakl, Ahmed, Mohamed, Youssef, Mohamed, Noran, Elsharkawy, Aly, and Zaky, Ahmed
Subjects: LANGUAGE models, TRANSFORMER models, MACHINE learning, BASIC needs, CLASSIFICATION
Abstract: The increasing reliance on online recruitment platforms coupled with the adoption of AI technologies has highlighted the critical need for efficient resume classification methods. However, challenges such as small datasets, lack of standardized resume templates, and privacy concerns hinder the accuracy and effectiveness of existing classification models. In this work, we address these challenges by presenting a comprehensive approach to resume classification. We curated a large-scale dataset of 13,389 resumes from diverse sources and employed Large Language Models (LLMs) such as BERT and Gemma1.1 2B for classification. Our results demonstrate significant improvements over traditional machine learning approaches, with our best model achieving a top-1 accuracy of 92% and a top-5 accuracy of 97.5%. These findings underscore the importance of dataset quality and advanced model architectures in enhancing the accuracy and robustness of resume classification systems, thus advancing the field of online recruitment practices. Our models, code, and dataset are available as open-source resources.123 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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13. Compassion fatigue in palliative care: Exploring Its comprehensive impact on geriatric nursing well-being and care quality in end-of-life.

Author: Alruwaili, Abeer Nuwayfi, Alruwaili, Majed, Ramadan, Osama Mohamed Elsayed, Elsharkawy, Nadia Bassuoni, Abdelaziz, Enas Mahrous, Ali, Sayed Ibrahim, and Shaban, Mostafa
Abstract: • Deep emotional bonds with patients enhance holistic care and emotional support. • Nurses face compassion fatigue, grief from patient loss, and communication challenges. • Maintaining professionalism and empathy amid emotional stress is crucial for quality care. • Implementing self-care routines and seeking emotional support are vital for resilience. • Continuous education and training are essential to stay updated and improve patient care. This study examines the experiences of geriatric nurses in palliative care. It aims to understand how these experiences influence their well-being and the quality of care. Conducted in the Alahsa region of Saudi Arabia, the study employs qualitative methods, utilizing in-depth interviews with 12 geriatric nurses. The analysis employs a thematic approach, enriched by iterative reflections within a multidisciplinary research team. The analysis reveals main themes: 1) the deep emotional connections between nurses and their patients; 2) the challenges faced, including compassion fatigue, high patient mortality, and communication hurdles; 3) the impact of these challenges on the quality of care, highlighting issues like diminished empathy; 4) the coping strategies used by nurses, such as self-care practices and continuous education. The study concludes that coping strategies, including self-care and ongoing professional development, are vital for sustaining the nurses' well-being and ensuring the continued provision of high-quality care to Older Adults patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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14. Distinct leaflet-annular remodeling pattern in severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiography study.

Author: Abdelgawad, Hoda, Mowafy, Bassant, Khidr, Kawkab, and Elsharkawy, Eman
Abstract: Background: Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is best described with normal left ventricular size and function, structurally normal mitral leaflets and dilated left atrium. Unlike the ventricular functional phenotype, changes in the annular geometry more than the tethering forces are the main culprit for mitral regurgitation. The aim of this study is to illuminate the leaflet-annular remodeling in patients with mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation (AF) using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE). Results: Consecutive fifty patients with AFMR underwent transthoracic echocardiography and 3D TOE: 25 patients with AF and non-mild MR and 25 patients with AF and mild MR were studied. A special mitral valve analysis software was used to accurately assess the three unique pillars for MR: annular size, leaflets' geometry and tenting parameters. Compared to the mild MR group, non-mild MR group had long-standing AF of more than 1 year and larger left atrial volumes (51.83 ± 12.07 ml/m2 vs 33.68 ± 10.97 ml/m2, p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in respect of tenting height, area and volume (13.06 ± 2.57 mm vs 11.43 ± 2.89 mm, p = 0.064, 3.58 ± 1.26 cm2 vs 2.80 ± 0.95 cm2, 0.081 and 6.70 ± 2.96 cm3 vs 5.04 ± 2.32 cm3, p = 0.081). Conversely, the non-mild MR group had larger annular area and perimeter (16.20 ± 3.90 cm2 vs 13.51 ± 3.85 cm2, p = 0.023 and 14.73 ± 1.72 cm vs 13.46 ± 1.79 cm, p = 0.033). Similarly, the non-mild MR group had larger anterior and posterior leaflets' areas (10.18 ± 4.02 cm2 vs 8.71 ± 3.08 cm2, p = 0.04 and 8.96 ± 2.60 cm2 vs 7.30 ± 2.17 cm2, p = 0.029). Correspondingly, more disproportionate leaflet-annular remodeling, as assessed by the ratio of total leaflets' area to the annular area, was noted in the non-mild MR as opposed to the mild MR group (1.22 ± 0.04 vs 1.26 ± 0.04, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Recently, AFMR has been recognized as a remarkable entity of secondary MR with unique mechanisms. Annular dilatation with disproportionate leaflet remodeling can validate the central regurgitation. However, the call for more parameters is being emphasized to characterize the suitable candidates for percutaneous interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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15. Self-expanding foam versus preperitoneal packing for exsanguinating pelvic hemorrhage.

Author: King, David Richard, Hwabejire, John O., Quynh P. Pham, Elsharkawy, Ahmed E., Eid, Ahmed I., Duggan, Michael J., Gelsinger, Shawn, Fornaciari, Michael, and Sharma, Upma
Published: 2024
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16. Unifying the approach to tackling inequalities in liver health: learning from working with underserved populations

Author: Glyn-Owen, Kate, Buchanan, Ryan M, Elsharkawy, Ahmed M, Avery, Leah, Flanagan, Stuart, Parsons, Heather, and Dhanda, Ashwin
Published: 2025
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17. Workplace hazards and safety practices in the small-scale industries

Author: ElSharkawy, Mahmoud Fathy
Abstract: The small-scale industries are considered a major sector of economic investment in the world. Small-scale industries typically suffer from problems such as poor management systems, poor safety training, difficulties in complying with legislation, and absence of safety performance. This study aimed to measure the levels of heat stress and noise and assess the safety performance in small-scale industries. Twenty industrial workshops were selected representing four different types of small-scale industries (foundries, automotive repair, metal processing, and aluminium processing) in Alexandria, Egypt. Inside each selected workshop, both levels of heat stress and noise were measured by calibrated instruments. A pre-designed checklist evaluated the adequacy of the safety performance. Noise levels ranged between 86.4 ± 2.0 and 89.7 ± 2.7 dB exceeding the recommended value (85 dB). In the most studied workshops, the levels of heat stress were relatively high, especially in the foundries. Besides, the safety practices at all these workshops were poor or very poor. The most obvious safety problems included poor housekeeping, lack of PPEs, inadequate illumination, absence of emergency exits, and insufficient fire extinguishers. The results emphasize the responsibility of the local authorities to give more attention and interest to this type of industry.
Published: 2024
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18. Self-expanding foam versus preperitoneal packing for exsanguinating pelvic hemorrhage

Author: King, David Richard, Hwabejire, John O., Pham, Quynh P., Elsharkawy, Ahmed E., Eid, Ahmed I., Duggan, Michael J., Gelsinger, Shawn, Fornaciari, Michael, and Sharma, Upma
Abstract: Percutaneous injection of ResQFoam improves survival in two lethal, closed-cavity animal models of pelvic hemorrhage
Published: 2024
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19. Alterations in white matter integrity in Egyptian youth with smartphone dependence: does DTI have a role?

Author: Reda, Alaa Mohamed, Elsharkawy, Ahmed, Kamel, Mostafa Mamdouh, and Hasby, Sara Essam
Subjects: SMARTPHONES, COMPULSIVE behavior, BRAIN, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, EGYPTIANS, LONGITUDINAL method, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), CASE-control method, SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics), ADOLESCENCE, ADULTS
Abstract: Background: Smartphones provide various functions that facilitate our communication, organization, and entertainment in different situations. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a method measuring tissue microstructure as well as white matter integrity of the brain and detecting early changes. Several research studies recently aim to utilize conventional MRI for assessing brain structural alterations among smartphone users, but our study was aimed at identifying the DTI value while assessing white matter alterations in Egyptian youth with smartphone dependence. Results: Our prospective case–control study involved fifty-three individuals with smart phone dependence (SPD group) as well as twenty-five volunteers who represented the control group. SPD individuals and controls were right-handed. The SPD group mean age exhibited 20.54 ± 1.56 years, while controls exhibited 26.8 ± 15.1 years. When utilizing smart phone addiction scale-short version, SPD group median total score exhibited 33. The diagnostic performance of fornix (fractional anisotropy) FA and external capsule fractional anisotropy (EC FA) regarding area under curve (AUC) exhibited significant increase as opposed to all other tested regions, with a sensitivity of 90.6% as well as a specificity of 96%. While regarding the mean diffusivity (MD), the greatest (AUC) was for EC (0.927, p < 0.001), in which the MD value = 0.825 was the cutoff value and able to diagnose the smart phone dependency with a sensitivity of 92.5% as well as a specificity of 76%. Conclusions: Quantitative DTI parameters (FA, MD) in different white matter regions can diagnose and detect white matter changes in excessive smartphone users even when conventional MRI data are normal. This study demonstrates the recent noninvasive MRI technique value while revealing covered brain white matter alterations in Egyptian youth due to smartphone overuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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20. Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity.

Author: Mosaad, Youssef M., Morzak, Mena, Abd El Aziz El Chennawi, Farha, Elsharkawy, Ashraf A., and Abdelsalam, Maha
Abstract: This study aims to explore the effects of fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relation to obesity. Fat mass obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 164 patients and 100 controls, and genotypes, alleles, and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. A significant association with T1D development was found with the TC, CC, and TC+CC genotypes and the C allele of MC4R rs17782313. In addition, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be risky for T1D development. While the TC and TC+CC genotypes of MC4R rs17782313 may be protective against obesity development, the AA genotype and A allele of FTO rs9939609 may also be protective against obesity development. Regarding obese subjects, comparing diabetics vs. non-diabetic studied subjects, FTO rs9939609, TA, AA, and TA+AA genotypes and the A allele had significantly higher frequencies in T1D with a higher risk of developing T1D. However, conducting multivariable analysis using significant covariates in univariable analysis revealed that only earlier age of T1D onset, lower C-peptide, and the MC4R dominant model were considered independent predictors of obesity within T1D. The role of both genes' polymorphisms on the pathogenesis and the outcome of T1D and obesity can help in understanding the pathogenesis of both diseases and their associations with each other's and may be used as novel therapeutic targets for both diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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21. Evaluation of the role of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and their relation to obesity

Author: Mosaad, Youssef M., Morzak, Mena, Abd El Aziz El Chennawi, Farha, Elsharkawy, Ashraf A., and Abdelsalam, Maha
Published: 2024
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22. Role of adding dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and magnesium sulphate to caudal block as preemptive analgesia in hypospadias repair in pediatrics: A randomized double-blinded prospective trial.

Author: Ghoniem, Basma M., Shams, Gamal Hendawy, Abdelsalam, Wafaa, Medhat, Sherif, and Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Fawzy
Abstract: Background: The caudal block (CB) is a quick, and safe approach for pediatric analgesia. Numerous adjuvants were added to extend the analgesia duration. Our trial aims to evaluate the significance of CB by adding dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and MgSO4 to bupivacaine to provide postoperative analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias repair. Methods: This randomized double-blinded study was performed on 75 male children undergoing hypospadias repair under CB. Patients were randomized into three equal groups. All received 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% caudally plus 1 ml volume containing either dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg in Group D, 0.5 mg/kg ketamine in Group K or 50 mg of MgSO4 in Group M. Results: Time of first rescue analgesia was significantly delayed in group D (8.2 ± 3.45 h) than in group K (5.8 ± 2.85 h) and group M (3.7 ± 1.51 h) (P value = 0.007 vs. <0.001) and in group K than in group M (P value = 0.027). Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure measurements after block and 60 min intraoperative reduced significantly in group D than in K and Group M. At 6 h and 12 h, FLACC scores were considerably lower with Group D compared to Group K, and Group M, and ketamine group compared to Group M at 4 h. The total amount of pethidine consumed 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in Group D than in Group K and Group M. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine as an additive to the CB significantly prolonged time to first analgesia required and decreased total rescue opioid consumption compared to ketamine and MgSO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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23. Role of Thoracoscore and ESOS in Prediction of Outcomes after Thoracic Surgeries.

Author: Morsy, Islam, Abdelwaha, Amr A., Salem, Heba, ElSharkawy, Mohammed Said, and Almawardy, Hussein Gamal
Abstract: Background: The use of scores in thoracic surgery has been done recently. European Society Objective Score (ESOS) and Thoracoscore are the most popular scores used in thoracic operations. This work aimed to compare ESOS and Thoracoscore's ability in predicting the mortality after thoracic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study involved 282 cases who were admitted to thoracic surgery unit, Tanta University Hospitals and other hospitals whose Thoracoscore and ESOS were calculated from January 2017 to December 2022. Results: Mortality rate at 30 days postoperative was 7.44% in our study. Pneumonectomy and MV (mechanical ventilation) were significantly associated with mortality (P value < 0.001). Thoracoscore can predict mortality (P value = 0.004 and AUC = 0.629) with 61.9% sensitivity, 56.70% specificity, 10.3% positive predictive value (PPV), and 94.9% negative predictive value (NPV). ESOS can predict mortality (P value = 0.006 and AUC = 0.662) with 85.71% sensitivity, 37.55% specificity, 9.9% PPV and 97% NPV. ESOS was an independent significant predictor for mortality while Thoracoscore was not. Conclusions: ESOS and Thoracoscore are applicable tools in predicting the mortality after thoracic surgeries. However, ESOS is more sensitive and more specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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24. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anesthesia resident's training program in Cairo University Hospital.

Author: Mohamed, Dina Mahmoud, Hassanein, Hagar, ElSharkawy, Fahima M., ElShal, Sahar M., and Hussam, Ayman
Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the training process of anesthesia residents in Cairo University Hospital regarding technical skills, operative, and critical care experience. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included two groups of anesthesia residents according to the time of their residency in relation to the pandemic (before-pandemic group [N = 44] and during-pandemic group [N = 42]). The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding their training. The questionnaire included technical skills experience (regional anesthesia, vascular access, and advanced airway techniques, soft tissue ultrasound), operative and critical care experience, and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) rotation. The quality of training was graded as adequate, moderate, or deficient training according to the number of performed procedure/managed cases. Comparisons of continuous data were done using the Mann-Whitney test, and qualitative categorical was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: All the participants completed the questionnaire. The training in the during-pandemic group was lesser than that in the before-pandemic group for most of the technical skills except for soft tissue ultrasound which was more in the during-pandemic group. The operative experience was less in the during-pandemic group than that in the before-pandemic group. On the other hand, the ICU experience was more in the during-pandemic group than that in the before-pandemic group. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the training program of anesthesiology residents with regard to elective procedures and produced over-training in critical care subspeciality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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25. A Clinically Explainable AI-Based Grading System for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Author: Elsharkawy, Mohamed, Sharafeldeen, Ahmed, Khalifa, Fahmi, Soliman, Ahmed, Elnakib, Ahmed, Ghazal, Mohammed, Sewelam, Ashraf, Thanos, Aristomenis, Sandhu, Harpal S., and El-Baz, Ayman
Abstract: We propose an automated, explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) diagnosis. Mimicking the physician's perceptions, the proposed xAI system is capable of deriving clinically meaningful features from optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan images to differentiate between a normal retina, different grades of AMD (early, intermediate, geographic atrophy (GA), inactive wet or active neovascular disease [exudative or wet AMD]), and non-AMD diseases. Particularly, we extract retinal OCT-based clinical imaging markers that are correlated with the progression of AMD, which include: (i) subretinal tissue, sub-retinal pigment epithelial tissue, intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, and choroidal hypertransmission detection using a DeepLabV3+ network; (ii) detection of merged retina layers using a novel convolutional neural network model; (iii) drusen detection based on 2D curvature analysis; (iv) estimation of retinal layers' thickness, and first-order and higher-order reflectivity features. Those clinical features are used to grade a retinal OCT in a hierarchical decision tree process. The first step looks for severe disruption of retinal layers' indicative of advanced AMD. These cases are analyzed further to diagnose GA, inactive wet AMD, active wet AMD, and non-AMD diseases. Less severe cases are analyzed using a different pipeline to identify OCT with AMD-specific pathology, which is graded as intermediate-stage or early-stage AMD. The remainder is classified as either being a normal retina or having other non-AMD pathology. The proposed system in the multi-way classification task, evaluated on 1285 OCT images, achieved 90.82% accuracy. These promising results demonstrated the capability to automatically distinguish between normal eyes and all AMD grades in addition to non-AMD diseases.
Published: 2024
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26. Novel dye adsorbent materials based on ionic liquid-derived natural wool/silica composites: preparation, characterization, and adsorption capacity

Author: Elsharkawy, Wafaa B., El-Sayed, Mohamed H., Mazi, Wafa, Jame, Rasha, Abdelaziz, Mahmoud A., Alenazi, Duna A. K., and Saleh, Ahmed K.
Abstract: Graphical Abstract:
Published: 2024
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27. Prioritization of Egyptian Road Maintenance Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Author: Fawzy, Mohamed Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Ahmed Shawky, Hassan, Abbas Atef, and Khalifa, Yasser Ali
Abstract: Maintenance procedures are often used to slow the rate of road pavement deterioration. Developing an effective pavement maintenance plan for the road network while considering the maintenance budget is considered a challenging task. This manuscript presents the development of a multi-criteria decision-making model to prioritize the regular maintenance and rehabilitation of road network pavement. An Egyptian real-life case study consisting of 20 road sections on 10 routes is analyzed to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities in prioritizing regular maintenance. The model computations are performed in two stages: (1) identify maintenance and rehabilitation factors for six criteria, which are pavement quality (performance), road safety, traffic level, pavement age, road class, and construction quality; and (2) utilize the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to calculate the weight of criteria that influence decision-making on pavement maintenance and rehabilitation to generate an overall index for each road and arrange it ascendingly. These capabilities of the developed model for maintenance decision-making used as a guideline in prioritizing the road network maintenance plan, while considering the annual maintenance budget. The priority of pavement maintenance was arranged and implemented by the agencies, which had a successful impact on the road maintenance system in Egypt.
Published: 2024
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28. Knowledge, perception, and practices regarding climate change among students of Al-Azhar University for Girls in Cairo, Egypt

Author: Elsharkawy, Safaa Abdelfattah, Elsheikh, Asmaa Abdelghany, and Refaat, Laila Abdel Raheem
Abstract: Aim: To assess knowledge, perception, and practices regarding climate change (CC) among university students and to investigate the relationships between knowledge levels and reported practices in response to CC. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 768 undergraduate students from the practical and theoretical faculties of Al-Azhar University for Girls in Cairo. Results: Most (82.6%) students had heard the term CC and believed it affected their communities. Approximately 57.8% of the students possessed good knowledge about the causes and impacts of CC. The utilization of renewable energy sources, reduction of industrial pollution, and proper waste disposal were mentioned by over 90% of the students as measures to cope with CC. The most popular practices among participants were using energy-efficient lightbulbs (89.2%), short distance walking rather than riding (65.4%), and using public transportation rather than private cars (65%). There were significant positive relationships between the students’ knowledge and practice of environmentally friendly actions. In addition, participants’ residence, faculty, and information sources were significantly related to their knowledge. Conclusions: Most of the university students were aware of CC and strongly agreed with the general mitigation measures, but they had insufficient knowledge and inadequate practices. CC education focusing on its causes and explaining its relationship with daily activities is highly recommended for youth so that they can adopt climate-friendly practices.
Published: 2024
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29. Effect of anesthetic strategies on distal stroke thrombectomy in the anterior and posterior cerebral artery

Author: Meyer, Lukas, Stracke, Christian Paul, Broocks, Gabriel, Wallocha, Marta, Elsharkawy, Mohamed, Sporns, Peter B, Piechowiak, Eike I, Kaesmacher, Johannes, Maegerlein, Christian, Hernandez Petzsche, Moritz Roman, Zimmermann, Hanna, Naziri, Weis, Abdullayev, Nuran, Kabbasch, Christoph, Behme, Daniel, Thormann, Maximilian, Maus, Volker, Fischer, Sebastian, Mo¨hlenbruch, Markus A, Weyland, Charlotte Sabine, Langner, Soenke, Ernst, Marielle, Jamous, Ala, Meila, Dan, Miszczuk, Milena, Siebert, Eberhard, Lowens, Stephan, Krause, Lars Udo, Yeo, Leonard LL, Tan, Benjamin Y Q, Gopinathan, Anil, Gory, Benjamin, Galvan Fernandez, Jorge, Schu¨ller Arteaga, Miguel, Navia, Pedro, Raz, Eytan, Shapiro, Maksim, Arnberg, Fabian, Zeleňák, Kamil, Martínez-Galdámez, Mario, Alexandrou, Maria, Kastrup, Andreas, Papanagiotou, Panagiotis, Dorn, Franziska, Kemmling, André, Psychogios, Marios-Nikos, Andersson, Tommy, Chapot, René, Fiehler, Jens, and Hanning, Uta
Abstract: BackgroundNumerous questions regarding procedural details of distal stroke thrombectomy remain unanswered. This study assesses the effect of anesthetic strategies on procedural, clinical and safety outcomes following thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs).MethodsPatients with isolated DMVO stroke from the TOPMOST registry were analyzed with regard to anesthetic strategies (ie, conscious sedation (CS), local (LA) or general anesthesia (GA)). Occlusions were in the P2/P3 or A2–A4 segments of the posterior and anterior cerebral arteries (PCA and ACA), respectively. The primary endpoint was the rate of complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 3) and the secondary endpoint was the rate of modified Rankin Scale score 0–1. Safety endpoints were the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality.ResultsOverall, 233 patients were included. The median age was 75 years (range 64–82), 50.6% (n=118) were female, and the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 8 (IQR 4–12). DMVOs were in the PCA in 59.7% (n=139) and in the ACA in 40.3% (n=94). Thrombectomy was performed under LA±CS (51.1%, n=119) and GA (48.9%, n=114). Complete reperfusion was reached in 73.9% (n=88) and 71.9% (n=82) in the LA±CS and GA groups, respectively (P=0.729). In subgroup analysis, thrombectomy for ACA DMVO favored GA over LA±CS (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.24 to 7.57, P=0.015). Rates of secondary and safety outcomes were similar in the LA±CS and GA groups.ConclusionLA±CS compared with GA resulted in similar reperfusion rates after thrombectomy for DMVO stroke of the ACA and PCA. GA may facilitate achieving complete reperfusion in DMVO stroke of the ACA. Safety and functional long-term outcomes were comparable in both groups.
Published: 2024
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30. Mononuclear Cell Adenosine Deaminase in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Author: Saeed, Saeed, Mahdi, Mamdouh, Elsharkawy, Magdi, Elsaeed, Kadry, Mahmoud, Gilan, and El Saadaw, Sameh
Abstract: Abstract: Infections are considered as an important complication of uremia. The cause of immunosuppression in patients with renal failure is not exactly localized. Defect in the mononuclear cells with disturbance related to adenosine metabolism was presumed to be an important contributor to immune dysfunction in patients with renal failure. The study was carried out on 30 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis (HD) (group 1), 30 patients with chronic renal impairment in predialysis periods (group 2), and 30 healthy control subjects (group 3). The complete medical history of all the patients, with respect to clinical examination, echocardiography, and nerve conduction studies was obtained. The mononuclear cell adenosine (MCAD) level, and mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase (MCADA) activity were measured. The MCAD level was higher in group 1 than in group 2, and was significantly higher in both groups than in the control group. However, the MCADA activity was found to be significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2, and was considerably lower in both groups when compared with the control group. The MCAD was found to be positively correlated to the history of infection and negatively correlated to the ejection fraction in groups 1 and 2. There was a positive correlation between MCAD and the presence of neuropathy in group 1, but not in group 2. The MCADA activity was found to be low in patients with chronic renal failure, which further decreased with HD. This condition may lead to high level of MCAD, which is related to the development of infection, neuropathy, and myocardial depression in those patients.
Published: 2024
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31. Surface engineering of Sio2-Zro2films for augmenting power conversion efficiency performance of silicon solar cells

Author: Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Amira, Velu Kaliyannan, Gobinath, Gunasekaran, Raja, Rathanasamy, Rajasekar, Palaniappan, Sathish Kumar, Alkallas, Fatemah H., Elsharkawy, W.B., and Mostafa, Ayman M.
Abstract: Improving solar cell performance hinges significantly on the application of anti-reflective surface coatings. A wide variety of coating techniques, including blade coating, spin coating, dip coating, and others were employed. The present research investigation employed various coating materials, namely SiO2(Silicon dioxide), ZrO2(Zirconium dioxide), and SiO2–ZrO2blends, to apply a protective layer onto polycrystalline silicon solar cells using the sputter coating process. The efficiency of these solar cells with multilayer coating was assessed through diverse characterization methods. The uniform thin films were obtained using a 45-min coating process using an input voltage source of 17 kV, which was confirmed through analyses conducted using FESEM and AFM techniques. The UV–Vis spectroscopy and current-voltage source metre were employed to examine the light absorption and transmittance of bare and coated silicon solar cells. When compared to alternative solar cells, the solar cell coated with a combination of SiO2and ZrO2demonstrated uniform deposition and a low light reflectance of only 6 %. SiO2–ZrO2gains a highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.6 % under controlled light source. This superior performance was due to the increase in photon transmittance in to the depletion region. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity of the SiO2–ZrO2blend coated solar cell was measured using the four-probe method was found to be 2.89 × 10−3 Ω-cm, which was lower than that of other solar cells. From the experimental results, it was clear that SiO2- ZrO2blend-coated solar cells outperformed both other coated and uncoated solar cells. Consequently, SiO2–ZrO2blends emerged as superior anti-reflective materials for achieving peak performance.
Published: 2024
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32. Studying the effect of addition of lithium titanate on crystallinity and electrical properties of PPY-C /PVA nanocomposite for optoelectronic applications

Author: Alkallas, Fatemah H., Alghamdi, Shoug M., Albeydani, Ohood, Rashed, Effat A., Alsubhe, Emaan, Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Amira, Mwafy, Eman A., Elsharkawy, W.B., and Mostafa, Ayman M.
Abstract: This study involved the preparation of novel samples of polypyrrole-doped carbon/polyvinyl alcohol/lithium titanate nanocomposites, PPY-C/PVA/LiO, with a tuning of LiO concentration using the casting technique to be applicable in different applications. Various analytical procedures were employed to examine their optical, morphological, structural, and electrical properties. It was decided that the PPY-C/PVA is an amorphous structure that became crystalline when LiO NPs were added. This happened because the functional groups of the PPY-C/PVA and LiO NPs interacted with each other. It confirmed that by appearing the new characteristic diffraction peaks of LiO and the new vibrational stretching peak at 588 cm−1of the metal-O bond and deducing the uniform distribution of the blend matrix with an increase in the number of white dots, it served as evidence of the impact of surface roughness on tuning the electrical properties of the nanocomposite. Also, studies on conductivity showed that as the concentration of LiO goes up, AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss all go down. This is because more nanofiller is added, more immobile ions form in clumped areas, and dipole polarization goes down. Also, adding LiO NPs to the polymeric matrix makes the matrix's chains less flexible, which raises the crystallinity ratio. The obtained results suggest that the prepared PPY-C/PVA/LiO nanocomposite is promising candidates in the fabrication of nano-electronic devices.
Published: 2024
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33. Exploring the pharmacy students' perspectives on off-campus online learning experiences amid COVID-19 crises: A cross-sectional survey.

Author: Elnour, Asim Ahmed, Abou Hajal, Abdalla, Goaddar, Rola, Elsharkawy, Nada, Mousa, Samar, Dabbagh, Nour, Mohamad Al Qahtani, Mariam, Al Balooshi, Sara, Othman Al Damook, Nosayba, and Sadeq, Adel
Abstract: [Display omitted] • The e-learning during COVID-19 has placed enormous challenges for the pharmacy students integrity and effectiveness of learning. • The e-learning has transformed the pharmacy students learning into more exciting and challenging environment that may impact their assessment and examination results. • The e-learning has changed the academic culture of pharmacy students of learning with prosperous future prospects. The pandemic of COVID-19 has placed many challenges for pharmacy students' learning experiences via the online e- system. There is paucity of studies that addresses this in colleges of pharmacies in United Arab Emirates (UAE). We have explored the preparedness, attitudes, experiences, and barriers/facilitators, and delineated factors that may affect the pharmacy students' e-learning process amid the COVID-19 crises. The current study was cross-sectional, and survey-based (anonymously self-administered) that utilized theoretical domains framework. The survey (multiple statements) was comprised of four domains (based on theoretical domain framework) that has elaborated on the preparedness, attitudes, experiences and barriers for the pharmacy students' e-learning (all years and interns). The validated (Cronbach Alfa 0.821) and piloted survey posted to the Google form and a link distributed to the pharmacy students. The survey was comprised of four domains (34 statements), distributed as five in preparedness, eleven in attitude, eleven in the experiences, and seven in the barriers/facilitators (theoretical domains framework). The primary outcome was the total sum of scores of individual statements and each individual four domain of the questionnaire (preparedness, attitude, experiences, and barriers/facilitators). Two hundred thirty respondents participated in the survey (230/400, response rate 57.5%), of which 193 were females (83.9%) versus 37 males (16.1%). The mean age (years) was 19.9 ± 1.9 (males 19.8 ± 1.6 and females 20.0 ± 1.9). The mean total score for preparedness Q1 to Q5 (domain maximum score 25); and for the attitude Q6 to Q16 (domain maximum score of 60) were 14.9 ± 3.8 (95% CI 14.4 – 15.4; P < 0.05), 29.5 ± 7.4 (95% CI 28.6 – 30.5; P < 0.05) respectively. While for the experiences Q17 to Q27 (domain maximum score 55); and for the barriers/facilitators Q28 to Q34 (domain maximum score 30) 40.1 ± 8.0 (95% CI 39.1 – 41.1; P < 0.0001), and 20.9 ± 4.9 (95% CI 20.3–21.5;P < 0.05) respectively. Our pharmacy students support the use of e-learning in pharmacy education, and seems prepared for the future technology moves in education. The colleges of pharmacies need to conduct further research on versatile innovative models such as virtual learning/artificial intelligence that fits with their students' perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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34. Ameliorative Effects of Exogenous Potassium Nitrate on Antioxidant Defense System and Mineral Nutrient Uptake in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Salinity Stress.

Author: Abeed, Amany H. A., Saleem, Muhammad Hamzah, Asghar, Muhammad Ahsan, Mumtaz, Sahar, Ameer, Amina, Ali, Baber, Alwahibi, Mona S., Elshikh, Mohamed S., Ercisli, Sezai, Elsharkawy, Mohsen Mohamed, Ali, Shafaqat, and Soudy, Fathia A.
Published: 2023
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35. MR enterography in small bowel diseases, adding multipoint Dixon sequence, is it worth?

Author: Reda, Alaa Mohamed, Saleh, Rasha Aly, Elgawish, Mahmoud Abdelhamid, and Elsharkawy, Ahmed
Abstract: Background: MR enterography (MRE) has been increased in the last decade as a modality of choice in diagnosis and evaluation of small bowel diseases in both children and adults. Lacking ionizing radiation, non-invasiveness, excellent soft tissue resolution, adequate luminal distension of small bowel loops are the advantages of this technique. Acquisition of images was used to be: T2WI, steady-state free precession, and T1WI, fat-suppressed gadolinium contrast-enhanced sequences. Multipoint Dixon sequence was added recently to the routine MR enterography protocol. The current study aimed to evaluate the added value of multipoint Dixon sequence as a valuable modification of MR enterography protocol for better assessment of small bowel lesions as activity of Crohn's disease, small bowel polyps, fibrotic strictures, with modification of MRE protocol in the future with less time consumption and better radiological evaluation. Methods: The current research was a prospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected prospectively after getting ethical approval from the ethical committee of the faculty of medicine, in our university. Study population: The sample size was 69 adult patients with suspected small bowel lesions, within the period from January 2022 to 30th December 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all studied cases before the study, who were enrolled in this study. This number was calculated by using MedCalc 19 program by setting alpha error significance of 0.05%, 95% confidence level, and 80% power sample. Results: This study enrolled 69 patients with recurrent abdominal pain and/or bleeding in stool. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 50 years, with a mean of 32.6 ± 8.8. There is slightly higher female prevalence. The most common positive imaging findings in the studied patients were mucosal thickening in terms of submucosal fat deposition (36.23% of the MRE examination and 39.13% of the MRE with added Dixon sequence). Adding Dixon sequence yielded significantly higher AUC (97.2% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.047), higher sensitivity (100% vs. 92.16%), specificity (94.4% vs. 88.89%), accuracy (98.55% vs. 91.3%), positive predictive value (98.08% vs. 95.92%), and negative predictive value (100% vs. 80%). Conclusions: MRE is an excellent imaging modality in the assessment of small bowel diseases without the use of ionizing radiation. Developing MR-based sequences as multi-point Dixon sequence have the potential to improve the ability of MRE to image the subtle changes as Crohn's accompanying early inflammatory changes and fibrosis, as well as small intestinal polyps. Familiarity with MR enterography is essential for radiologists and gastroenterologists who participate in the clinical management of small intestinal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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36. Antifibrotic therapy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: time for a human-centric approach

Author: Brennan, Paul N., Elsharkawy, Ahmed M., Kendall, Timothy J., Loomba, Rohit, Mann, Derek A., and Fallowfield, Jonathan A.
Abstract: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might soon become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Fibrosis severity is the only histological predictor of liver-related morbidity and mortality in NASH identified to date. Moreover, fibrosis regression is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, despite numerous clinical trials of plausible drug candidates, an approved antifibrotic therapy remains elusive. Increased understanding of NASH susceptibility and pathogenesis, emerging human multiomics profiling, integration of electronic health record data and modern pharmacology techniques hold enormous promise in delivering a paradigm shift in antifibrotic drug development in NASH. There is a strong rationale for drug combinations to boost efficacy, and precision medicine strategies targeting key genetic modifiers of NASH are emerging. In this Perspective, we discuss why antifibrotic effects observed in NASH pharmacotherapy trials have been underwhelming and outline potential approaches to improve the likelihood of future clinical success.
Published: 2023
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37. Usefulness of combined diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labelling and spectroscopic interictal analysis in refractory epilepsy.

Author: Reda, Alaa Mohamed, Elsharkawy, Ahmed, and Hasby, Sara Essam
Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder especially in pediatric population. Patients with non-lesional epilepsy have normal conventional MRI findings. In the recent era of advances in neuroimaging studies, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) can assess the tissue microstructure. Also, arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive modality that evaluates cerebral blood flow. Multiple recent publications aimed at use of single or two new modalities in lateralization of epileptogenic focus in epilepsy, but the current study aimed to evaluate the added value of combined (DTI, ASL and MRS) in vivo localization of interactable epilepsy with negative conventional MRI findings. Results: This prospective case control study was carried out in the period from January 1st, 2022 to October 1st, 2022 after approval of local ethical committee in our institution. Written informed consent was obtained from patients and healthy volunteers who were enrolled in this study. The current study included 46 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers as a control group. The mean age in the patient group was 22.3 ± 12.2 years, and in the control group, it was 23.8 ± 15.1 years. The highest area under the curve (AUC) was for spectroscopy (0.913), the difference in NAA/Cr showed sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 90%, while NAA/Cho + Cr showed a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 88%, the difference in rCBF showed an AUC of 0.89, with a cutoff value of 3.815 had a sensitivity of 80.4% and a specificity of 85%. As regards DTI, the changes in DTI parameters show sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 80% in lateralization of the epileptic focus. The difference in FA only showed an AUC of 0.86, with a cutoff value of 0.01 had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 75% and the difference in MD only showed an AUC of 0.771, with a cutoff value of 0.545 had a sensitivity of 67.4% and a specificity of 70%. The diagnostic performance of MRS in terms of the AUC was significantly higher than ASL parameters (difference in NAA/Cr, p = 0.033 and difference in NAA/Cho + Cr, p = 0.044), and MD (p = 0.02). No other statistically significant differences were shown between the studied parameters. When the three methods were combined, all patients' epileptogenic foci were correctly localized and lateralized. Conclusions: Combining ASL, DTI and H-MRS provided excellent diagnostic performance in localization and lateralization of the epileptogenic focus. If this combination is not applicable in clinical practice, ASL could provide a considerably accurate and feasible method in this context. The present study supported the value of the new noninvasive MRI techniques in the elaboration of hidden brain pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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38. Study on the optimal stack diameter on the efficiency of thermoacoustic engine

Author: Farikhah, Irna, Elsharkawy, E. A., Nuroso, Harto, Novita, Mega, Marlina, Dian, Rahmatunnisa, Kwartriani, Rahim, Irfan Abd., Zain, Mohd Zarhamdy Bin Md, Paad, Khairunnisa Mohd., and Masruri, Ahmad Nadhif
Published: 2023
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39. Recycled polystyrene/polyvinylpyrrolidone/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for optoelectronic devices

Author: Alrefaee, Salhah H., Trabelsi, Amira Ben Gouider, Abdelhamid, Ahmed E., Ward, Azza A., Elsharkawy, Wafaa, Alkallas, Fatemah H., Mostafa, Ayman M., Al-Ahmadi, Ameenah N., Nafee, Sherif S., Adel Pashameah, Rami, and Khalil, Ahmed M.
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites based on recycled polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with various reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loadings were prepared through a facile casting technique for enhancing the electrical conductivity of the insulator waste polystyrene to be applicable in electronic devices. The prepared nanocomposites were investigated by different techniques. FTIR analysis shows a reduction and shift of the main vibrational peaks of the blend, which confirms the introduction of (rGO) to the polymeric matrix, while XRD diffractograms provide complementary evidence for the transformation of graphene oxide into (rGO). The SEM image of the fractured edge of the sample points to a homogenous distribution of the PVP inside the major phase of the PS matrix. Moreover, the TEM image shows graphene oxide nanoparticles appearing in the form of dark lamellar structures with some light dots on a gray background, representing the polymeric domain. Besides, the TGA shows the existence of (rGO) led to some shifts in the PS and PVP onset decomposition temperatures when compared to the reference blend sample. Besides, the conductivity and dielectric properties of the prepared nanocomposites were characterized over a wide frequency range. Introducing (rGO) considerably enhanced their dielectric constant and ionic conductivity. The conductivity of these nanocomposites ranged from 10−11to 10−6 S/m. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of these composites were tested through frequencies, 0.1 Hz - 1 MHz, at 30 °C. The obtained values of the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and DC conductivity (σdc) suggested that the prepared nanocomposites could be used in various technological sectors such as energy storage, electronics, anti-static, and electro-static dissipation applications.
Published: 2023
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40. Use of Telemedicine for Postdischarge Assessment of the Surgical Wound

Author: Glasbey, James, Trout, Issi, Adeyeye, Victoria, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adisa, Adewale, Bhatt, Alisha, Biccard, Bruce, Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Allen Ingabire, Jean De La Croix, Dossou, Francis Moïse, Durán, Irani, Dutta, Rohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gyamfi, Frank, Hardy, Pollyanna, Hyman, Gabriella, Jain, Ritu, Kadir, Bryar, Knight, Stephen, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Lawani, Ismail, Lawani, Souliath, Lillywhite, Rachel, Macefield, Rhiannon, Magill, Laura, Martin, Janet, Mathers, Jonathan, McLean, Kenneth, Mistry, Unam, Mittal, Rohin, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Ofori, Emmanuel, Pearse, Rupert, Peón, Alberto, Pinkney, Thomas, Medina, Antonio Ramos de la, Ronald, Tubasiime, Roman, David, Simoes, Joana, Slade, Anita, Tabiri, Stephen, Smith, Donna, Harrison, Ewen, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James, Trout, Issi, Bhangu, Aneel, Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee Emmy, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Adisa, Adewale O, Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Altamini, Afnan, Alexander, Philip, Al-Saqqa, Sara W, Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Cornick, Jen, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Drake, Thomas M, Fergusson, Stuart J, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Glasbey, James, Ingabire, J.C Allen, Ismaïl, Lawani, Jaffry, Zahra, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Khatri, Chetan, Kirby, Andrew, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L, Mohan, Midhun, Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thomas, Poškus, Tomas, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, la Medina, Antonio Ramos-De, Rayne, Sarah, Recinos, Gustavo, Søreide, Kjetil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Lilford, Richard, Morton, Dion, Harrison, Ewen M, Bhangu, Aneel, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Ismaïl, Lawani, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexis, Tabiri, Stephen, Kalles, Vassilis, Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Recinos, Gustavo, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Amandito, Radhian, Quek, Roy, Pata, Francesco, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donatas, Zilinskas, Justas, Poskus, Tomas, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, la Medina, Antonio Ramos-De, Bentounsi, Zineb, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Søreide, Kjetil, Gala, Tanzeela, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H., Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Rayne, Sarah, Spence, Richard, Ortega, Irene, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Abdulbagi, Omar, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Marta Modolo, Susan Aviles Maria, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Iyer, Morgan Haines Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D’Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Umme Salma, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Amin, Shadid Al, Haque, Rezaul Karim Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O’Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Litvin, Ramesh Jonnalagadda Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dzianis, Djivoh, Vladimir Khokha Fernande, Ismaïl, Lawani, Morel Seto, Francis Dossou Djifid, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Stephane Ahounou, Fred Hodonou Ernest Yemalin, Bedada, Thierry Alihonou Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Kwizera, Sandrine, Choi, Venerand Barendegere Philip, Stock, Simon, Jamal, Luai, Firdouse, Mohammed, Zani, Augusto, Azzie, Georges, Kushwaha, Sameer, Agarwal, Arnav, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Montes, Irene, Zapata, Felipe, Sierra, Sebastian, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villegas, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Sierra, Sebastian, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Domini, Edgar, Karlo, Robert, Mihanovic, Jakov, Youssef, Mohamed, Elfeki, Hossam, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Tawfik, Gehad, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Abdallah, Emad, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Raouf, Eman Abd Al, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El-Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd-Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul-Naga, Mariam Saad, El-Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Ahmed, Mohamed Karkeet Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Ezzat, Mahmoud Salama Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El-Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Elfouly, Yasmin, Elfouly, Nesma, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Bin Hasnan, Muhammad, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Bin Adnan, Ahmad, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Abdul Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji, Amreia, Mahmoud, Al-Marakby, Dina, Salma, Mahmoud, Bin Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Maha Nasr, Aya Yehia Ata, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El-Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Alm Eldeen, Usama Hantour Esraa, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El-Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael-Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel-Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Attia, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid Attia, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Attar, Samaa Mahmoud Al, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Khalid Abd El-Latif, Khalil Abdul Bassit Nadia, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Meligy, Amgad Al, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel-Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Ghanem, Sara, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, Mostafa, Esraa El-Taher Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El-Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Talving, Peep, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodros, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Leppäniemi, Ari, Sallinen, Ville, Parmentier, Benoît, Peycelon, Matthieu, Irtan, Sabine, Dardenne, Sabrina, Robert, Elsa, Maillot, Betty, Courboin, Etienne, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Hascoet, Juliette, Abbo, Olivier, Kaci, Amir Ait, Prudhomme, Thomas, Ballouhey, Quentin, Grosos, Céline, Fourcade, Laurent, Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois, Colombani, Delforge, Francois-Coridon Helene Xavier, Haraux, Elodie, Dousset, Bertrand, Schiavone, Roberto, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Marret, Jean-Baptiste, Haffreingue, Aurore, Rod, Julien, Jean-François Lecompte, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Bréaud, Jean, Gastaldi, Pauline, Taieb, Chouikh, Claire, Raquillet, Anis, Echaieb, Bustangi, Nasir, Lopez, Manuel, Scalabre, Aurelien, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Mariani, Aurora, Podevin, Guillaume, Schmitt, Françoise, Hervieux, Erik, Broch, Aline, Muller, Cecile, Tabiri, Stephen, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Bandoh, Dickson, Abantanga, Francis, Kyereh, Martin, Asumah, Hamza, Appiah, Eric Kofi, Wondoh, Paul, Gyedu, Adam, Dally, Charles, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Amoah, Michael, Yifieyeh, Abiboye, Owusu, Frank, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel, Dayie, Makafui, Hagan, Richmond, Debrah, Sam, Ohene-Yeboah, Micheal, Clegg-Lampety, Joe-Nat, Etwire, Victor, Dakubo, Jonathan, Essoun, Samuel, Bonney, William, Glover-Addy, Hope, Osei-Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu-Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu-Mensah, William, Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare-Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku-Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Amoako, Saiba Abdul-Latif Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolaos, Ferousis, Christoforos, Kalles, Vasileios, Agalianos, Christos, Kyriazanos, Ioannis, Barkolias, Christos, Tselos, Angelos, Tzikos, Georgios, Lytras, Evangelos Voulgaris Dimitrios, Bamicha, Athanasia, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Stefanopoulos, Anastasios, Patoulias, Ioannis, Sfougaris, Dimitrios, Valioulis, Ioannis, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Georgios, Konstantina, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos Kolonia, Zampitis, Nikolaos, Papailia, Stylianos Germanos Aspasia, Theodosopoulos, Theodosios, Gkiokas, Georgios, Mitroudi, Magdalini, Panteli, Christina, Feidantsis, Thomas, Farmakis, Konstantinos, Kyziridis, Dimitrios, Ioannidis, Orestis, Gemenetzis, Styliani Parpoudi Georgios, Parasyris, Stavros, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Aguilera-Arevalo, Michail Margaritis Maria-Lorena, Coyoy-Gaitan, Otto, Tale, Javier Rosales Luis, Soley, Rafael, Rodriguez, Emmanuel Barrios Servio Tulio Torres, Galvez, Carlos Paz, Cruz, Danilo Herrera, Rosenberg, Guillermo Sanchez, Matheu, Alejandro, Cohen, David Monterroso, Paul, Marie, Charles, Angeline, Lam, Justin Chak Yiu, Yeung, Man Hon Andrew, Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn, Li, Ka Hin Gabriel, Lai, Anthony Chuk-Him, Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric, Wong, Hong Yee, Leung, Ka Wai, Lee, Tien Seng Bryan, Lam, Wai Him, Dao, Weihei, Kwok, Stephanie Hiu-wai, Chan, Tsz-Yan Katie, Ng, Yung Kok, Liu, TWC Mak Qinyang, Foo, Chi Chung, Yang, James, Kumar, Basant, Bhatnagar, Ankur, Upadhyaya, Vijaid, Muddebihal, Sunil Kumar Uday, Dar, Wasim, Alexander, KC Janardha Philip, Aruldas, Neerav, Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Rulie, Anthonius Santoso, Iskandar, Ferdy, Setiawan, Jonny, Evajelista, Cicilia Viany, Natalie, Hani, Suyadi, Arlindawati, Gunawan, Rudy, Karismaningtyas, Herlin, Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih, Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu, Hasanah, Afifatun, Widiastini, T Ariani, Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu, Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana, Rahmah, Dina Faizatur, Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda, Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana, Adhitama, Novia, Jeo, Wifanto Saditya, Sutandi, Nathania, Clarissa, Audrey, Gultom, Phebe Anggita, Billy, Matthew, Haloho, Andreass, Amandito, Radhian, Johanna, Nadya, Lee, Felix, Radin Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman, Glynn, Martha, Alherz, Mohammad, Goh, Wennweoi, Shiwani, Haaris A., Sproule, Lorraine, Conlon, Kevin C., Bala, Miklosh, Turati, Asaf Kedar Luca, Bianco, Federica, Steccanella, Francesca, Gallo, Gaetano, Trompetto, Mario, Papandrea, Giuseppe Clerico Matteo, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sacco, Rosario, Benevento, Angelo, Pata, Francesco, Giavarini, Luisa, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Bucci, Luigi, Pagano, Gianluca, Sollazzo, Viviana, Peltrini, Roberto, Birindelli, Gaetano Luglio Arianna, Di Saverio, Salomone, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Mingrone, Pietro, Pata, Domenica, Selvaggi, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Pellino, Gianluca, Curletti, Natale Di Martino Gianluca, Aonzo, Paolo, Galleano, Raffaele, Berti, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Boni, Silvia, Lorenzon, Laura, Conte, Annalisa lo, Balducci, Genoveffa, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Laura Gavagna, Giovanni Pesenti, Vasquez, Giorgio, Targa, Simone, Occhionorelli, Savino, Pata, Dario Andreotti Giacomo, Armellini, Andrea, Aquilino, Deborah Chiesa Fabrizio, Chetta, Nicola, Abdelkhalek, Arcangelo Picciariello Mohamed, Belli, Andrea, Bigaran, Silvia De Franciscis Annamaria, Favero, Alessandro, Salusso, Stefano M.M Basso Paola, Perino, Martina, Mochet, Sylvie, Sasia, Diego, Riente, Francesco, Merlini, Marco Migliore David, Basilicò, Silvia, Lazzari, Carlo Corbellini Veronica, Macchitella, Yuri, Angelieri, Luigi Bonavina Daniele, Coletta, Diego, Falaschi, Federica, Catani, Marco, Reali, Claudia, Malavenda, Mariastella, Basso, Celeste Del, Ribaldi, Sergio, Coletti, Massimo, Natili, Andrea, Depalma, Norma, Iannone, Immacolata, Antoniozzi, Angelo, Gui, Davide Rossi Daniele, Perrotta, Gerardo, Ripa, Matteo, Giardino, Francesco Ruben, Foco, Maurizio, Vicario, Erika, Coccolini, Federico, Ansaloni, Luca, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Leone, Nicoletta, Bondurri, Andrea, Simioni, Anna Maffioli Andrea, De Boni, Davide, Goldin, Sandro Pasquali Elena, Vendramin, Elena, Tedeschi, Eleonora Ciccioli Umberto, Bortolasi, Luca, Violi, Paola, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Conci, Simone, Lazzari, Giovanni, Iacono, Calogero, Gulielmi, Alfredo, Rinaldi, Serena Manfreda Anna, Ringressi, Maria Novella, Salamone, Beatrice Brunoni Giuseppe, Mangiapane, Mirko, Marco, Paolino De, Brocca, Antonella La, Tutino, Roberta, Silvestri, Vania, Licari, Leo, Fontana, Tommaso, Falco, Nicolò, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Bsisu, Claudio Arcudi Isam, Aljboor, Khaled, Abusalem, Lana, Alnusairat, Aseel, Qaissieh, Ahmad, Al-Dakka, Emad, Ababneh, Ali, Yusufali, Oday Halhouli Taha, Lando, Hussein Mohammed Justus, Parker, Robert, Ndegwa, Wairimu, Jokubauskas, Mantas, Gribauskaite, Jolanta, Kuliavas, Donatas Venskutonis Justas, Dulskas, Audrius, Samalavicius, Narimantas E., Jasaitis, Kristijonas, Parseliunas, Audrius, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Montrimaite, Margarita, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvinas, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Subocius, Andrejus, Venclauskas, Linas, Gulbinas, Antanas, Bradulskis, Saulius, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindaugas, Zilinskas, Justas, Jankus, Tomas, Pažuskis, Steponas Petrikenas Matas, Urniežius, Zigmantas, Vilčinskas, Mantas, Banaitis, Vincas Jonas, Gaižauskas, Vytautas, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povilas, Rackauskas, Rokas, Drungilas, Mantas, Lagunavicius, Karolis, Lipnickas, Vytautas, Majauskyté, Dovilè, Jotautas, Valdemaras, Abaliksta, Tomas, Uščinas, Laimonas, Simutis, Gintaras, Ladukas, Adomas, Danys, Donatas, Laugzemys, Erikas, Mikalauskas, Saulius, Poskus, Tomas, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Višinskas, Petras, Žilinskienė, Reda, Vaicius, Deividas Dragatas Arturas, Mazelyte, Ruta, Kaselis, Antanas Zadoroznas Nerijus, Žiubrytė, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Hervé, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Cornelius, Msosa, Vanessa, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Chai, Nelson Msiska Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Pui Xin Chin, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Salleh, Afizah, Roslani, Nur Zulaika Riswan April Camilla, Chong, Hoong-Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat-Seong, Chai, Chu-Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Reynu Rajan Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Mat, Tuan Nur’Azmah Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A.L., Der, Yishan, Tew, Yong Yong, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, Nasir, Wan Nurul ‘Ain Wan Mohd, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Borg, Elaine, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Doris, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Farrugia, Alexia, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro-Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Vermaas, Chaymae Benyaiche Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Adeniran, James, Habeeb, Olufemi, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adebanjo, Ademola, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Mendel, Adewale Adeniyi Henry, Bello, Bashir, Osinowo, Umar Muktar Adedapo, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Alakaloko, Felix, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elebute, Olumide, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chris, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Williams, Omolara, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Oludara, Mobolaji, Njokanma, Iloba, Osuoji, Roland, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Olori, Aminu Mohammad Samson, Mshelbwala, Philip, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Adeyeye, Ademola, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Søreide, Kjetil, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mads, Gaarder, Eirik Kjus Aahlin Tina, Monrad-Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedrius, Wiborg, Joachim, Augestad, Silje Holte Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Monteleone, Michela, Moe, Thomas Tetens, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al-taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Qumbos, Amjad Abu, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Abdelhaq, Azher Herebat Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu-toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa’treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Enas, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al-Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Idress, Yousef Abuowda Tasneem, Al-saqqa, Eman Abuqwaider Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al-farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Ashour, Israa Awad Ahmad, Al-khatib, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi Ahmed, Al-faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, ashour, Ahmad, Nadeem, Ahed Ghaben Najwa, Abbasy, Muhammad Saqlain Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Gala, Tanzeela, Bhopal, Noman Shahzad Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Butt, Muhammad Talha, ul Razi, Syed Asaat, Ahmed, Asdaq, Raza, Ali Khan Niazi Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani-Sadar, Ahmad, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awais, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Vega, Mohammadasim Amjad Gustavo Miguel Machain, Cardozo, Jorge Torres, O´Higgins Roche, Marcelo, Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen, Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia, Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez, Espinoza, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo Fernando, Rojas, Angel David Pérez, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Torres, Shalon Guevara, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel-Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos, Carpio, Juan, Panez, Walter Ruiz, Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio, Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán, Espinoza, Kevin Turpo, Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval, Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui, Shu, Sebastian, Fuentes-Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Romani, Diego, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras-Vergara, Ana Lucia, Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara, Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzales, Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante, Ticona, Willy Alcca, Vargas, Marvin, Sila, George Christian Manrique, Mas, Robinson, Paucar, Arazzelly del Pilar, Velásquez, Armando José Román, Robledo-Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Espinoza, Kenny Turpo, Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki, Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez, Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid, Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B., Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Walędziak, Christel Leanne Almanon Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Major, Piotr, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Costa-Maia, Jose, Melo, Renato, Muntean, Liviu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Kourdouli, Amar, Mircea, Mariuca Popa Hogea, Vartic, Mihaela, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Beuran, Mircea, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Ingabire, J.C Allen, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Jovine, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo Elio, Zanini, Nicola, Aljiffry, Giovanni Landolfo Murad, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Alkaaki, Aroub, Khoja, Ahmad, Nawawi, Abrar, Turkustani, Sondos, Khalifah, Eyad, Gudal, Ahmad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Alzahrani, Mohammed Najjar Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Saied, Ghiath Al, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Hassanain, Mazen, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Subaie, Norah Al, Bastawis, Fatema Al, Altamimi, Afnan, Nouh, Thamer, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Lieske, Bettina, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Pluke, Kuok Chung Lee Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, James, Spence, Richard, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Tun, Myint, Toit, Frederick Du, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Moore, Rachel, Jennings, Vicky, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Rayne, Sarah, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Kong, Victor, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, du Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Mabitsela, Parveen Karjiker Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Garcia-Florez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar Luis, Otero-Díez, Jorge L., Pérez, Virginia Ramos, García, Nuria Aguado Suárez Javier Minguez, Moreno, Sara Corral, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Gonzalez, Javier García Septiem Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Ortega, Irene, Espin-Basany, Eloy, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, García, Lorena Solar, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Pagnozzi, Janet, Sanz, Sandra, de León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joseluis, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Fernandez-Vega, Tamara Diaz Vico Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Garcia-Perez, José Maria, Segura-Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Jayathilake, Angela Mazzella A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Sanni, P.M.S.N. Wimalge Hakeem Ayomi, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Cengiz, Yucel, Björklund, Ida, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Thorell, Anders, Sokratous, Fredrik Wogensen Arestis, Sigurdadottir, Michaela Breistrand Hildur Thorarinsdottir Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Elbe, Abbas Chabok Maria Hjertberg Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Niska, Louise Forlin Karoliina, Oswald, Malin Sund Dennis, Peros, Georgios, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Raptis, Adrian Palma Dimitri Aristotle, Zumbühl, Lucius, Schmid, Markus Zuber Roger, Nocito, Gabriela Werder Antonio, Gerosa, Alexandra, Widmer, Silke Mahanty Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Zuk, Alissa Gübeli Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Altinel, Yuksel, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Sapci, Halil Alis Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Baris, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Karabulut, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Walker, Ali Guner Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Stoddart, Michael, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Elshaer, Mohamed, Hunter, Kristina, Liew, Ahmed Al-Bahrani Ignatius, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Chowdhury, Mobeen Qureshi Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Lim, Shujing Jane, Tan, Charlene, O’Neill, Stephen, Jones, Catrin, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, Warren, Oliver, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioannis, Currow, Chelise, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Luck, Joshua, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, James, Lund, Jonathan, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond-Smith, Stefano Giuliani Giles, Pezas, Theodore, Farhangmehr, Neda, Urbonas, Tomas, Perenyei, Miklos, Ireland, Philip, Blencowe, Natalie, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Smart, Neil, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, James, Teasdale, Ella, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Alhammali, Tariq, Salama, Yahya, Kabariti, Rakan, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thomas, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, James, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Connor, Katie, Mann, Thomas, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Griffiths, Ewen, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L’Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Teasdale, Ella, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Mclean, Kenneth, D’Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Irwin, Gareth, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Gravante, Gianpiero, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Dindyal, Shiva, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Baillie, Katie, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Tyler, Robert, Soon, Wai Cheong, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Karandikar, Sharad, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Monaghan, Eimear, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Gash, Katherine, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Etchill, Eric, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Caliman, Asad Choudhry Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Narayanan, Ragavan, Swaroop, Mamta, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Schadde, Erik, Hemmila, Mark, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Maimbo, Mayaba, Van Der Naald, Niels, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece-Smith, Alex, Otten, Kars, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloes, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Balmaceda, Ruben, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Rod, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicolas, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Wondoh, Paul, Papageorgiou, Dimitrios, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, Kumar, Basant, O’Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Realis, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Notarnicola, Margherita, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justas, Strupas, Kestutis, Kondrotas, Paulius, Baltrunas, Robertas, Kutkevicius, Juozas, Ignatavicius, Povilas, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Anass, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero-Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Mironescu, Aurel, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos-Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobias, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Wolf, Bernhard, Fairfield, Cameron, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Wilson, Michael, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, James, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Halhouli, Oday, Sam, Zi Hao, Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh, Ismaïl, Lawani, Pata, Francesco, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Coccolini, Federico, Ansaloni, Luca, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and Escobar, Eugenio Grasset
Published: 2023
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41. Occupational Physical Hazards and Safety Practices at Dental Clinics

Author: Alamri, Abdulaziz, ElSharkawy, Mahmoud Fathy, and Alafandi, Dalal
Published: 2023
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42. Effect of 2 Load-Absorbing Crown Materials on The Peri-Implant Supporting Structures: A 1-Year Prospective Clinical Study.

Author: Eltantawy, Shimaa, Shakal, Mahmoud, Sultan, Sherif, and Elsharkawy, Sherif
Subjects: POLYETHER ether ketone, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract: Clinical studies assessing the effect of load absorbing crown materials on the peri-implant supporting structures are lacking. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two loadabsorbing crown materials on the peri-implant supporting structures. Thirty participants aged between 20 and 45 years received a single implant in the maxillary premolar area. 10 implants were restored with metal-ceramic (MC) crowns, 10 implants with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) crowns, and 10 with resin-ceramic (RC) crowns. The crestal bone loss (CBL) and certain clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline (at cementation of the definitive crown), at 6 months, and at 12 months. The clinical parameters assessed were probing depth (PD), modified plaque index (MPI), and modified sulcus bleeding index (MSBI). The tested clinical parameters did not show a significant difference at different follow-up times. The reported CBL in all groups was within the clinically accepted levels (< 0.459 to 0.55 mm at 12 months of implant placement). Regarding the intra-group comparisons of CBL results, In the MC group, there was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) between 12 months and baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023

43. Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block with adrenaline additive for post-dural puncture headache in orthopedic patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Author: Abotaleb, Amany Mohamed, ElSharkawy, Mohammed Said, and Almawardy, Hussen Gamal
Abstract: Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common condition that occurs following an accidental dural puncture. The work aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of analgesia of sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPB) (lidocaine 4% with adrenaline) for PDPH in orthopedic patients. This randomized prospective open-label-controlled trial was conducted on 60 cases aged 18–60 years, both sexes American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II with severe PDPH during seven days after subarachnoid blockage for surgeries of lower limbs. Cases were randomized into two equal groups: Group MT: received medical treatment paracetamol 1 gm/6 hour daily, Group SPB: received SPB by using lidocaine 4% and adrenaline (1/2,000,000). The analgesia was effective if visual analogue scale (VAS) was < 4 in the first 48 hours. Patients with VAS ≥ 4 received diclofenac 75 mg/12 hour if pain was not controlled. Epidural blood patch was used in case of unrelieved pain after 3 days. There were significant quicker onset and longer duration of analgesia in group SPB compared to group MT (P = 0.001 and 0.03, respectively). VAS score was insignificantly different at baseline and 48 hours and was significantly lower in group SPB compared to group MT at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The need for EBP was significantly lower in group SPB B than group MT (16.7% versus 46.7%). SPB is an effective method for PDPH in orthopedic patients with quicker onset and longer duration of analgesia and lower VAS score compared to medical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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44. Impacts of land-use changes and landholding fragmentation on crop water demand and drought in Wadi El-Farigh, New Delta project, Egypt.

Author: Elsharkawy, Mohamed M., Nabil, Mohsen, Farg, Eslam, and Arafat, Sayed M.
Abstract: Despite Egypt's limited water resources, more lands in the western desert of the Nile Delta are currently being reclaimed to increase the agricultural area to feed its fast-growing population and provide jobs for new generations. These reclaimed lands are prone to drought since they are located in arid regions with limited water resources for irrigation. Moreover, a high rate of landholdings fragmentation was observed with the migration of large numbers of new farmers to the newly reclaimed areas. Hence, the current work uses remote sensing data to investigate the impacts of landholdings fragmentation and land-use changes on irrigation water demand and drought propagation in two selected sites in Wadi El-Farigh area, one of the newly reclaimed valleys in the western desert of Egypt. To achieve that goal, high-resolution satellite images were used to quantify the land-use changes and patterns. The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) was used to estimate the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2010 to 2020. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) were used to monitor drought. Results indicated a large transformation of seasonal herbaceous crops to tree-fruit crops in the two study sites. However, landholding fragmentation caused a reduction in the total cultivated area and thus the accumulated water consumption over one study site. Although the accumulated ETa decreased following the decline in the total cultivated area, the ETa rate per hectare increased by 18.4% and 19.6% for trees and herbaceous crops, respectively, reflecting the negative impact of climate change. ESI and SPI time series confirms that the area became extremely dry, particularly after 2017. In conclusion, land use and climate change increased crop water demand, while landholding fragmentation led to cropland loss. Hence, more policies for land protection and adaptation strategies to climate change are essentially needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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45. The British Association for the Study of the Liver commitment to equality, diversity, and inclusivity

Author: Jones, Rebecca, Phillips, Sandra, Elsharkawy, Ahmed, Singhal, Saket, Leithead, Joanna, Chokshi, Shilpa, Towey, Jennifer, Subhani, Mohsan, Wood, Catherine, Davidson, Katherine, Kooner, Emily, Aithal, Guruprasad, and Oben, Jude A
Published: 2023
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46. 65 Neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia: A tale of three cities in Canada West

Author: Kowalczyk, Alexandra, Balay, Celine, Nguyen, Bao-Nghi, Elsharkawy, Adel, Hamilton, Claire, McKanna, Julie, Kuan, Mimi, Wong, Jonathan, and Ting, Joseph
Published: 2024
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47. COVID-19's effects on the Egyptian population's brain: Could MRI and specialized MR spectroscopic analysis be beneficial?

Author: Reda, Alaa Mohamed, Elsharkawy, Ahmed, and Dawoud, Tamer Mahmoud
Abstract: Background: The recent pandemic of COVID‐19 has thrown the world into chaos due to its high rate of transmissions. Recently viewed neurological manifestations among hospitalized Egyptian patients with COVID‐19 in quarantine centres. Ataxia, disturbed consciousness and convulsions should be further evaluated by MRI and MRS for CNS involvement by SARS‐CoV‐2. How COVID-19 targeting the CNS is still under study, as it is difficult to predict which diagnostic neurological tests will be used to identify high-risk COVID19 patients. MR spectroscopy represents a non-invasive in vivo diagnostic technique for evaluation of metabolic profile of the brain and can reveal important information about the underlying pathologies. Multiple recent reports in the medical literature had confirmed the neurological complications in COVID-19 infection, though few studies has reported the MR spectroscopic findings in these patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to use MRI and MR spectroscopic findings for evaluation of the neurological manifestation of Egyptian COVID‐19 patients. Results: Ninety-one male and twenty-seven female met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 52 years ± 10 (SD) (age range; 12–78 years). The commonest neurological manifestations were disturbed conscious level (82.2%). The most common MRI findings were acute ischemic insult with/without haemorrhagic areas (42.3%), demyelinating patches of altered signal intensity (31.3%). Sixty cases who had haemorrhagic areas were excluded to perform MRS due to contamination of the spectra by blood component. However, the remaining 67 patients had NAA reduction, choline elevation, glutamate/glutamine and lactate elevation in short TE35, with mean of NAA/Cr ratio = 1.04 ± 0.14, Choline/Cr = 0.49 ± 0.04 and Glx/Cr = 1.56 ± 0.22. Conclusions: During the current pandemic of COVID-19, radiologists should be aware of wide spectrum of MRI and MRS findings of COVID-19-related CNS involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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48. The role of screening of patients proved to have gastroesophageal reflux disease by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases

Author: Elsharkawy, Samar Hassan, Osman, Ahmed Mohamed, Hamed, Asmaa Rashad Abdou, and Ghaly, Ragy Mamdouh
Abstract: Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent digestive illness in North America, causing symptoms and complications. It affects 18.1–27.28% of people and is associated with decreased quality of life. Treatment improves quality of life, but treatment costs are higher. The study aims to assess the role of screening of patients proven to have GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases. Subjects and methods: This research was cross-sectional research. The study will be conducted at the Chest Diseases Department of Ain Shams University hospitals. This prospective cross-sectional research will be performed on 90 randomly selected cases diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. For 1 year. Result: The findings of chest HRCT for enrolled patients are 15 patients (16.7%) showed positive CT findings suggestive of interstitial lung disease, whereas 75 patients (83.3%) had normal CT scans. The most common CT finding was atelectasis reported in nine patients (10%). a statistically significant correlation between age and fibrosis and reticular infiltration, female gender, and reticular infiltration. no statistically significant association between CT findings and each of the chest symptoms and GERD symptoms. Conclusion: CT chest screen of patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a favorable role in the early detection of ILD to help in early management and treatment them. In patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we revealed that: reticular infiltration is more prevalent in female gender. Reticular infiltration and fibrosis increase with older age. Reticular infiltration and atelectasis increase in patients who have a hiatus hernia. Cough, dyspnea, and wheezes increase in older age.
Published: 2024
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49. Prevalence and predictors of hepatic steatosis among HIV patients with and without chronic hepatitis C

Author: Elsharkawy, Aisha, Alem, Shereen Abdel, Moustafa, Saeed, Elnggar, Shymaa, Cordie, Ahmed, Esmat, Gamal, and Moustafa, Ahmed
Abstract: Background and purpose of the study: Hepatic steatosis (HS) is a common and important histologic finding in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, little is known about this finding in HCV patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Purpose of the study: To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of HS among HIV patients with and without HCV. Methods: A cross-sectional including 47 HIV mono-infected and 50 HIV/HCV patients. Detailed demographic, laboratory and clinical data were collected. A transient elastography (TE) examination with the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was performed for all patients. Steatosis was scored on a scale from 0 to 3 according to the percentage of steatosis involving hepatocytes. Results: HS was detected in 18 /50 (36%) HIV/HCV co-infected patients and 22 /47 (46.8%) HIV mono-infected patients. In addition, HCV mono-infected patients were more likely to have grade 2 steatosis as compared with HIV/HCV co-infected individuals (25.5% vs. 12%). LSM was significantly higher among HIV/HCV co-infected patients (p= 0.003). When dividing HIV/HCV co-infected and HIV mono-infected group according to CAP values. BMI, abdominal wall thickness, and bright liver were significantly associated with SHS (CAP ≥ 238 dB/m) in both groups. Diabetes was only significantly associated with SHS in HIV/HCV co-infected group BMI was the only independent predictor of SHS among the whole group and subgroup analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of HS was lower in HIV/HCV co-infected patients compared to HIV mono-infected patients; we cannot say that HCV has a protective role against HS in co-infected patients. More fibrosis progression was common in the HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
Published: 2024
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50. MXene@c-MWCNT Adhesive Silica Nanofiber Membranes Enhancing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Insulation Performance in Extreme Environments

Author: Han, Ziyuan, Niu, Yutao, Shi, Xuetao, Pan, Duo, Liu, Hu, Qiu, Hua, Chen, Weihua, Xu, Ben Bin, El-Bahy, Zeinhom M., Hou, Hua, Elsharkawy, Eman Ramadan, Amin, Mohammed A., Liu, Chuntai, and Guo, Zhanhu
Abstract: The SiO2nanofiber membranes and MXene@c-MWCNT6:4as one unit layer (SMC1) were bonded together with 5 wt% PVA solution.When the structural unit is increased to three layers, the resulting SMC3has an average electromagnetic interference SETof 55.4 dB and a low thermal conductivity of 0.062 W m−1K−1.SMCxexhibit stable electromagnetic interference shielding and excellent thermal insulation even in extreme heat and cold environment.
Published: 2024
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