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Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have been used in population genetics, anthropology, archaeology and forensic. Chinese Han population with 1.3 billion people is the largest homogeneous ethnicity in the world. Here, we reanalyzed the allele frequency distributions and forensic parameters of 30 InDels included in Qiagen Investigator DIPplex kit in a Meta-Han Chinese population and then explored the genetic affinity between Meta-Han group and other 31 Chinese ethnic populations belonging to different administrative divisions using F st genetic distances, multidimensional scaling (MDS), phylogenetic analysis and Structure. The values of CPD and CPE in Han Chinese are 0.999999999984 and 0.9879 respectively, which indicating this panel is informative in Han Chinese and can be used for forensic individual identification, while just be served as a supplementary tool for parentage testing. The comprehensive population comparisons reveal that Han Chinese have the genetically closer relationship with Fujian She and Zunyi Miao. Findings from pairwise genetic distances, MDS and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that genetic affinity is related to ethnic origin, geographical distribution and linguistic background. STRUCTURE analysis indicates that the same language or ethnic origin populations or geographically adjacent groups have similar ancestry composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the grave markers and associated mortuary rituals of Newfoundland's Chinese immigrants, especially those who came before 1949, in order to understand them in the religious context of Newfoundland. The goals of this article are, firstly, to demonstrate emergent creolized diasporic identity and culture by presenting how early Chinese immigrants used Christianity to gradually gain social acceptance and, secondly, to challenge the popular idea that conversion by Chinese immigrants was only strategic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of "new" minorities within states as a result of international migration constantly changes the societal diversity of European states. Additionally, the existence of "old" minorities and relationships between kin-state and kin-minority affect inter-group, intra-state and inter-state relations. Tensions and conflicts in Ukraine stand as a current example. The social diversity dynamic involving "old" and "new" minorities is characterized by the features of ethnicity, culture, language and/or religion. The social integration of persons belonging to these groups needs to be addressed by governments in order to maintain resilient, viable and stable societies. While integration policies have remained, to a large extent, within states' national discretion, international human rights norms set certain limits to national policies. The views of international expert bodies relying on human rights provide, at best, states with useful insights and tools to design national policies and concrete measures of integration. There is no easy formula, but good integration policies need to consider an array of legal and non-legal elements, recognize differences and changing identities, nurture a sense of belonging, balance individual rights with integration aims, and involve multi-level actions and multiple actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Chinese have become one of the most widely dispersed races across the globe. Yet they have often implicitly resisted this dispersion by a powerful, but often unspoken, mythic commitment to the image of China as an enduring homeland, rather than accepting any irreversible transfer of cultural allegiance and identity to the receiving country. Part of this myth of temporary exile, held and cherished by some diasporic groups, has been the dream of "going back," the return to one's roots. Increasingly, modem tourism apparently offers an easily accessed and temporary mechanism for going back to a Chinese "homeland" and seeking to discover and explore authentic Chinese identity. This article focuses on the possibilities of diasporic reconnection through tourism and specifically the role of heritage tourism encounters in an ethnic homeland from which some have been separated for long periods, and others have never seen. It explores theoretical and empirical issues attached to diasporic identity and "homecoming" tourism, using case study data collected from Chinese diasporic tourists from Sarawak on a package tour of China. In presenting the results, the analysis adopts a dual interpretative approach to heritage that evolved from the data analysis, in which it was decoded by the tour party members as both observations of the quotidian cultural activities and values of the Chinese people, and observations of the selective constructions of public culture provided and promoted by public agencies. The two perceived aspects of heritage generated contradictory responses within the tour party that were partly a reflection of perceptions and judgments about the intrinsic features of things observed (e.g., their authenticity and social acceptability). They were also due to differences in the backgrounds of members of the diasporic party in terms of language resources, span of generational residence in Sarawak as emigrants from China, and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay discusses Nie Hualing's novel Sangqing yu Taohong (Mulberry and Peach: Two Women of China) as a literary text that intensely engages Chinese identity and Chineseness as a global, transnational cultural phenomenon, while at the same time narrating a story of migration to the US that spurs the emergence (within the text) of some of the most localized, politically charged concerns of Asian American cultural discourse. While the publication of Nie's novel coincides with the initial articulations of Asian American identity in the context of political activism, Sangqing yu Taohong/Mulberry and Peach also anticipates the growing interest for contextualizing the Asian American experience as a transnational phenomenon. In its representation of Chinese migration to America and female sexuality as issues that stretch ethical and political boundaries and blur the distinction between private and public discourses, this novel constructs identity as both politicized and uncontainable, anticipating, again, some key components of Asian American cultural discourse since the 1990s. This excess of signification reproduces the tension between "model minorities" and "bad subjects" that makes Asian American discourse inescapably political. This political nature, in turn, intertwines public and private frameworks of reference, as well as ethnic, national, and transnational dimensions of signification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, Chinese immigrants and their descendants are noted for their propensity towards entrepreneurship. Adopting an interactive and multi-factorial approach inspired by Waldinger's model, based on sixty interviews with ethnic Chinese from Paris, Brussels and Montréal, we analyse the stage of creating a business. To do this, we base ourselves on our respondents' personal characteristics, the motivations advanced by them and the means implemented in order to mobilize the financial resources necessary for opening a company. We then establish profiles of entrepreneurs based on three oppositions between observed characteristics, namely between the transplanted entrepreneur and the neo-entrepreneur, between the entrepreneur by default and by choice, between the community and the individualistic entrepreneur. The diversity of the profiles and the itineraries observed in the three cities, which last sometimes conform to one explanatory model and at other times to another, confirms the relevance of a multi-factorial theoretical perspective, which however deserves to be refined according to the case, as well as a constructivist approach to the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]