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Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices hold great promise for indoor light harvesting, offering a theoretical upper limit of power conversion efficiency that surpasses that of other photovoltaic technologies. However, the presence of high leakage currents in OPV devices commonly constrains their effective performance under indoor conditions. In this study, we identified that the origin of the high leakage currents in OPV devices lay in pinhole defects present within the active layer (AL). By integrating an automated spin-coating strategy with sequential deposition processes, we achieved the compactness of the AL and minimized the occurrence of pinhole defects therein. Experimental findings demonstrated that with an increase in the number of deposition cycles, the density of pinhole defects in the AL underwent a marked reduction. Consequently, the leakage current experienced a substantial decrease by several orders of magnitude which achieved through well-calibrated AL deposition procedures. This enabled a twofold enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV devices under conditions of indoor illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonic state estimation (HSE) is an useful technique for determining harmonic voltages and currents in electric power systems based on synchronized measurements and network impedances parameters. However, measurements and parameters data can be corrupted by gross errors yielding unsatisfactory estimation results. Despite recent methods have been proposed for HSE in power systems, there are few works considering both harmonic state variables and parameters estimation. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a generalized harmonic state estimation considering uncertain network parameters and synchronized measurements. In the proposed approach, harmonic voltage and current phasors are obtained by measurement units allocated along the system. Network parameters, such as line and load impedances, are treated as inequality constraints in an optimization problem formulation considering both system state variables and parameters to be determined by the proposed HSE. The main contribution of this research paper is the use of a deterministic approach for estimating both harmonic state variables and parameters with reduced estimation errors when compared with the traditional weighted least squares (WLS) technique. Computational simulations are carried out using the IEEE test systems and results are also validated using RSCAD (Real-Time Simulation Software Package) software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to investigate the vibration behavior of soft magnetoelastic plates mounted close to the rectangular conductors conducting current that can be efficiently applicable in structures. New relationships are derived for electromagnetic interaction forces with magnetoelastic plates using the general form of Maxwell's equations and Lorentz forces. Based on von-Kámán strain-displacement relations and Hamilton's principle, nonlinear differential equations are further derived for the plate through classical first-order shear deformation theory. This research numerically investigates how different parameters affect the resonance features of these plates by discretizing the nonlinear equations based on Galerkin method. The obtained results demonstrate that the intensity of the magnetic field and electric current profoundly affects the vibration behavior of the plates. Through these effects, loss of energy will happen in the plate which in turn results in a decrease in the oscillation amplitude over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive respirometric method is presented that allows real-time monitoring of reaction rates involving H2 and O2 during electrochemical polarization. The measurement approach is based on simultaneous monitoring of the changes in the total pressure and the O2 partial pressure inside a closed chamber. Hence, it is possible to quantify the rates resulting from reactions such as HER, ORR and OER as a function of the applied potential. As a result, deconvolution of the net electric current into cathodic and anodic partial reaction rates during electrochemical polarization can be obtained. It was demonstrated that the respirometric monitoring approach can reveal superfluous cathodic reactions from Al during cathodic polarization as well as during anodic polarization of Al and Mg AZ31. Thus, the true metal oxidation rate could be determined from the electric current and the cathodic reaction rates. Furthermore, the rate of the HER during cathodic electrodeposition of Zn was measured. Through respirometric monitoring of Ni and stainless steel at high anodic potentials, the rate of O2 evolution could be distinguished from electrode oxidation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to optimize relative humidity based on the heat transfer terms of thermoelectric atmospheric water generator from moisture in the air. The experimental thermoelectric atmospheric water generator is maintained with a 0.04 × 0.04 m2 thermoelectric cooler that can condense water vapor. The analysis shows that electricity, air mass rate, relative humidity, and incoming air temperature affect the quality and quantity of water produced from the atmosphere. The results show that increasing atmospheric moisture at a constant temperature rises the amount of water produced from the atmosphere. It is concluded that a thermoelectric AWG designed with thermos electric cooling as an electric condenser has excellent potential as a kind of power generation through renewable energy sources from the atmosphere. On the other hand, the conducted tests show that by reducing the temperature of the cooling water, the amount of produced water and the efficiency of the device increase. While the temperature of inlet air is 37 °C, the humidity is 95 %, and the electric current intensity of thermoelectric is 1 A , the amount of generated water reached 96 ml h−1. The amount of water generated for the experimental device equals 82 ml h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction wheel is a typical actuator and a crucial weak link in the spacecraft attitude control system, and much attention has been paid to its reliability problem. Due to limited samples and high cost for reaction wheel life tests, a simulation method by introducing attitude coupling dynamics and multiplicative fault concept is developed to analyze the logic of electric current as a performance indicator and verify its accuracy for reliability modeling. Furthermore, a new and intrinsic performance indicator of multiplicative fault is proposed for more application scenarios of reliability modeling and an adaptive sliding mode observer is designed for fault estimation. An illustrative example shows that the performance indicator of multiplicative fault can be used for various mission scenarios but requires certain persistent excitation, while electric current is the opposite. • A simulation method for analyzing current as a performance indicator is developed. • Multiplicative fault is introduced as a new performance indicator. • An adaptive sliding mode fault observer is designed. • The application scenarios of two performance indicators are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that thermal catalysis suffers from a lengthy response time, high power consumption, and challenges in starting and stopping. Electrothermal catalysis utilizes the Joule heat effect generated by the conductor to activate the catalyst, thereby catalyzing the oxidation of pollutants. This method presents several advantages, including decreased energy and power consumption, rapid start-stop capabilities, and enhanced reaction efficiency. The introduction of electric current expedites the generation and migration of oxygen-containing groups, thereby enhancing the redox performance of active components. It also increases the electron state density at the Fermi energy level, which in turn reduces the adsorption energy of pollutants, O 2 , and H 2 O. Additionally, it accelerates the degradation of intermediate products, lowering the activation energy of the reaction. Electrothermal catalysis has seen recent developments, yet a rational elucidation for the weighting and synergistic interaction of electronic and thermal effects in the reaction process is lacking. In this review, we propose a definition of electrothermal catalysis, delineate its applications, enumerate the research conductors and devices used, starting from catalysts. The principles governing existing reactions are summarized, and the concept of electrothermal synergistic catalysis is introduced. Finally, we explore the future trajectory of electrothermal catalysis development. This paper can promote, to some extent, the investigation into the mechanisms of electrothermal co-catalysis. thereby facilitating the design of highly efficient and energy-saving catalytic system, as well as compact electrothermal devices. Advancements in this research have the potential to lead to energy savings, reduced emissions for enterprises, and enhanced indoor air quality. [Display omitted] • An overview of electrothermal non-homogeneous catalytic pollutants. • An overview of catalysts reaction devices commonly employed in existing electrothermal reactions. • An overview of the reaction mechanism of electrothermal catalysis and introduced the concept of electrothermal co-catalysis. • The future applications of electrothermal catalysis are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large amount of fruit waste is being a great environmental and social problem due to a lack of adequate storage. Among the most abundant waste is papaya, due to its high consumption in various varieties. These wastes can generate bioelectricity through organic waste, being an important parameter the pH. In this research, lowcost laboratory-scale microbial fuel cells were fabricated, using papaya waste as fuel at different pH (4, 5.73, 7, and 9) to obtain the optimum operating pH. It was possible to observe the maximum values of electric current and voltage of 17.97 mA and 1.02 V on days 16 and 14, in the cell with pH 7; while the cell with pH was the one that showed the lowest values. The electrical conductivity values increased from the first day, observing a maximum peak of 172.50 mS/cm for the cell with pH 7. However, the internal resistance values were low, the maximum value being for the cell with pH 4 (234.61 ± 34 Ω) and the minimum for the cell with pH 7 (46.543 ± 3.6 Ω). In the same way, the maximum power density was for the cell with pH 7 of approximately 645.74 ± 33.64 mW/cm2 and a current density of 5.42 A/cm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fault diagnostics is essential for improving the reliability of electrical machines applied in smart manufacturing. For many industrial applications, AI-based solutions become viable when combined with edge-computing strategies. It means a framework with limited network bandwidth and computational processing power. The developed approach uses a low-delay lightweight recurrent neural network (LLRNN) applied to identify the unbalance of light rotating machinery. Two strategies, Long Short-Term Memory and Just Another NETwork cells, are evaluated to reduce the RNN computational cost. The goal is to allow the RNN to be shipped on devices with low computational processing while preserving excellent prediction accuracy. We also discuss the RNN hyperparameters and other relevant aspects that can improve the accuracy and performance: A metric evaluation is proposed. The main contribution is that it is possible to use fewer memory blocks with one cell each to reduce the computational cost. The fault diagnostics is done in two ways: The results are close to 100% accuracy using mechanical vibration signals and 95% using motor current signature analysis. The unbalance diagnosis using electric current data of light motors with LLRNN is also a contribution. Accurate fault diagnostics with an efficient algorithm either by the vibration or electric current datasets gives more flexibility for smart manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combines bioleaching and electrokinetics (EK) for the in-situ removal of metals from polluted mine tailings collected from an abandoned Pb-Zn mine. The proposed treatment strategy consisted in the external production of an acid bioleaching (BL) medium in a bioreactor by means of autochthonous acidophilic microorganisms incubated from real mine tailings; next, the BL medium was subsequently used as anolyte and placed in contact in situ with the polluted soil, taking advantage of EK mechanisms r for dissolution and transport of metals to the cathode compartment. After obtaining a microbial culture capable of producing the bioleaching medium, lab-scale EK experiments were performed, and the influence of the voltage dosage (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 V cm−1) was assessed. The results obtained showed that the BL medium improved the metal removal efficiency, and that the applied voltage gradient had a clear influence. Specifically, the combination of an electric current under 1.5 V cm−1 and the BL medium increased the metal removal rates by 17 % (Fe), 4 % (Cu), 2 % (Zn), 12 % (Mn), 12 % (Ni), 1 % (Cr) and 7 % (Co), as compared to those without using BL. With this novel treatment, it was also possible to comply with the local regulatory requirements for most of the metals studied. This technology offers several advantages over other EK-bioleaching configurations previously reported. It was found that the limiting factor in the process was the voltage gradient applied, as higher voltages increased metal removal yields but also producing higher soil heating with the consequent energy losses. [Display omitted] • A new bio-electrokinetic method for in situ metals removal from tailings was tested. • Externally produced bioleaching medium was used as anolyte in electrokinetic tests. • The bioleaching medium enhanced in situ metal solubilization in tailings. • Higher voltages increased metal removal yields towards the cathode compartment. • Under 1.5 Vcm−1 ohmic heating in tailings and thus energy losses were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At discharge, a battery releases the stored energy of the redox chemical reaction partially by passing electric current throughout the external circuit, and partially dissipating it in the form of heat. The amount of that heat depends on the discharging current. This heat primarily warms the battery itself. Knowing its total amount as well as the heat flow is important for the safety of batteries, especially lithium-ion ones. In battery engineering practice, it is often suggested that the heat flow P follows the Joule-Lenz law that together with the Ohm law has the form P = I² R (I is the current and R is the battery’s internal resistance); we showed that this is not true. Both total heat and heat flow can be determined relatively easily by applying general ideas of thermochemistry and thermodynamics when the battery operates under projected use conditions by comparing the dependencies of the open circuit voltage (OCV) and voltage profile of the discharging battery upon the state of charge (SoC) or depth of discharge (DoD). Although the theoretical background is universal, being applicable to any kind of battery, our paper presents the results of examining three lithium-ion batteries of extensively used chemistries: lithium iron phosphate-graphite, lithium cobalt oxide-graphite, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide-graphite. Particular attention is given to the effect of the entropy of the reactions on batteries’ thermal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithiated nickel-cobalt-manganese oxides, such as NCM523, are used in the positive electrode (cathode) of Li-ion cells. Using operando X-ray diffraction profilometry, lithiation gradients in the cathode matrix can be observed and quantified by expansion into Legendre polynomials with time-dependent weights. These weights (referred to as gradients) increase in magnitude when electric current flows through the cell, decrease during potentiostatic hold and finally relax to zero when the current is interrupted during open circuit rest. Both physics-based electrochemical models and operando X-ray experiments suggest that the time constants for gradient growth and abatement are primarily determined by ionic diffusion in the oxide particles, which in turn depends on their lithium content. In contrast, the magnitude of gradients depends mainly on the applied current. The X-ray profilometry provides a way of directly probing the formation and disappearance of Li gradients across the cathode during fast cycling, which can help to diagnose the effects of material degradation in the cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring of voltage and current signals in the electric power system (EPS) is a fundamental step for studies on power quality. Thus, the root mean square (RMS) value of a signal is one of the crucial quantities in the analysis of EPS. In the presence of distortions, voltage and current signals are discrepant from the sinusoidal waveform, which motivates the monitoring of signals' harmonic distortion. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a correct estimation of RMS values in each frequency component that composes the signals. This work presents a study aiming to evaluate the application of Stationary Discrete Wavelet Transform (SDWT) and Stationary Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (SDWPT) for estimation of RMS values in different frequency ranges. From synthetic signals, the accuracy of the estimation of RMS values obtained via SDWT and SDWPT is analyzed. Additionally, the performance of SDWT and SDWPT was compared to Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The effects of mother wavelet choice are assessed from the frequency response of wavelet filters. Furthermore, the effects of the sampling frequency choice, magnitude variation, and noisy conditions on the estimation of RMS values are also evaluated. The results indicate the existence of discrepancies between estimated values via SDWT and SDWPT and exact values when the estimation is applied to individual frequency components. In contrast, as the DFT analyzes each frequency component individually, its performance was superior to that of the SDWT and SDWPT to estimate RMS values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science of Sintering is the property of National Library of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In India, the amount of disabled persons is growing per annum. For persons with disability, special developed aids for mobility are helpful for moving and a substitute for walking particularly within the inside and outside environment also. Wheelchairs and stretchers are generally employed medical equipment for hauling. Especially when a sick person has to shift between beds and wheel chairs, the aiding person will suffers lot due to over-weight, larger height, etc. Realizing the wide-ranging problems within the moving gears and establishing a new design is going to be a benefit for the medical industry for persons with disability. The requirement for a wheelchair based stretcher to help the persons with disability to move and also to supply novel gear to be used within the hospitals and houses. The numbers of persons with disability are rising by various sorts of mishaps are monitored. With subsequent studies, the benefit of requirement for wheelchair associated stretcher was permitted for the Indian hospitals. The currently employed wheelchair based stretcher isn't sufficient to satisfy the patients or old age people's requirement. Hence, we prefer a stretcher which could be operated with the help of electric current and also capable of transforming itself between a wheel chair to stretcher and vise-versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) interact electrochemically with electrodes via extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways. These bacteria have attracted significant attention due to their utility in environmental-friendly bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), including microbial fuel cells and electrofermentation systems. The electrochemical activity of EAB is dependent on their carbon catabolism and respiration; thus, understanding how these processes are regulated will provide insights into the development of a more efficient BES. The process of biofilm formation by EAB on BES electrodes is also important for electric current generation because it facilitates physical and electrochemical interactions between EAB cells and electrodes. This article summarizes the current knowledge on EET-related metabolic and cellular functions of a model EAB, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, focusing specifically on regulatory systems for carbon catabolism, EET pathways, and biofilm formation. Based on recent developments, the author also discusses potential uses of engineered S. oneidensis strains for various biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the detection of the short-circuit faults and the active fault tolerant control (AFTC) of the brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) based on the interval type- 2 fuzzy-second order sliding mode. In this article, the main idea consists of using an algorithm to detect the fault in an electric current. This algorithm corrects the detected fault. In this study, a hybrid technique of fault tolerant control is proposed. This technique based on interval type 2 fuzzy logic and second order sliding mode. Also, it facilitates the procedures for setting and controlling the velocity of BLDCM. For that, a dynamic model for direct current has been established. Furthermore, short circuit faults have also been introduced between turns to test the robustness of the control laws. Finally, a theoretical analysis is presented and the simulations are presented in order to validate the proposed control strategy. The proposed AFTC can then achieve favorable tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous photo-electro-Fenton (HPEF) reaction is a highly efficient process using H 2 O 2 produced by in-situ two electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) after aerating for the elimination of refractory organic pollutants. Herein, an effective MOFs derived Fe/C/N @ ZIF-8 @ACF composite electrode for HPEF was prepared by loading Fe/C/N derived from Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on activated carbon felt (ACF). By supplying air, solar light, and low external electric current (32 mA·cm−2) to the cathode, ZIF-8 could generate H 2 O 2 by 2e- ORR process, and Fe/C/N could react with H 2 O 2 to form strong oxidative radicals (· OH). Photocatalysis accelerates the Fenton reaction greatly with the abundant photo-generated electrons. The HPEF activity of different systems for the degradation of antibiotics was compared. The results showed that the degradation rate of antibiotics can be greatly increased with the best of ∼100% within 100 min. Moreover, the electrode could still maintain a high activity after reuse for 4 times, which proved to be highly active, stable, and well recyclable for a rapid HPEF oxidation for abatement of antibiotic pollutants in water. • A novel Fe/C/N @ ZIF-8 @ACF composite electrode has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. • H 2 O 2 can be produced in-situ through the ORR catalysis of ZIF-8 then to be catalytic decomposed into·OH by Fe/C/N. • The Fe/C/N @ ZIF-8 @ACF showed enhanced adsorption and photoelectro-Fenton performance. • It provides a new method for the field of water treatment to treat waste water with fast, green and economic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The rapid densification of Mo-W-Cu alloy was achieved at a relatively low temperature. • The densification of Mo-W-Cu alloy was significantly improved through mechanical alloying. • Mo-W-Cu alloy prepared by MA-LCS contained three new phases besides W, Mo, and Cu. The novel Mo-W-Cu alloy exhibits relatively low density and good high-temperature resistance. However, due to the poor sintering ability of the mixed powders, enhancing the densification and properties of the alloys remains a challenge. We prepared fine-grained Mo-W-Cu alloys by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and large electric current sintering (LCS) at relatively low temperatures and short durations and then conducted a comprehensive systematic inquiry into the densification behavior, phase, microstructure, and properties of the resulting alloys. It was revealed that the MA process did not affect the phase-type of the alloy but significantly altered its densification, microstructure, and properties. In addition to the pre-existing Mo, W, and Cu phases, XRD and TEM results unveiled three new phases formed in the alloys, namely Cu 0.4 W 0.6 intermetallic compound, Mo-W solid solution, and Mo-Cu solid solution, none of which are present in an equilibrium state. The MA process is pivotal in refining powder particles, fostering elemental homogeneity, thereby enhancing the densification of Mo-W-Cu alloys. In comparison, the microstructure of the Mo-W-Cu alloys prepared with the MA process becomes denser and more homogeneous, accompanied by a marked improvement in both densification and properties. Notably, Mo-W-Cu alloys prepared with a ball milling time of 40 h exhibit optimal properties, achieving an approximate relative density of 98 %. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheduling vehicles at multiple intersections remain an issue of concern in road traffic control. Traffic lights have been widely employed in many countries, however, determining the best intersection to grant access to using the number of vehicles present as a yardstick needs to be improved on. Therefore, this article presents the design of a vehicle detector and counter system using inductive loop technology. The proposed system is majorly made up of the inductive loop section, the electronic vehicle detector section and the counter section. The inductive loop uses an electromagnetic communication to create an electric current in a nearby wire, when a vehicle crosses the loop, the inductance of the loop is increased. Based on the oscillating signal received from the inductor loop, the electronic detector section uses a voltage comparator stage and Darlington transistor arrangement to detect the vehicles on the queue. Afterwards, two up-counters and an up/down counter were used to keep track of vehicles entering and leaving the queue. The design was simulated and tested in Proteus virtual system modelling software. The simulation results obtained revealed that the design could be employed for detecting and counting vehicles at intersections so as to effectively control traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of many illegal individuals or units adopting various methods to steal electricity under the current power environment, this paper proposes an anti-theft load identification method based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). First, screen users with electricity theft and abnormal behaviors, analyze the collected voltage, current and electric energy by the electricity theft detection equipment, and use the LSTM neural network algorithm to judge the characteristics of the screened suspect users, and initially determine users with abnormal behaviors. Then comprehensively use GPS equipment to send the comparison results of the host to the master station in real time. The master station only needs to be responsible for a small amount of post-processing and statistical analysis, and intelligent diagnosis based on the characteristics of the electricity theft, so that the user can perceive the electricity theft incident on the spot in real time to avoid the loss of electricity bills, and provide a strong theoretical basis for the intelligent operation and maintenance of power companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric traction power supply system and the electric current return system in the motor vehicle circuit shall be so designed as to ensure continuity of power supply to the motor vehicle with high reliability under both normal and contingency operating conditions. To this end, the traction system is sectioned into sectors which can be coupled if necessary. The analysis of the electric traction system must include: − determining the impact on the public supply system; − knowledge of the impact of the electromagnetic field on the local population; − determination of electromagnetic interference on equipment in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional DC link AC-AC converter system, uncontrolled front end converter has inherent problem of power quality. To overcome the problem associated with uncontrolled front end converter, multilevel front end converter will be good choice for high power applications. In the paper, unity power factor control system (UPC) for active front end (AFE) neutral point clamped (NPC) 3-level converter is presented. PI controllers are used in UPC and for tuning of PI controllers it is essentially required to know the different time constants with their gains exactly for evaluating the optimized controller parameters for steady operation of the NPC rectifier. In this paper a simplified and accurate method of online tuning of PI controllers in UPC is derived and implemented for three phase AFE NPC 3-level converter. Complete design procedure for the design of control system for AFE NPC 3-level is also presented in this paper. Based on developed model, simulations are carried in MATLAB/SIMULIK environment. Experimentation results confirm the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the Active Power Filter (APF) depends on the identification strategy of the reference currents and their control. Among the control strategies proposed in the literature to identifying the reference currents, that based on Self Tuning Filter (STF) which allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the a-ß axis at high performances, without any Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The performance of STF is function of its proportional parameter. However, there is no technique existed in the literature to dimensioning the proportional parameter of the STF filter. This paper presents an improved method for identifying the reference harmonic currents to be generated by the APF, based on STF for the extraction of harmonic currents and equipped with a Fuzzy Logic Corrector (FLC) in order to improve the waveform of the electric lines currents. The FLC adjust in real time the proportional parameter of the STF filter. The proposed FLC-STF regulator allows to having an optimal extraction of the harmonic currents. The conventional hysteresis method was used for the current control technique to generate the switching sequences of the static switches of the APF voltage inverter. The obtained simulation results, performed under the MATLAB/Simulink® environment on a system feeding a non-linear load, show good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maetagused is the property of Estonian Literary Museum, Department of Folkloristics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neuroscientists describe the nerve impulses as electrical signals that travel down an axon or as a wave that has an action or electric potential. Such description may recognize a nature of the nerve impulses as electric current. However; the traditional definition of electric current as flow of electrons stands against such direct recognition of the nerve impulses, so it is defined as ions or ionic current. It will be reviewed in this study an entropy approach and results of one of Faraday's experiment which defined the electric current as electromagnetic waves that have an electric potential. Such definition of electric current is found to be consistent with recognized features of the nerve impulses. Accordingly, it is investigated in this article a definition of the nerve impulses as electric charges and not as ions to account for detected thermoelectric aspects of these electric impulses. Then, it is suggested thermoelectric mechanisms of their generation and propagation as electric charges in the neural system. Such conclusion will simplify replacement of damaged neural cells by artificial mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education trends are changing from traditional teaching to Electronic-learning and Mobile-learning. Through the development of information and communication technology, many e-learning systems were developed but, they lack in terms of user interaction. This affects student's learning, motivation, performance, thinking level, technical skills, and expertise. The accessibility of practical labs in science and engineering education with expensive equipment and apparatus is restricted for a limited amount of time for large number of students. According to the previous research, it was found that there are fewer studies in the field of electromagnetism by using Augmented Reality (AR) application. Moreover, students are facing difficulties to understand Fleming's rule and for this, no practical experiment is available in the physics lab. The solution to overcome these problems is through the use of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) labs. In this research the Concept of Fleming's rule in Electromagnetism is explained by using AR technique and the visualization of magnetic field lines, electric current and force exerted on current-carrying conductor has been done. The efficiency of the proposed system was calculated and team-based activity among secondary and applied engineering students was analyzed. The knowledge gain by the students was measured using the pre-test and post-test method. The outcomes of this research revealed that AR technology was more efficient in enhancing students' knowledge in the field of Electromagnetism. The investigation also suggests that AR application helps the students to gain higher flow understanding levels than those attained by a web-based application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have already been fully understood. Preliminary recent data demonstrated that a special case of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields, known as amplitude-modulated currents (AMC) could have a potential to accelerate the cell metabolism or cell migration. An AMC generator was designed to generate sinusoidal induced electric currents with the amplitude modulation and the harmonic carrier frequency of 5,000 Hz was modulated by frequencies of 1 to 100 Hz. The magnetic field peak was 6 mT, electric field intensity 2 V/m and the current density of induced electrical currents was approximately 1 A/m2. The coil of the generator was adapted to easy handling and safe integration into the shelf of the CO2 incubator. The shelf with the coil was prepared for the introduction of cells in standard plastic in vitro chambers. The tests focused on cells with migratory capacity after injury or during immunological processes and thus, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), dendritic cells (DC), and fibroblasts were chosen. The tests involved exposures of the cells to LF EMF (180 min/day) every day, for a period of three days, before examining them for cell death, morphology changes, and CD markers. The samples were tested by using MTT assay and the effects on the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species were quantified. The cell migration was finally measured with the help of the transwell migration assay. None of the cell types showed any decrease in the cell viability after the LF EMF application and the cells displayed minimum changes in reactive oxygen species. Functional changes (acceleration of cell migration) after AMC exposure were statistically significant for the MSC samples only. The acceleration of MSCs is associated with the production of MMP by these cells. The EMF has a potential to be a safe, clinically applicable selective activator of MSC homing, MSC paracrine production, and subsequent regeneration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aluminum alloy 1060 bars were electrically press bonded at electricity current levels 0 Å up to 300 Å. • The effect of pressing parameters on the bonding strength, was investigated using a peeling test. • More adhesive among the layers was attained by growing current and reducing thickness. • SEM has investigated the peeling surface of samples vs. the different thickness reduction ratios and electric currents. • Using SEM, the peeling surface of samples and the fracture surface around the interface were studied. Reducing fuel consumption and increasing efficiency is one of the solutions that humanity has adopted to reduce costs caused by fuel consumption in all industries, including the transportation industry. An effective solution to improve practical fuel consumption is to reduce weight. In principle, press bonding (PB), which is done using a press and is a solid-state welding process, can create a bond between parts with different materials and produce materials with lighter weight and more strength. But it should also be noted that the plasticity of some materials is very low, and these materials are incapable of machinability. Electrical assistance is a potential solution that can solve this problem by increasing the flow tension and reducing the forming force. In this study, aluminum alloy 1060 bars were electrically press bonded at electricity current levels 0 Å up to 300 Å. The effect of pressing parameters on the bonding strength, such as amount of electricity current level and plastic strain, was investigated using a peeling test. Results show that more adhesive among the layers (bonding strength) was attained by growing current and reducing thickness. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was investigated the peeling surface of samples versus the different thickness reduction ratios and electric currents. The Joule heating effect in the electrically-assisted in press bonding (EAPB) process decreases the forming strength of bars and increases the bond strength of bonded bars by about three times. Using SEM, the peeling surface of samples and the fracture surface around the interface after the tensile test were studied to investigate the bonding quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have already been fully understood. Preliminary recent data demonstrated that a special case of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields, known as amplitude-modulated currents (AMC) could have a potential to accelerate the cell metabolism or cell migration. An AMC generator was designed to generate sinusoidal induced electric currents with the amplitude modulation and the harmonic carrier frequency of 5,000 Hz was modulated by frequencies of 1 to 100 Hz. The magnetic field peak was 6 mT, electric field intensity 2 V/m and the current density of induced electrical currents was approximately 1 A/m². The coil of the generator was adapted to easy handling and safe integration into the shelf of the CO2 incubator. The shelf with the coil was prepared for the introduction of cells in standard plastic in vitro chambers. The tests focused on cells with migratory capacity after injury or during immunological processes and thus, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), dendritic cells (DC), and fibroblasts were chosen. The tests involved exposures of the cells to LF EMF (180 min/day) every day, for a period of three days, before examining them for cell death, morphology changes, and CD markers. The samples were tested by using MTT assay and the effects on the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species were quantified. The cell migration was finally measured with the help of the transwell migration assay. None of the cell types showed any decrease in the cell viability after the LF EMF application and the cells displayed minimum changes in reactive oxygen species. Functional changes (acceleration of cell migration) after AMC exposure were statistically significant for the MSC samples only. The acceleration of MSCs is associated with the production of MMP by these cells. The EMF has a potential to be a safe, clinically applicable selective activator of MSC homing, MSC paracrine production, and subsequent regeneration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have not yet been fully understood. The detailed quantification of LF EMF effects on the angiogenesis were analysed in our experiments by using cultured human and mouse endothelial cells. Two types of fields were used in the tests as follows: the LF EMF with rectangular pulses, 340-microsecond mode at a frequency of 72 Hz and peak intensity 4 mT, and the LF EMF with sinusoidal alternating waveform 5 000 Hz, amplitude-modulated by means of a special interference spectrum mode set to a frequency linear sweep from 1 to 100 Hz for 6 s and from 100 Hz to 1 Hz return also for 6 s, swing period of 12 second. Basic parameters of cultured cells measured after the LF EMF stimulus were viability and proliferation acceleration. Both types of endothelial cells (mouse and human ones) displayed significant changes in the proliferation after the application of the LF EMF under conditions of a rectangular pulse mode. Based on the results, another test of the stimulation on a more complex endothelial-fibroblast coculture model will be the future step of the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We combine the theories of conspicuous consumption and diffusion of innovation. • We posit that conspicuous diffusion improves weaknesses in each of the theories. • Conspicuous diffusion is then applied to electric vehicle diffusion in the Nordics. • Conspicuous diffusion explains previous failures and successes of electric vehicles. • We conclude with novel implications for electric vehicles and diffusion studies. This paper explores how conceptions of luxury and status affect the manner in which a relatively novel technology—an electric vehicle— diffuses across societies. To do so, it combines Veblen's notion of conspicuous consumption and Roger's diffusion of innovation by proposing a new theoretical variation, which we term "conspicuous diffusion." The paper sketches natural connections between the two theories, namely how conspicuous consumption relates to technological and societal development, and how diffusion of innovation is intrinsically connected to status. In combining these approaches, we hypothesize that the success of an innovation is guided by its adherence to the canons of conspicuousness and conspicuous value, which it loses as the innovation diffuses across the population. To illustrate the explanatory power of conspicuous diffusion, we examine the status of electric vehicles in the Nordic region, based on original data from multiple methods, including expert interviews and focus groups. We find that conspicuous diffusion can explain previous failures and current successes of electric vehicle diffusion patterns. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, industry, and academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the mobility calculation, geometry and kinematics of a robot arm. It is a serial robot whose main spatial kinematic chain consists of four revolute joints. Four continuous current electric motors are used for driving the serial robot. We have used matrix calculus for the kinematic analysis of the serial robot arm so that we obtained the three Cartesian coordinates of the characteristic points according to the four independent angular parameters. By means of reversed kinematics, when the three coordinates of the end effector point are imposed, we deduced three non-linear equations with four angular unknown parameters, which proves the robot's redundancy (an extra unknown parameter). Regarding the prehension mechanism, the kinematic schema with two symmetrical parallelograms has been presented, which ensures the circular translational motion of the two fingers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an alternative method to electrical fault diagnosis in three-phase induction motors using reference signal injection. The proposal is based on the insertion of search reference harmonic signals in the supply voltage by the frequency inverter module of the induction machine and the observation of the signals of the electric current of the motor, preprocessed through the FFT and machine signature component analysis. In order to obtain a greater precision of fault classification and state of degradation through intelligent systems, results are validated by different algorithms whose performance are compared in the following methods: k nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron and decision tree. The practical results for the tests with controlled simulation of the electrical faults of broken rotor bars and short circuit in stator windings show the capacity that this insertion technique has when it is used as a tool to diagnose three-phase induction motors. The five proposals of intelligent systems result in a classification with success rates of 93% to 100% in different classes, separated into types of faults and according to the degradation intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]