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Artistic swimming is a sport that requires combination of aerobic and anaerobic power. There is little data in the literature on the anaerobic capacity of synchronized swimmers. This study aimed to track the observed changes in the anthropometric and anaerobic parameters among young female synchronized swimmers over a one-year period. The study included 9 female artistic swimmers with average values for age 11 ± 2 years, height 148.2 ± 11.1 cm and weight 39.5 ± 9.2 kg at the initial measurement. Measurements were conducted twice within a period of 1 year. The measurements take place in late April, before the participation of the athletes in important key competitions. Body composition assessment, somatotyping, Wingate and Sargent test were performed. Results indicated an increase in the body mass index over the year, attributed to enhanced muscle mass as a result of from training. Their somatotype varied little in the two measurements, but the variations were minor, a statistically insignificant decrease in the mesomorphic component and an increase in the ectomorphic component shows that as a result of synchronized swimming training, female athletes form suggested the formation of a characteristic sports somatotype. Maximum power of the studied group of artistic swimmers progressively increased over the study period and after 12 months was significantly higher than at the beginning of the study. A statistically significant difference between two measurements was observed in vertical jump and calculated peak power (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P value = 0.0039 and P value = 0.0039, respectively). These results are further evidence that finding underscore the profound impact of artistic swimming training has a strong impact on increasing the anaerobic capacity of athletes. Tracking the anthropometric and anaerobic characteristics enables the analysis of changes in artistic swimming athletes allows for the analysis of their changes. Targeted training guided by these observations can contribute to the improvement of specific qualities, in the case of desired changes in body composition and anaerobic capacity. Ultimately, this approach enhances sports form and increasing sports improves athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement and Purpose: Soccer is a sport characterized by high intensity and duration. The energy needed to play a soccer match is provided by aerobic metabolism. Therefore, it is important to determine such parameters as oxygen consumption and maximal oxygen consumption in soccer players. The aim of the study is to track the changes in the functional indicators of professional soccer players during the spring half-season and to give recommendations for changes in the training plan to increase their performance and reduce fatigue at the end of the season. Approach: The study involved 13 professional soccer players and was conducted in the period January - June. Functional examination of respiration - spirometry and determination of gas exchange parameters during exercise - spiroergometry were performed twice at the beginning and at the end of the period. Results: The spirometry data of the subjects showed values close to the predicted values. The decrease in values at the end of the spring half-season is probably due to the fatigue accumulated during this period. Although the values show a decrease in the parameters, there is no statistically significant difference in the two measurements of the Tifno index, but there is a statistically significant difference in the decrease in VC (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p value = 0.04) and FEO1 (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p value = 0.0002). The fact that even the indicators at the beginning of the study are to some extent underestimated, shows the accumulation of fatigue in the players and the need to rethink the overall training plan with corresponding individual approaches to each soccer player in order to optimize the training-recovery ratio. There was a slight increase (statistically insignificant) in mean VO2max and VO2max/kg during the spring half-season, indicating that training resulted in an increase in aerobic capacity. This is an indication that conditioning training is producing the desired result and can be carried out without any major changes. Conclusions: The benefit of periodic medical and functional examinations of football players is mainly in two directions. First, it provides information about the current state of health of the athlete under study and his fitness to participate in training and sports competitions. And, secondly, it enables the coach, analyzing the results, to assess the specific functional capabilities of the football players, to make changes in the training schedule and specific exercises, to pay attention to recovery and to apply an individual approach to each specific case in order to improve specific indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological requirements for practicing alpine skiing are both aerobic and anaerobic power, as well as muscle strength and a complex of motor abilities. Alpine skiing competitions consist of four separate disciplines: downhill -- duration of 2-3 minutes at a speed of over 90 km / h; super giant slalom - shorter than the downhill -- 1-2 minutes; giant slalom - is held on very steep terrain with a duration of 60 to 90 seconds; slalom - includes very fast turns on steep terrain, consists of two attempts lasting 45-60 seconds for attempt. The purpose of this study is to track the changes of anaerobic capacity of adolescent alpine skiers during competition season using the Wingate test and the Sargent test. As a result of the study, several major conclusions could be drawn: - As a result of the training and competitions during the period between the two tests, the participants in the study increased their average power (p = 0.02); - there were significant correlations between muscle mass and maximum power ( December - 0.93 ***, April - 0.84 **), average power (December - 0.90 **, April - 0.87 **) and relative power (m December - 0.73 *, April - 0.62 *; *** - p <0.001; ** - p <0.03; * - p <0.05; ns - p> 0.05); - moderate correlations were found between the maximum and average power of the Wingate test and the ranking on the national level of the subjects; - the fatigue index of the athletes increased on the second measurement, probably as a result of the busy training and competition program. The research shows that training and competitions in alpine skiing disciplines allow the development of anaerobic capacity of athletes, which are extremely important for better performance during a race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basketball is a sport in which the development of anaerobic power is of great importance as short intense workouts are part of the game. The purpose of this study is to determine the anaerobic capacity of adolescent basketball players. The study involved 15 basketball players aged 15.5 ± 1.2 years. The anaerobic test used is the Wingate test. The test results indicate that athletes have high peak power (522.9 ± 113.3 W) and high relative peak power (7.1 ± 0.5 W / kg). Blood lactate concentrations after Wingate anaerobic test significantly differ from those before the test (11.35 ± 1.62 mmol/l on the 1st min as compared with 2.57 ±0.30 mmol/l before the test). These results make it possible to conclude that training with adolescents is conducted properly in the direction of anaerobic capacity development. The study is the beginning of a longitudinal tracking on the development of these basketball players and will be used for tracking the changes every six months, which will allow the coaches to make appropriate changes in the training sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is an attractive target for in silico docking experiments. Many potent analgesics currently in use act through the MOR. The main objective of the present work was to find the polynomial function for modelling of the structure-activity relationship of a series of MOR analogues and the results of the molecular docking with MOR (PDBid:4dkl). The relationship of the biological activity of the ligands with the ChemScore function and with the total energy (MolDock function) was modelled with first- to thirddegree polynomials and surface fitted method, assessed by least squares method. The finding, established in the paper, suggests that the third order polynomial could be successfully used for modelling of the relationship between the biological effect of the MOR analogues and results from docking procedure. Analysis and comparison of the data from in vitro tests and docking studies could help to understand better the relationship between in vitro biological effects and docking studies and to answer whether the models of the biological macromolecules (in our case MOR) correspond to the real 3D structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive peptides are protein fragments that have a positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health. Angiotensin-converting enzyme plays an important role in the control of arterial blood pressure. The main action of Angiotensin II is to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It is obtained from the precursor under catalytic action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In order to control (inhibit) the action of the ACE different inhibitors were proposed and some of them are already in use in the clinic. In the present investigation we design and docking studies of fife new potential ACE inhibitors. Three of the proposed analogues have a potential to be ACE inhibitors, as they bind to the enzyme stronger than His-Leu. The studied peptides may form as a basis for the design of new compounds and will be synthesized and biologically tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]