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The article focuses on the nationalization of British banks in Tanzania in 1967, a key part of Julius Nyerere's vision for African socialism and self-reliance. Topics include the impact of colonial banking practices on Tanzania's economy, the contentious negotiations over compensation values between the Tanzanian government and Barclays Bank, and the broader implications of nationalization within global economic movements and the evolution of investor-state dispute settlements.

The article focuses on the rise and subsequent unraveling of microfinance, examining its origins in the Grameen Bank and the Nobel Peace Prize, the exploitation and crises faced by borrowers, the shift to profit-oriented lending, the rebranding as 'financial inclusion' and the critical histories that view microfinance as rooted in colonial and neoliberal models, ultimately questioning its ability to deliver substantial benefits and reduce poverty.

The article describes an interview that Confederate general Robert E. Lee gave to "The New York Herald" newspaper reporter Thomas M. Cook shortly following Lee's surrender to Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, in April 1865. It discusses the details of the interview, Lee's control of the content, and Lee's various decisions before and during the U.S> Civil War.

This article examines the ambiguities of arbitrage, focusing on illegal coffee trade across the Uganda‐Kenya border. I show how residents of the borderlands harnessed ordinary tools (gunny sacks, tin cans, and gravity scales) and cultural repertoires (kinship, language, and ritual) to cultivate and capitalize on difference. They reworked territorial jurisdiction, measurement standards, and surface appearances in a form of arbitrage known as magendo. While magendo is an ordinary occurrence at the border, I focus on a particular period in which magendo reached spectacular new levels. The resulting binge economy was characterized by competitive gift‐giving and interethnic conviviality, but its excessive margins eventually challenged prevailing notions of moral selfhood, gender relations, and the authority of elder men. Seeing arbitrage not merely as the reserve of high finance but also as a strategy of African frontiers provides a way to connect the anthropology of finance to enduring concerns around the postcolonial politics of borders, gerontocracy, and value. Nakala hii inachunguza utata wa arbitrage. Maandishi yangu yanazingatia biashara wa kahawa mpakani mwa Kenya na Uganda. Katika nakala hii, ninaonyesha jinsi wakazi wa mipakani walitumia zana za kila siku (magunia, madebe, na mizani) na pia mbinu za kitamaduni (ukoo, lugha, na mila) kuzalisha na kukuza tofauti za kisokoni na faida. Aidha wahusika hawa walipinda na kufinyanga dhana kuhusu udhibiti wa mipaka, desturi za kukadiri, na muonekano wa nje kwa kupitia kitendo cha arbitrage: almaarufu kama magendo. Ingawa uchukuzi magendo si taratibu geni kwa uchumi za mipakani, nakala hii inazingatia wakati ambapo uchuuzi wa kahawa ulifikia kilele cha kustaajabisha na kuleta uchumi wa ukwasi. Kwa upande moja msimu huo ulileta urafiki kati ya jamii tofauti na mienendo kama vile mashindano ya kutunukiana zawadi. Kwa upande mwingine, faida za kiajabu ziliibua miangalio mipya kuhusu maswala ya uadilifubinafsi, jinsia katika jamii, na mamlaka ya wazee. Kuelewa arbitrage kama zaidi ya mazoezi ya kifedha, bali pia kama mkakati wa uchumi za mapembezoni, inatupa njia ya kuunganisha anthropolojia ya fedha na masawali ya mipaka baada ya ukoloni, utawala wa wakongwe, na thamani.

Proton-assisted recoupling (PAR) is examined by exploring optimal experimental conditions and magnetization transfer rates in a variety of biologically relevant nuclear spin-systems, including simple amino acids, model peptides, and two proteins–nanocrystalline protein G (GB1), and importantly amyloid beta 1–42 (M0Aβ1–42) fibrils. A selective PAR protocol, SUBPAR (setting up better proton assisted recoupling), is described to observe magnetization transfer in one-dimensional spectra, which minimizes experiment time (in comparison to two-dimensional experiments) and thereby enables an efficient assessment of optimal PAR conditions for a desired magnetization transfer. In the case of the peptide spin systems, experimental and simulated PAR data sets are compared on a semiquantitative level, thereby elucidating the interactions influencing PAR magnetization transfer and their manifestations in different spin transfer networks. Using the optimum Rabi frequencies determined by SUBPAR, PAR magnetization transfer trajectories (or buildup curves) were recorded and compared to simulated results for short peptides. PAR buildup curves were also recorded for M0Aβ1–42and examined conjointly with a recent structural model. The majority of salient cross-peak intensities observed in the M0Aβ1–42PAR spectra are well-modeled with a simple biexponential equation, although the fitting parameters do not show any strong correlation to internuclear distances. Nevertheless, these parameters provide a wealth of invaluable semiquantitative structural constraints for the M0Aβ1–42. The results presented here offer a complete protocol for recording PAR 13C–13C correlation spectra with high-efficiency and using the resulting information in protein structural studies.

The purpose of this study is to examine the self-report of experiences, attitudes, and perceived educational needs of American Chiropractic Association members regarding practice in integrated health care settings.

The article evaluates the architectural design of the Commissioners of Irish Lights Headquarters building in Dún Laoghaire, Ireland, where were designed by the Scott, Tallon and Walker Architects firm from 2002-2008.

The article focuses on Irish architect Stephen Roe, 2006 winner of the Arts Council Kevin Kieran Award for architecture, whose vernacular concern is implicit. Roe's research proposal entitled "Ailtreach i gceann na hAimsire" (Architecture immersed in the weather) investigates design strategies that successfully represents different material responses to the unique weather in Ireland. It assesses two buildings designed by Roe based on the sustainable vernacular attitude towards climate. Roe's Bamboo Forest house in Yi-Lan, Taiwan made in collaboration with his partner Chiafang Wu at ROEWU architects reflects the will to appropriate unexpected but local technologies in accommodating the building with its environment. The Mullingar house in Westmeath, Ireland reflects Georgian vernacular.

QUILT ('Quality in Information and Learning Technology') is a multifaceted staff development programme which was designed to make all college staff enthusiastic about new technology and to help them incorporate it in their work. The programme has been designed and led by the Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). FEDA's work is described on its web site (http://www.feda.ac.uk). QUILT has its roots in the Higginson Report in which the Further Education Funding Council set out a vision for information and learning technology with staff development as a priority. The English and Welsh Further Education Funding Councils have contributed around £2m to what became a £5m five-year programme. The continuing emphasis of QUILT has been on the ‘learning’ in information and learning technology.This is a positioning paper; the QUILT programme provides a formative case study example of funding targeted at all types of college staff. The paper illustrates the training and development methods used in the QUILT programme, analysing the programme's success during its first two full years of operation, and linking the successful design of QUILT to other initiatives in the sector.The QUILT model has influenced the form of the National Learning Network (NLN), as described elsewhere in this edition. Reference to the NLN programme, comparisons with the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (Becta) surveys on which the NLN was based, and the evaluation of the NLN to date will help readers to supplement the analysis here. Details of the Becta survey and associated related material can be found at http://ferl.becta.ore.uk. The NLN evaluation has a dedicated Website (http: //www.shu.ac.uk/n/n) which is a useful and developing resource for those interested in the efficiency and effectiveness of learning technology. A version of this paper (with more detailed statistics) is available there.

The immune status of 29 members of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) was investigated before, during, and after a 56 day summer voyage to Antarctica and correlated with psychological and physiological parameters. All subjects were healthy.

These studies were undertaken to evaluate the mechanisms for changes in plasma insulin and glucagon levels observed post-liver transplantation. Two groups of pigs were studied: a control group (n= 8) underwent laparotomy and catheter placement in the carotid artery and portal and hepatic veins. Hepatic blood flow was measured by ultrasonic flow probes placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein. An experimental group (n= 8) underwent orthotopic liver transplantation and similar instrumentation. On Day 1 after surgery, an estimate of insulin and glucagon secretion and hepatic extraction was determined using arteriovenous difference techniques. Serum assays were performed for markers of hepatic and renal function. Plasma insulin levels of the transplanted pigs were higher in the carotid artery (4 ± 1 μU/ml vs 7 ± 1 μU/ml), but not in the hepatic vein (5 ± 1 μU/ml vs 7 ± 1 μU/ml) and in the portal vein (10 ± 2 μU/ml vs 12 ± 2 μU/ml). Arterial plasma C-peptide was significantly greater in the transplanted group (0.23 ± 0.02 ng/ml vs 0.42 ± 0.03 ng/ml); however, the molar ratio of C-peptide and insulin was not different between the two groups (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.4 ± 0.4). Plasma glucagon levels of the transplanted pigs were significantly elevated in the carotid artery (111 ± 11 pg/ml vs 323 ± 65 pg/ml), portal vein (221 ± 27 pg/ml vs 495 ± 69 pg/ml), and hepatic vein (142 ± 15 pg/ml vs 395 ± 58 pg/ml). The estimate of pancreatic secretion of insulin (115 ± 28 μU/kg·min) vs 71 ± 21 μU/kg·min) and glucagon (2.0 ± 0.4 ng/kg·min vs 2.7 ± 0.7 ng/kg·min) and the fractional hepatic extraction rate of insulin (35 ± 8% vs 32 ± 5%) were not different between the two groups. However, the hepatic fractional extraction rate of glucagon was significantly decreased in the transplanted group (25 ± 5% vs 11 ± 3%). Therefore, the hyperglucagonemia observed 24 hr following liver transplantation is partly due to reduced hepatic fractional extraction of glucagon while the hyperinsulinemia is mainly due to the nonhepatic clearance of insulin. We speculate that decreased renal function may contribute to the hyperinsulinemia, elevated C-peptide concentrations, and hyperglucagonemia.

A comparative study of transient photoconductivity and dark conductivity in the discotic liquid crystal hexahexyloxytriphenylene (HAT6) is reported. In both experiments the transport is dispersive, and the carrier mobilities are essentially identical demonstrating that the presence of the counterions in the chemically doped conductors does not significantly perturb the mobility.

Background: The liver is one of the principal organs responsible for the uptake and release of amino acids in the body. The ability of the transplanted liver to clear plasma amino acids is associated with a functioning allograft. However, clinical assessment is limited by the inability to access the portal vein postoperatively. Therefore, using a porcine liver transplant model, we examined (1) the plasma levels of amino acids presented to the new hepatic allograft and (2) the capacity of the new allograft to clear these amino acids from the circulation.

The article describes the inception and development of the graduate programme at the Fine Arts Museum of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. According to the article, it is one of the earliest and most respected programs of its kind in the U.S. and offers studies in creative photography and its history.

Recently, it has been suggested that Helicobacter pylorimight be a cause of some cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in infancy on the basis of its epidemiologic and clinical features. We performed this study to evaluate the possible relationship between IHPS and H. pylori.

Recently, it has been suggested that Helicobacter pylorimight be a cause of some cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in infancy on the basis of its epidemiologic and clinical features. We performed this study to evaluate the possible relationship between IHPS and H. pylori. In consecutive infants with IHPS, we performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy before pyloromyotomy. The endoscopic appearance of the pylorus was noted to validate endoscopic features of IHPS. Sixteen infants, 15 male, 14 white, mean age 42 days, range 21 to 104 days, were studied. The index case had chronic active gastritis on biopsy with organisms suspicious for H. pylori. Four others had chronic active gastritis, six more had focal or mild chronic gastritis, five were normal, and none had H. pylorion histology or immune histochemical staining in selected cases. All patients had negative rapid urease test. Most common endoscopic findings of IHPS were thickened prominent asymmetric pyloric folds and pin‐hole pylorus that could not be intubated by the pediatric endoscope. H. pyloriwas not specifically identified in our patients with IHPS. The presence of H. pylori‐like organisms in the gastric mucosa in our index case and finding of chronic active gastritis in several others may indicate the possibility of an acquired infectious etiology for IHPS.

A 4-year-old boy was evaluated for recurrent abdominal pain and failure to thrive over a 1-year period in a pediatric subspecialty clinic. Results of the extensive workup mostly were unremarkable. Eventually, imaging studies of the abdominal aorta revealed an isolated thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery trunk and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior mesenteric artery. He had been having abdominal angina symptoms and fear of eating. A detailed family history suggested a possible hypercoagulable state. However, an extensive hematologic evaluation did not reveal a recognizable defect that could produce thrombotic events. He was treated by arterial graft bypass surgery and started on conventional anticoagulants. Several months later, he developed repeat, near-total thrombosis of the graft with recurrence of his symptoms. After balloon dilation of the graft and starting him on appropriate anticoagulant maintenance regimen, he had good symptom relief, and the graft remained patent. This presentation was unusually prolonged for the type of vascular problem identified. The possibility of vascular problems in children, therefore, should be considered. Unidentified cause of hereditary clotting tendency is another challenging aspect of this case.

Reports on the role of the Northern Kentucky Convention Center in Covington, Kentucky in the redevelopment of the city. Marketing of office space; Projected annual revenues from the center; Investments being placed in time for the center's opening.

The author discusses the best-practices business model employed by the city of Atlanta, Georgia for the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games. He stresses the effects of the Olympic Games on the city, including the transformation of public housing complexes to high-quality mixed-income units. He also cites the factors that must be considered by cities before bidding for any sporting events, such as the need to analysize the effects that they can bring to the hosting area.

The article provides information on United Way in Buffalo, New York. United Way has brought agencies from across the country to the auto plants that are closing, offering immediate support to those in need. Its remarkable response is by no means limited to the auto industry or the people dealing with job losses. It envisions a thriving community where all people's needs are met and aspirations are achieved.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of investigating the case of Rob Ford, mayor of Toronto, Ontario as a journalist.

The article reviews the video release of the motion picture "Saving Private Ryan," directed by Steven Spielberg.

The mechanism of intestinal fluid loss in SBP intolerance is not known. The possibility of absorptive disturbances was examined in 82 symptomatic infants. Stool composition, oral absorptive tests and mucosal disaccharidases ruled out absorptive impairment in most infants. The possibility of a secretory disturbance was examined in 10 infants by the intestinal perfusion method. 0.142 M NaCl, 5 mM D-glucose (A) and 0.142 M NaCl,5 mM D-galactose (B) were perfuse in the proximal jejunum following soy protein-sucrose feeding. Net water, Na and Cl secretion occurred during perfusion of A and changed to net water and ion absorption during perfusion of B (p < .001). The effect of D-galactose was then tested clinically by substituting lactose for sucrose in the soy formula. Symptoms of intolerance ceased immediately. Re-examination of the water and ion fluxes after 1 mo. of SBP-lactose feeding showed equal rates of absorption during perfusions of A and B. It was postulated that D-galactose, but not D-glucose, inhibited and SBP-mucosal surface interaction underlying the mechanism of fluid loss. This assumption finds support on the known specificity of soybean protein (glycinin) for galactosyl receptors in membrane glycoproteins.