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Super-resolution microscopy is typically not applicable to in situ imaging through a narrow channel due to the requirement for complex optics. Although multimode fibres (MMFs) have emerged as a potential platform for cost-effective and precise endoscopic imaging, they suffer from extreme sensitivity to bending and other external conditions. Here we demonstrate imaging through a single thin MMF for in vivo light-field encoded imaging with subcellular resolution. We refer to the technique as spatial-frequency tracking adaptive beacon light-field-encoded (STABLE) endoscopy. Spatial-frequency beacon tracking provides up to 1 kHz disorder tracking frequency, thus ensuring stable imaging through long-haul MMFs under fibre bending and various operating conditions. The full-vector modulation and fluorescence emission difference are combined to enhance the imaging signal-to-noise ratio and achieve a subdiffraction resolution of 250 nm. We integrate STABLE in a white-light endoscope and demonstrate cross-scale imaging in a bronchus model and in vivo imaging in mice models. The high-resolution and resilience to observation in a minimally invasive manner paves the way to the expansion of MMF in endoscopy to the study of disease mechanisms in biomedical sciences and clinical studies.

Photoreceptors have high intrinsic metabolic demand and are exquisitely sensitive to metabolic perturbation. In addition, they shed a large portion of their outer segment lipid membranes in a circadian manner, increasing the metabolic burden on the outer retina associated with the resynthesis of cell membranes and disposal of the cellular cargo. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 in rod photoreceptors leads to age-related accumulation of cholesterol metabolites in the outer retina, photoreceptor dysfunction, degeneration of rod outer segments, and ultimately blindness. A high-fat diet significantly accelerates rod neurodegeneration and vision loss, further highlighting the role of lipid homeostasis in regulating photoreceptor neurodegeneration and vision.

Formation of glyceraldehyde‐derived advanced glycation endoproducts contributes to the pathogenesis of endogenous uvetitis in human and animals. AGEs are permanently modified macromolecule derivatives that form through nonenzymatic glycation of amino groups of proteins. Glycer‐AGEs are highly toxic and play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the contribution of glycer‐AGEs to the pathogenesis of uveitis is unclear. In this study, we measured serum levels of glycer‐AGEs in 100 patients with endogenous uveitis (22 with HLA‐B27‐associated uveitis, 20 with VKH disease, 14 with Behçet's disease, and 44 with sarcoidosis) and 33 healthy volunteers. We then examined the effect of the AGE inhibitor in a mouse model of human endogenous uveitis (EAU) by continuous oral administration of pyridoxamine at 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. Regardless of the etiology, serum glycer‐AGE levels were significantly higher in patients with uveitis than in healthy subjects. Treatment with 400 mg/kg pyridoxamine significantly reduced the clinical and histological severity of EAU and was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum and retinal glycer‐AGE levels and suppression of translocation of NF‐κB p65 into the nucleus of retinal cells. Serum glycer‐AGE levels may therefore serve as a biomarker of human uveitis, as well as systemic inflammation, and may contribute to the progression of uveitis, including diabetic iritis, via the activation of NF‐κB.

During the past two decades, unique photoelectric properties of TiO2 have attracted a lot of interest in the research of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); however, the use of a proper type of electrolyte is a decisive limitation correlating to the final performance of this kind photovoltaic device. This paper is focused on analyzing the effects of different electrolytes on the cell performance in order to improve the photoelectric properties of TiO2-based DSSCs. Specifically, for the cell fabrication, the iodine-based electrolyte, sulfur-based electrolyte and inorganic solid-state electrolyte CsSnI2.95F0.05 are selected to couple with TiO2 nanorod arrays respectively. Their final photovoltaic properties including j-V characteristics and impedance spectroscopy are measured correspondingly. The cell composing of CsSnI2.95F0.05 shows the highest conversion efficiency around 8.9%, which is much higher than those cells fabricated with the other two kinds of electrolytes.

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Here, we report our studies of immune-mediated regulation of Zika virus (ZIKV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the human cornea. We find that ZIKV can be transmitted via corneal transplantation in mice. However, in human corneal explants, we report that ZIKV does not replicate efficiently and that SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate at all. Additionally, we demonstrate that type III interferon (IFN-λ) and its receptor (IFNλR1) are expressed in the corneal epithelium. Treatment of human corneal explants with IFN-λ, and treatment of mice with IFN-λ eye drops, upregulates antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. In human corneal explants, blockade of IFNλR1 enhances replication of ZIKV and HSV-1 but not SARS-CoV-2. In addition to an antiviral role for IFNλR1 in the cornea, our results suggest that the human cornea does not support SARS-CoV-2 infection despite expression of ACE2, a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in the human corneal epithelium.

In this study, the mercury content of 44 soil samples in Guan Zhong area of Shaanxi Province was used as the data source, and the reflectance spectrum of soil was obtained by ASD Field Spec HR (350-2500 nm) Comparing the reflection characteristics of different contents and the effect of different pre-treatment methods on the establishment of soil heavy metal spectral inversion model. The first order differential, second order differential and reflectance logarithmic transformations were carried out after the pre-treatment of NOR, MSC and SNV, and the sensitive bands of reflectance and mercury content in different mathematical transformations were selected. A hyperspectral estimation model is established by regression method. The results of chemical analysis show that there is a serious Hg pollution in the study area. The results show that: (1) the reflectivity decreases with the increase of mercury content, and the sensitive regions of mercury are located at 392 ~ 455nm, 923nm ~ 1040nm and 1806nm ~ 1969nm. (2) The combination of NOR, MSC and SNV transformations combined with differential transformations can improve the information of heavy metal elements in the soil, and the combination of high correlation band can improve the stability and prediction ability of the model. (3) The partial least squares regression model based on the logarithm of the original reflectance is better and the precision is higher, Rc2 = 0.9912, RMSEC = 0.665; Rv2 = 0.9506, RMSEP = 1.93, which can achieve the mercury content in this region Quick forecast.

During the past two decades, unique photoelectric properties of TiO2have attracted a lot of interest in the research of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); however, the use of a proper type of electrolyte is a decisive limitation correlating to the final performance of this kind photovoltaic device. This paper is focused on analyzing the effects of different electrolytes on the cell performance in order to improve the photoelectric properties of TiO2-based DSSCs. Specifically, for the cell fabrication, the iodine-based electrolyte, sulfur-based electrolyte and inorganic solid-state electrolyte CsSnI2.95F0.05are selected to couple with TiO2nanorod arrays respectively. Their final photovoltaic properties including j-V characteristics and impedance spectroscopy are measured correspondingly. The cell composing of CsSnI2.95F0.05shows the highest conversion efficiency around 8.9%, which is much higher than those cells fabricated with the other two kinds of electrolytes.